Innovative Railway Track Surveying With Sensors and Controlled by

Wireless Communication

SUBMITTED BY GUIDED BY M.KALAIMATHI (43309106011) Ms R.RADHA RAJESWARI P.ILAKYA (43309106010) AP/ECE DEPARTMENT E.SATHIAVATHY (43309106023)

A.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE,Villupuram.

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this project is to provide the multi

sensor railway track geometry surveying system.

Railway Bridge damage status is monitored by the sensor

and transfer through wireless modules.

For easy surveying and with less delay the information can

be send to the authority.

To avoid accident and to safeguard the people.

ARM7 ,GSM,GPS and MEMS are used for geodetic

measurement.

Existing systemSurveying manually.

Infrared sensor are not suitable for external

disturbance.

LDR sensors cannot used on the slab of the tracks.

It can be operated in tunnels with interruption.

Disadvantages:

Delay in transmitting the information.

Cost is high.

Less accuracy.

Proposed systemThe project is cheap and it is suitable to the Indian scenario.

The system can be operated at tunnels also, without interrupts.

Ultrasonic sensors are used for monitoring the obstacles in tracks.

MEMS sensor is used for detect the cracks and breakage of tracks.

Transmitting the information to the current train which comes on the

track.

Advantages:

Very accurate detection.

Cost effective than the

existing system.

Block Diagram of Railway Track Surveying System

In this process we using three section for surveying.

They are

ROBOT SECTION

TRAIN SECTION

GATE SECTION

Robot section:

GPS

MEMS Sensor

Ultrasonic sensor

GSM

Train Section:

Power Supply

ATMELMicrocontroll

er

Gate Section

Microcontroller Driver Unit

Gate Control

Alert Unit

Block Diagram Description Bridge damage status is monitored by the

sensor and wireless modules.

In track, any shake/tilt in parallel bridge

position sensed by MEMS.

If any obstacles, crack on the track detected

by ultrasonic sensor.

The GPS find the location of damage in

track.

RF Module used to transmit and receive

signals from one section to another.

Cont.….

RF receive signal from train section interface with µc.

GSM used to send SMS to authority person.

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under

the control of another electrical circuit.

LCD is used to display the which damage status occur on

the track.

Transmit the signal to the gate level section and to control

the level crossings by DC motor interface with µc .

PIN Diagram

PIN Diagram DescriptionMeasurement range of 0 V to 3.3 V.

It has 64 pins and 45 I/O pins.

Two ports ,p0-30 and p1-15 pins for input/output.

Port 0 Port pin Functions

p0.0 & p0.8 TXD( UART)

p0.1 & p0.9 RXR (UART)

Low power consumption.

CONT…….

AT89S51

CONT… Special functions only in port-3.

10-17 are Port 3 pins.

Port 3 Port Pin Alternate Functions

P3.0 RXD (serial input port)

P3.1 TXD (serial output port)

P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0)

P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1)

P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input)

P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input)

P3.6 WR (external data memory write

strobe)

P3.7 RD (external data memory read

strobe)  

Hardware and Software RequirementsHardware Required

Power supplyARM processorGPS and GSM moduleMEMS and Ultrasonic SensorEncoder/DecoderRF moduleLCD Display

Software Required KEIL CFlash MagicORCAD

Literature Survey

“GNSS based Railway User Navigation(2009)”

GPS to enable autonomous and reliable determination of train position,

velocity under practically all environmental conditions.

Another ethnological approach for the train location function: the use of

GNSS signals integrated with inertial sensors.‘

“LED-LDR Based Railway Crack Detection Scheme(2010)”

Ultrasonic Inspections to be the best solution to crack detection.

However, LED-LDR cannot check for surface and near-surface cracking

where many of the faults are located.

Module DescriptionRAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGE STATUS :

In track, any shake/tilt in parallel bridge position sensed by MEMS.

If any obstacles, crack on the track detected by ultrasonic sensor.Operated in both slab and ballast.

DAMAGED LOCATION CAN BE RECORD AND SENDING SMS PROCESS:

A GPS receiver calculates its position by timing the signals sent by GPS satellite

Continually transmits messages of latitude and longitude position.

Satellite position at time of message transmission via GSM.

The modem will respond with the message from sensors and GPS, indicating that the message to train station.

Cont….TRAIN RECEIVING INFORMATION:ATMEL microcontroller and write the code to initialize the UART and

use it to send and receive data.Display the message from RF receiver. A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control

of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts.

Alarm unit ON, For alert the stations.

GATE SECTION CONTROLLED:Train transmit the signal to the gate level section.The microcontroller interface with the DC motor to control the gate

level crossing.Alarm unit ON, For alert the rover.

Results ROBOT SECTION KIT TRAIN SECTION KIT

 

GATE SECTION KIT

ADVANTAGES:Its cost very low compared to existing system.Very accurate detection.It also checks surface and near surface of the cracking position.Transmitting signals are immediately transfer.Gate level controller.Accidents reduced.

Wireless applications.Railway track damage detection applications.Industrial and access control.Other remote control system.Navigation systems.

APPLICATIONS:

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTIn this project, we are using MEMS and

Ultrasonic sensors for detecting the cracks and obstacles in track.

In future, we will also using the cctv systems with IP based camera for monitoring the visual videos captured from the track.

It will also increase the security for the both rails and passengers from terrorism, crime.

Conclusion:This project is a cost effective.

Monitoring and maintenance by human is very difficult and

takes more time.

Initially IR sensor used but, it is less efficiency after that uv-

sensors are used for slab on the track only not for the crack

detection.

To avoid delays, our proposed system will immediately notifies

and informs the current train comes on the track through

wireless medium.

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