Innovation for Development

Nicolas Chevrollier

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TNO

• 5 core areas• TNO Quality of Life: Work and Employment, Chemistry, Prevention and Healthcare,

Innovation Policy, Pharma, Food and Nutrition • TNO Defence, Security and Safety: Defence Industry, Aviation, Security and Safety,

Maritime • TNO Science and Industry: Automotive, Sports, Care and Medical Systems, Process

industry , Space and Science Instrumentation • TNO Built and Environment and Geosciences: Subsurface, Building and

Construction, Environment, Oil and Gas, Traffic and Transport • and TNO ICT, One of the largest ICT knowledge centres in Europe (telecom, IT)

TNO Quality of Life

TNO Defence, Security and Safety

TNO Built Environment and Geosciences

TNO Science and Industry

TNO Informa-tion and Communication Technology

• Knowledge for business• Independent of public and private

interests• In depth knowledge on markets and

technology • 350Meuro turnover, 4300

employees

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Goals of the Webinar

• Provide an helicopter view of innovation for development via an illustrative approach

• Inspire you to innovate in emerging regions

• Create an IEEE momentum on the topic

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Outline

• Setting the scene• What is innovation?• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?• Guidelines

• Innovation in products/services• Zoom-in: ICT sector

• Innovation in market based approaches

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Outline

• Setting the scene• What is innovation?• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?• Guidelines

• Innovation in products/services• Zoom-in: ICT sector in Africa

• Innovation in market based approached

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What is innovation?

• The exploitation of new ideas• More than invention• Diffuse to the public/market and exploited in some way

• Different types• product innovation• Process innovation• Marketing innovation• Organizational innovation

• An innovation could be:• Incremental: adapted or modified• Radical/disruptive: completely new ideas

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Target group

• Emerging regions

• Base of the Pyramid

source: http://www.wri.org

Source: World Bank< $3000

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Why innovation for development? (1)

• «innovate or perish»• solutions to challenges of emerging regions

• Innovation often comes from constraintSource: Ethan Zuckerman ,http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/

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Challenges!

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Why innovation for development? (2)

• Primary driver of business, financial and economic growth• Competitive advantage• Deliver high-quality jobs• Provide better products

Source: http://www.wri.org/publication/the-next-4-billion

Social Impact

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Solving health challenges

• LifeStraw®• Portable water filter for prevention of common diarrhoeal disease• Can be carried around for easy access to safe and clean drinking

water.

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Solving Energy challenges• Solar Cooker• Used in Nepal by refugees

TNO developed a heat battery: conversion of thermal energy in electricity for lighting

Source: http://www.envirofit.org/?q=our-products/clean-cookstovesSource: http://www.dlightdesign.com/product_nova.html

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Why innovation for development? (3)

• Emerging regions are a fertile playing field for innovators/inventors

• Top creativity

http://makerfaireafrica.com/2009/08/27/video-maker-faire-africa-ghana-2009/

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Holistic approach of innovation

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Culture?

FutureHistory

ActorMember

CredentialsCharacter

Execute RightsExecuteResponsibilities

GoodsRelationships

WhatWho

IndividualCommunity

RatioRelatio

To HelpBeing Helped

Western Rational Culture

African RelationalCulture

Source: Gertjan van Stam, LinkNet, Zambia

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OLPC

• Technical innovation is not enough

• Pilots successful but no systematic evaluation.

• The system/environment was not ready (non-technical)

• teachers

• No capacity of the partners to scale up the distribution

• Fierce response from the PC industry

Source: One Laptop Per Child: Vision vs. Reality, Kenneth L. Kraemer, Jason Dedrick, Prakul Sharma

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Co-creation

• Active participation of all stakeholders (holistic approach)

• Create awareness and ownership

• Allow to understand the structure of the local community

• Emulate peers learning

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Innovation for development: Guidelines

• Don’t fight culture• Embrace market mechanisms• Innovate on existing platforms• Realize that problems aren’t obvious from afar• Understand that what you have is more important than what you

lack• Build infrastructure on infrastructure

Source: Ethan Zuckerman, http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/

• Be holistic • Co-create/ Co-design

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Outline

• Setting the scene• What is innovation?• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?• Guidelines

• Innovation in products/services• Zoom-in: ICT sector in Africa

• Innovation in market based approached

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ICT4D impact

• e-health• Overcome the lack of medical expertise in rural areas• Help to register and access patient information

• e-education• Give students in isolated areas access to education• Help teachers to improve and disseminate study materials• Improve learning methods

• e-governance• Improve the information flow within and between governmental

departments• Improve transparency towards civil society• Engage the civil society and give voice to these without

• livelihoods/e-agriculture • Small entrepreneurs and farmers can get access to market price

information and new markets, information on new production methods

• Stimulate economic growth

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Challenges

• Lack of reliable energy supply

• Lack of wired infrastructures

• Lack of well-trained service-personnel

• Limitations to OPEX and CAPEX due to limited financial capabilities of target customers

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The literacy level of many people is very low or limitsitself to the local language

Rich Interfaces

• other ways of communication than text

• from text-based to sound and video based.

Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

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The ICT literacy often doesn’t reach beyond the mobile phone

Mobile only services

• interfaces have to bedesigned for small(er) screens

• less information (text)

Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

Self-healing ICT

Self-configurable ICT

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Different culture(s) bring different meanings of identity, privacy, security and social structures that are used to deploy a product

New Business Models

• new ways of generating revenu based on the local socialstructure

• share access /pre-paid

Identity and Privacy

• not everyone has his own mobile phone

• identity detached from the physical device

Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

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Online or Offline

• not everyone is online always and everywhere

• Intermittent services or systems supporting intermittence (store and forward mechanisms)

Power supply is not a given• how to charge a battery• server/network is down

Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

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Low-end phones and connectivity technologies are most common

Minimum effort, maximum effect

• few degrees of freedom in designing the user interface

• Shift in using the latest technologyavailable to making the most of proven technology

Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

Low-bandwidth

Low-cost

Low-complexity

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Ushahidi

• Platform that crowdsources crisis information

• Gather distributed data via SMS, email or web and visualize it on a map or timeline.

• Free and open source project

• http://www.ushahidi.com/

Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/

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Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/

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Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/

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Microscopy and cell phones in Uganda

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• Connects the phone to the microscope

• Stabilizes the cell phone• Accurate positioning of the

camera

Results – final design

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Outline

• Setting the scene• What is innovation?• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?• Guidelines

• Innovation in products/services• Zoom-in: ICT sector in Africa

• Innovation in market based approaches

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Innovations

Proof of Concept

Innovationpolicy

Scaling up

Local business

Government

Enterprises

NGO’s +

Knowledge Inst.

Partners

National

Regional

Community

Level Needs/ demands

adapted from Mathilde Miedema, TNO

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Innovation in market based approaches

• Profitable/Scalable• scale deep• scale wide• scale up

• Example of Aravind Eye Care• Eliminate needless blindness• 2 million surgeries in 32 years• 2.7 million patiens screened per year• End-to-end, all inclusive business model

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3As when serving the BoP

• Affordability

• Access

• Availability

Source: The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K. Prahalad

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Business models

• The poor as customers• A pay-per-use approach• No frills service (e.g, telecommunication)• Paraskilling• Share channels

• The poor as suppliers or producers• Contract production• Deep procurement• Demand-led training

Source: http://www.mim.monitor.com/

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Base of the Pyramid protocol

• Business incubation process for multinational corporations (MNCs)

• Based on a participatory philosophy to• Co-discover and co-create new business opportunities• Co-design and launch BoP businesses

"The Base of the Pyramid Protocol:Toward Next Generation BoP Strategy”, Erik Simanis and Stuart Hart

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"The Base of the Pyramid Protocol:Toward Next Generation BoP Strategy”, Erik Simanis and Stuart Hart

A structured approach to a non-structuredchallenge

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Take away!

Solve major challengesReach social and economic impact

Empower people

byinnovating in emerging regions

Be holistic Co-create Embrace marketmechanisms

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Contact

Nicolas Chevrollier

TNO Information and Communication TechnologyRoom BA 206Brassersplein 2, 2612 CT Delftnicolas.chevrollier@tno.nl

http://nl.linkedin.com/in/nchevrollierTwitter: nchevrollier