inglês ccaa regular 4

F E...-GUl..AFf COUFISE..

1;I-OG/i/",IM~

· · c t t it iat ea wit t)

6-RG -P4

r----------- CHARACTERS --------,

S.: Sal/y Wilson M.: Mike Wilson

Mr. F.: Mr. Franco Mrs. F.: Mrs. Franco

Mrs. S.: Mrs. Spencer Mr. S.: Mr. Strickland

C.: Charlie Franco

B.: Bob

Di.: Diana

I!,....

" '" '.,..- •••.•.I

"-r--.:r

~D.: Daniel Robinson

R.: Ruth

Mrs. R.: Mrs. Robinson

Mrs. S.: Mrs. Strickland

Mr. S.: Mr. Spencer

B',", .•.. ~~ /,

Att.: Attendant

La.: Laura Simon

K.: Kathleen

fi:,-,:-,

I'"'

Mr. R.: Mr. Robinson

)

)

.,I

( )

RG-P4 -7

LlST OF CONTENTS

LESSON PAGE

37 Surprises 11I

Grammar Review

9

38 A Suspicious Visitor

Prepositions - INTO, IN, OUT OF

Interrogative pronoun - WHO

21

39 Los Angeles or San Francisco?

The comparative and superlative of

adjectives af three or more syl/ables

31

40 At the Checkroom

The comparative and superlative of

adjectives of one or two syllables

Order of adjectives (color + material + noun)

42

41 Situations

Review of comparatives and supertattves

Irregular comparative and superlative

forms - BETTER THAN, WORSE THAN, THE BEST: THE WORST

55

)Jealousy

The past continuous tense

42 68

43 The Missing Purse

Possessive pronouns

The modal verb COULD

78

44 Situations 89WOULD LlKE

8 -RG -P4

LESSON PAGE

45 If I Win the Lottery ...

Conditional clauses - (IF + PRESENl) ..• WILL

99

46 If I Had. .. I Would ...

Conditional clauses - (IF + PAST) ... WOULD

108

Situations

Review of if-clauses

11847

Situations

Review of structures

12648

)I )

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 37 -'13

Did you hear about ... ?

Michelle: Hi, Ann. How are you?

Ann: I'm fine. But what happened to you?

Michelle: I don't know. I woke up with a stift neck this morning.

Ann: Did you go to the doctor?

Michelle: No. Maybe 1'11 go tomorrow.

Ann: Say, Michelle, do you have a cigarette?

)

Michelle: No, I quit smoking last month.

Ann: That's good. Ishould quit smoking too, but it's really difficult for

me.Michelle: Say, did you hear about Linda's daughter?

Ann: Well, I heard she quit school.

Michelle: Right. Her boyfriend is a movie director and she says she

wants to be an actress.Ann: I don't think she'lI be a very good actress.

Michelle: I don't either.

Ann: Oh, I have to go now. I have to get home before my son arrives

from school. Bye,'Michelle.

Michelle: Bye, Ann.

FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH

Observe this sentence:

The doctor said that I had to~ smok!g9'verb -ve....JrL,-b""-in--:-:-th-e

to quit -ing form

____ -----------------jl14 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37

GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. GOING TO OR WILL?

Take a look at the sentences below.

My sister is working in New York. I'm going to visit her next month.

I don't know what to do tonight. H'rn, maybe 1'11go to the movies.

As Vou can see, both going to and will are used to express future time.

Remember this:We use going to to talk about definite plans orintentions. (A previous decision exists.)

We use will to talk about what we think will happenwhen plans are not so definite. (No previous decisionexists; we usually decide at the moment of speaking.)

Note WiII is often used with maybe or probably.

Example:

WELL, I THINK I'LLSTAY HOME, THEN.

I'M GOING TO SEETHAT MOVIE AT THE

ROXY TONIGHT.

)

\

\

RG _P4 _LesSOn 31-15

EXPRESSING PROBABILlTY - MUST11.

Look at this sentence.

t be Cathy's new boyfriend.""Look. That mus

Remember this: wnat we think is probablyWe use must to expresstrue, based on the facts we have.

)We use must for ali persons (singular and plural).

Note ~Use an infinitive without to after must.

Example:

HE DIDN'T PUT ONHIS PANTS.

JIM MUST BE REALLYLATE FOR WORK

TODAY.

)

16 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37

111.THERE WAS, THERE WERE

Remember this:

There was and there were are used to say thatsomething existed in the past.

SINGULAR PLURAL

AFFIRMATIVE THEREWAS THEREWERE

INTERROGATIVE WASTHERE ... ? WERE THERE ... ?

NEGATIVE THERE WAS NOT THERE WERE NOTTHERE WASN'T THERE WEREN'T

Example:

THERE WERE SOMEOOUGHNUTS HERE.WHERE ARE THEY?

I OON'T KNOW.

IV. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I was WaslVou were happy. Wereyou late?Hewas WasheShe was Was she

Itwas expensive. Wasit interesting?

Wewere Were weVou were tired. Were you early?They w€!re Were they

) )

)

RG -P4 -Lesson 37 -17

FULL NEGATIVE CONTRACTEO NEGATIVE

I was not I wasn'tVou were not happy. VOUweren't upstairs.He was not He wasn'tShe was not She wasn't

It was no! available. It wasn'! rare.

We were no! Weweren'tVou were not around. Vou weren't afraid.They were no! They weren't

V. OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS

Subjec!ive Objective

I meVou youHe himShe herIt itWe usVou youThey them

Example:

OIOYOU?WHEN?

YESTEROAY, WHENSHE CALLEO VOU A"PERFECT" 1010T.

MY GIRLFRIENOTHINKS I'MPERFECT.

18 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37

VI. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF REGULARVERBS

Remember this:

. We use the simple past tense to talk about actionsthat occurred at a definite time in the past.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

IVou traveled to New Vork yesterday.HeShe

It started to rain an hour ago.

WeVou loved the show last night.They

NEGATIVE FORM

IVou did not (didn't) like the game yesterday.HeShe

It did not (didn't) stop at the White House yesterday.

WeVou did not (didn't) talk to the President last week.They

INTERROGATIVE FORM

IDid you arrive before them last night?he ,

she

Did it begin at 9 yesterday?

weDid you play cards last Friday?

they

)

) )

RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 45

) Att.: There's a light gray onehere too.

Mr. S.: Uh, uh. These sleeves aremuch shorter and this color'sIighter.

Mrs. S.: Did you find yourraincoat?

Mr. S.: Oh, itwas rny beige rancoanI'm getting old. :

Mr. S.: 1'11get it later ... Mr. S.: ...or she'lI think I'm thecraziest man in the world.

46 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

Dear Sandra,

How are things going with you and John? I hope you are both fine.

Harry and I are great. Last week we took a trip to Las Vegas. We wanted

to see ali the attractions that make Las Vegas one of the most Iasclnatlnç

cities in the States. It was wonderful! We had a really good time.

Sandra, you know how Harry is always forgetting things. Well, let me

tell you what Harry did last night. We went out to have dinner. After dinner,

Harry went to the checkroom to get his lealher jacket.

The attendant went into the checkroom and returned with a gray leather

jacket in her hands. Harry looked at the jacket and said it wasn't his because

his jacket was longer and also newer than that one. The attendant found

another jacket and showed it to him, but it wasn't the right one either. This

jacket was a lighter gray than his jacket, and it was shorter too.

At that moment, I arrived at lhe checkroom and asked Harry abou\ his

yellow raincoat. When he heard the word "raincoat," he remembered he was

there to get his raincoat, not his jacket. We decided to leave the restaurant

immediately. I guess the attendant thought Harry was crazy.

Well, I don't think Harry is crazy, but I really think he is getti,ng old. I

have to go now, dear. Please write to me.

Love,

Gladys

P.S. Harry wants you and John to visit uso Maybe we can go to Las Vegastogether.

, )

RG - P4 - Lesson 41 - 57

Tim:

Sob:

Tim:

) Sob:

Tim:

Sob:

Patty:

Susan:

Patty:

Susan:

\

~ Patty:

Susan:

Patty:

Susan:

Patty:

F/y ar Drive?

Say, Sob, what are you planning to do on your vacation?

I'm lhinking of traveling to San Francisco.

Sounds good. How are you going? Are you going by plane?

No, I don't think so. It's too expensive to fly. I think 1'11drive.

Sut it's such a long way frorn here. And if you drive, you have to becareful ali the time. I know it's expensive to fly, but planes are faster,safer, and more comfortable. Vou can relax and sleep during thetrip. And you'lI have more time in San Francisco.

OK. OK. You're right. I think 1'11leave my car in the garage and goby plane.

Safes Ta/k

Hey, where did you buy these jeans?

I got them yesterday at Shotty's Department Store.

They are really nice. Were they expensive?

Well, they were on sale, but the salesman said that they were thebest quality jeans on lhe rnarket-

And you believe what salespeoplesay? Most of the time it's onlysales talk. They just want to sell things.

Well, he seemed sincere.

Look! This pocket is torno And one leg is longe r than the other, That'swhy they were on sale.

Oh, no. 1'11have to take them back. Can you take back things thatwere on sale?

Seatsme. Sut next time, I think you should look at what you'rebuying and not [ust listen to what lhe salesperson says.

58- RG-P4 -lesson 41

RELAXY

Do you have a problem sleeping? Are you tense during the day at work? Do

your hands always shake when your boss calls you to say that your work

needs, well, a little bit more attention?

Relax. We have the solution to your problem: RELAXY. RELAXY is the best

way for you to get a good night's sleep. UseRELAXY. You'lI sleep like a baby

andyou'lI have wonderful dreams. And because your work will be better, your

boss will sleep better too.

)

)

68 - RG- P4 -lesson 42

L ESSON42WORDS IN ACTION

)

arm

bus terminal

WHArs GOING ON?

)

The woman ls laughing. The young man ls waving to thewoman.

RG - P4 - Lesson 37 - 11

TEXTSURPRISES 11I

AN IMPOSSIBLE TASK

B055: Do these things before Ireturn .Secretary: When will you return?

'B055: Tomorrow morning.

WHA T DID VOU SA Y?

Old lady: Did you hear a noise? Old man: No, I didn't. I didn'thear any noise.

SUPERBABY

Woman on the right Didyour babyjump into the pool?

Woman on the left: He sure did.

12 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37

A POOR EXCUSE

Doctor: Cigarettesl? But youshould quit smoking.

Patient: But, doctor, I got thesefor you.

LlGHTS, CAMERA, ACTlONf

Movie director: ActionlActress: Heipl Helpl

Movie director: What happened?Actor: There was a bug undermy shirt.

WHA T'S GOING ON?

Man on the left: Whafs going on? Doorman: i don't know. I wokeup this morning with a stiff neck.

RG-P4 - Lesson37-19

VII. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Pay attenlion 10 the sim pie past tense of lhe following irregular verbs:

buy boughl

find found

gel gol

have had

leave left

come carne

fly flew

think thoughl

Example:

22 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38

TEXT

A SUSP/C/OUS VIS/TOR

S.: What seared you? A monster? M.: Aw, eut it out. There's astrange guy across the street.

S.: What do you mean bystrange?M.: Suspieious.

M.: He went up to the Strieklands'front door and stood there for afew moments.

M.: Then he took a key ou! of hispockét ...

M.: ... unlocked the door ...

, )

,--

~ I)

RG - P4 - Lesson 38 -23

)M.: ... and went into their house. S.: How did he get the key?

M.: Who knows? Perhaps he's athief.

M.: Quiekl Let's eall the polieelS.: No, wait.

S.: Mrs. Strickland is giving theman a eheek.

Mrs. S.: I'm glad you repairedthe loek so fast. Vou did a goodjob.

24 ~ RG - P4 - Lesson 38

Then Frank took his tools out of abag. There wasn't anyone around. Heused the tools to unlock the front door. Before he finished the job, he heard anoise. It was a police car arriving. '

Two police officers,

new to the area,

got out of the caro

They asked Frank a Iot

of questions. "Who

are you? What are

you doing here?

Who called you here?"

They thought he was

a thief. Frank

answered, "Hey, cut

it out. I'm not a thief.

I)

RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 25

At this moment, the three menheard a noise behind them.When they looked, they saw

a terrible-Iooking old man~Ftiir.. -=- dressedin black. Hesaid,

"Hi, guys. My name's Boog Eman

[pronounced Boogieman - the man was reallyvery ugly). I'm glad you repaired the lock."

Then he put his hand

into his pocket to take out some

money. But Frank Enstine didn't

wait for the money. He disappeared;

quickly. And the two policemen ~ :

were in their car saying " ~,

"good-bye." Boog Emanlooked at the money in his hand

and said, "Don't people like -

money?"

Note to students: Boogieman - legendary creature who takes away disobedient kids.

26 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38


PREPOSITIONS

A. Into or in?

Observe Ihese examples:

Sam is walking lato lhedining room.

B. Into or out of?

Observe Ihese examples:

HereSam is walkinginto lhe diningroom.

Here Sam is runninginto lhe dining room.

NowSam is in lhedining room.

~

utof

[!j

HereSam is walkingouof lhe dining room.

Here Samis runningoutof lhe dining room.

( )

/ .J

.,RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 27

PRACTICAL GRAMMARINTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - WHOLook at Ihis senlence:

I Joe scared Ann. I

)

Who scared Ann? Who performed the action of the verb?

Joe did. Joe performed the action of the verbo

Joe is the subject of the sentence.

Now look at this dialogue:

In the question, who refers to the subject Joe.

In the question, the auxiliary did is not necessary. Why?

Note ~When a question begins with who, and who refers to thesubject, the auxiliaries do, does or did are not used.

)

Pay attenlion to the following questions and answers:

"Who 18 your English teacher?" "Mrs. Williams is."

"Who washes your clothes?" "My mother does."

"Who took you to the movies?" "My boyfriend did."

WHO UNLOCKEDMY CLOSET

DOORS?

28 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38

Now look at this sentenee again:

I Joe seared Ann. I

Who was seared? Who reeeived the aetion of the verb?

Ann was seared. Ann is the reeeiver of the aetion of the verbo

Ann is the objeet of the sentenee.

Now look at this dialogue:

In the question, who refers to the objeet, Ann.

In the question, the auxiliary didis used. The auxiliary did is neeessary. Why?

When a question begins with who, and who refers tothe obiect, the auxiliaries do, does, or did are used.Note

Take a look at this example:

)

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 29

Compare these questions and answers:

"Who seared Ann?~ "Joe seared Ann." ~~V)

I "Who did Joe seare?" "Joe seared Ann." I@I~~)

Another way of asking the last question is:

I Whom did Joe seare? I

In eonversation, whom is not usually used as an interrogative pronoun.Amerieans use who. However, if you are writing something formal, it's betterto use whom.

32 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39

TEXT

LOS ANGELES OR SAN FRANCISCO?

Mr. F.: Tell us about your trip. Mr. S.: It was excellent. Las Vegasis a fascinating city.

Mrs. S.: Well, I left my heart inSan Francisco'.

Mr. F.: I think LA. is more interestingthan San Francisco.

Mr. S.: But San Francisco is themost beautiful city in California.

Mrs. S.: And the most famousbridgein the world, the GoldenGate Bridge, is in San Francisco.

)

() )

RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 33

) Mrs. F.: True, but there are moretourist attractions in L.A. than inSan Francisco.

Mr. F.: Yeah, and it's more difficultto park in San Francisco.

Mrs. S.: By the way, this seafoodis out of this world.

Mrs. F.: Well, crab, oysters, ...

Mrs. F.: ... lobster and shrimp ... Mrs. F.: ... are San Franciscospecialties.

34 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39

Come to Los Angeles onyour next vacation. In L.A.,

you can visit world-famous

Hollywood Boulevard,Beverly Hills, and Bel Air.

Don't be surprised if you

see a movie star walking

onthe street next to you inHollywood, the movie

capital of the world. And, ofcourse, bring the kids. Vou

have to take them toDisneyland and Sea

World. Vou (and they) will

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 35

)

Come visit San Francisco,the most beautifulcity in California.

In San Francisco, you canvisit the Golden Gate Bridge,Chinatown, Fisherman'sWharf, and Ghiradelli

Square. And San Franciscois also famous for its

seafood restaurants where

you can have

out-of-this-world specialties

like crab, oyster, shrimp, andlobster. We're sure that

when you leave The City,you too will say: "lleftmyheart in San Francisco."

\\\\

36 _ RG - P4 - Lesson 39


\Pay attention to this: .

be countable or uncountable.. b and lobster can . I they are

The words shflmp. era . erab and lobster as anima s.When we refer to shflmp, '

countable.

one lobster - two lobsters

one crab - two crabs

one shrimp - two shrimp *

d sh·rimphas an irregular plural formo.•Notice tnat the wor. .

d they are alwaysh ·mp lobster and erab as too ,

When we refer to s fi. _

uncountable.

We are going to have 'obster for dinner.

\

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Look at these sentences:

RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 37

- I) )MRS. FRANCO'S SEAFOOD

IS FANTASTIC.

MRS. SPENCER SAID,"MRS. FRANCO'S SEAFOOD

IS FANTASTIC."

MRS. SPENCER SAID THATMRS. FRANCO'SSEAFOOD

WAS FANTASTIC.

PAM

Mrs. Spencer said something about Mrs. Franco's seafood.

We can tell someone else what Mrs. Spencer said in two ways:

Ruth used direct speech. We use direct speech when we repeat the exactwords that a person said, as if that person were speaking.

Pam used indirect speech. We use indirect speech to tell someone whatanothsr person sald, withóuf repeating that person's exect words.

38 - RG - P4 - Le_sson 39

Now look at this example:

Dlrect Speech: Dave said, "The Stricklands are at home."

Indlrect Speech: Dave said that the Stricklands were at home.

Compare these sentences:

Mr. Clark said, "Peter IIves in London." D1RECT SPEECH

Mr. Clark said that Peter lived in London. ~~

Remember this:

In indirect speech, use the past tense of the verb if theoriginal statement was in the present tense.

In indirect speech, do not use quotation marks.

Look at these sentences again:

Mrs~Spencer said, "Mr~Franco's seafood iS]fantastic."

DIRECT SPEECH

Mrs. Spencer said that Mrs. Franco's seafoodwas fantastic.

Mrs. Spencer said Mrs. Franco's seafoodwas fantastic.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, tha word lhat aftar the verbintroducing tha speaker's words is usually omitted.

( )

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 39

11. THE COMPARATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF~ORMORE~L~

Compare these santences:

NON-COMPARATIVESENTENCESan Francisco is interesting.

L

San Francisco is more interesting than L.A.)

Observe the formation of the comparative in this diagram:

adjective ofthree syllables

Remember this:We form the comparative of adjectives with three ormore syllables by adding more before the adjectiveand than after it.~

Note ~We use the comparative when we are comparing twoitems.

)Look at this example:

40 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39

111.THE SUPERLATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF THREE ORMORE SYLLABLES


San Francisco is more intEirestingtha" L.A. @~PA~A~VE)San Francisco is the most interesting city rsüPER~,inCalifornia. ~

Observe the formation of the superlative in this diagram:

San Francisco is

Remember this:

~

Note ~

Look at this example:

YOU'RE THE MOSTFANTASTICHUSBANDINTHEWORLD!

adjective ofthree syllables

We form the superlative of adjectives of three or moresyllables by adding the most before the adjective.

We use the superlative when we are comparing oneitem to the rest of a group.

EVERY DAY THERE'SSOMENEWREASON FOR METO LOVEYOUMORE. N

LlKE THIS NEWDRESS, FOREXAMPLE.LlKEWHAT?

44 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

text

AT THE CHECKROOM

Mr. S.: I left my gray leatherjacket here yesterday, but I lostthe ticket.

Att.: Let me see. 1'11be rightback.

Att.: Here vou are, sir. Yourgray jacket.

Mr. S.: No, my jacket is longerthan this one.

Mr. S~: And it's newer. Mr. S.: This jacket's torn.

) )

)

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR



RG -P4 - Lesson 40 -47

MA. MILLER WANTS TO LEAVE HISDOGHERE.


)

THE ATTENOANT SAIO THATMR. MILLER WANTED TO LEAVE HIS

OOGTHERE.

The attendant said, "Mr. Miller wants to leave ~~~his dog here."

The attendant said that Mr. Miller wanted to ~leave his dog there.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, we use there when here was.usedin the original statement.

48 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

11. lHE COMPARAllVE FORM - ADJECTlVES OF ONE OR TWOSYLLABLES


\ This coat is new. \ NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE

COMPARATIVE SENTENCEThis coat is newer than my coat.

NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCEThis street is quiet.

COMPARATIVE SENTENCEThis street is quleter than that one.

Observe the formation of the comparative in this diagram:

adjective 01one syllable

adjective 01\WO syllables

Remember this:We form the comparative of adjectives of one or twosy/lables by adding er to the end of the adjective andby putting than after it.

Look at this example:THATS MY FATHER ...AFTER A DAY ATTHE

OFFICE.,_~_

I GUESS VOU HAVE TO BEOLDER THAN I AM TO

UNDERSTAND IT;....,;=::~_

HE'SALWAYSTEWNG METODO MY HOMEWORK SO I CAN

GET A JOB _..,...,,_~LlKE HIS.

)

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 49

Now look at this:

Bob is fat, but Jerry is fatter than Bob.

Look at how we form this comparative:

)11a one-syllable adjective ends in or is formed by aconsonant + vowel + consonant, we double the finalconsonant and add er to form the comparative 01theadjective.

Note

Look at another example:

John is thin, but Margaret is thinner than John.

Look at this now:

Celia is pretty, but Donna is prettier than Celia.

Look at how we lorm this comparative:

)

Note 'If the adjective ends in a consonant f y, we drop they and add ier to form the comparative.

Take a look at this other example:

Albert is craz)', but Gilbert is crazier than Albert.

50 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

Pay attention to this sentence:

This room is large, but that room is larger than this one.

Pay attention to how we form this comparative:

This room is large, but that room is large

adjectiveending in e

NoteIf the adjective ends in e, just add r to form thecomparative.


My neighbor Tirn is nice, but his brother Tom is nicer than Tlm,

111. THE SUPERLATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF ONE ORTWOSYLLABLES


My house is smaller than your house. ~

My house is the smallest house on this street. ( ~~

This street is quieter than that one. CC§~This is the quietest street in the neighborhood. ~

)

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 51

Look how we form the superlative in this diagram:

house on this street.

adjective aione syllable

) street in the neighborhood.

adjective 01two syllables

Remember this:We form the superlative of adjectives of one or twosyllables by putting the beforethe adjective and est atthe end of it.


Sarah is the youngest girl in the class,

Now look at this:

)Vince is fat, but his brother Ted is the fattest person in his family.

Take a look at how wc form the superlative in this case:

52 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

Note ~

With one-syllable adjectlvas that end in or are formed bya consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the finalconsonant and add est to form the superlative.


Terry is the thinnest person I know.

Pay attention to this:

Note ~If the adjective ends in a consonant + y, we drop the yand add iest to form the superlative.

Look at this other example:

Marilyn is the craziest girl in our classroom.

Now look at this:

room in the house.

adjective lhalends in e

Note ~If the adjective ends in e, we just add st to form lhesuperlative.

)

) I

RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 53

Look at the example below:

)

THE NICEST SUMMER DAYALWAYS FALLS ON A

MONDAY. " ri'O-/' -Lr( I \

~

IV. ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

Take a look at this sentence from the lesson:

I left my gray leather jacket here yesterday.

As vou can see we have two adjectives (gray, leather) referring to lhe samenoun (jackel). How do we place these adjectives?

Remember this:

Put (he adjective referring 10 color (in Ihis case, gray)before lhe adjeclive referring to material (Ieather).

)

COLO R MATERIAL NOUN

gray leather jacket

Anolher example:

Mom bought me a yellQw nylon jacket.

RG - P4 - Lessen 41 - 55

L ESSON41

TEXTSrrUATlONS

ARE BLONDS STRONGER?

Charlle: In myopinion, brunettesare more attractive than blonds.

Jean: Maybe. But be careful.Blonds are stronger.

VACA T10N PLANS

Woman: I'm going to drive toDenver on my vacation.Man: It's a long way from here.

Man: Why don't you go byplane? It's faster and. morecomfortable.Woman: Yeah, and moreexpensive too.

56 - AG - P4 - Lesson 41

WHO'S TENSE AROUND HERE?

Man: Planes are the safestmeans of transportation. Relaxand try to sleep a little bit.

Woman: How can I if you don'tstop shaking?

SA TURDA Y NIGHT DREAMS

Mr. Brown: Do you think thisfilm was better or worse than theone we saw last week?

Mrs. Brown: Well, I slept betterduring this one.

SALES TALK

Salesperson: These are thebest quality jeans on the market.

Mrs. Wilson: Are you surethey'renot the worst?

J

) )

AG -P4 -Lesson41 - 59


FAR FROM or A LONG WAY FROM?

)

It's important to rememberthat we generallyuse far from when we qualify it usingan intensifier or when the sentence is negative. If there are no intensifiers or the

sentence is affirmative, we usually use a long way from. Observe these four

examples:

My house is nof far trem the airport.

My house is very far from the airport.

My house is 50 far from the airport.

My house is a long way from the airport.

60 - RG - P4 - Lesson 41

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE FORMS


I joe is a good student. I NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE----Joe is a better student lhan Peter. COMPARATIVE SENTENCE

Remember this:

the comparative of the adjective good is better.

Compare these sentences now:

Carl is a bad driver. ~ON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE

Carl is a worse driver lhan Ann.

Remember this:

The comparative of the adjective bad is worse.


1BOUGHT THI5 PICTURE BUT

NOW 1THINK 11'5 50 5TRANGE.

OH, YEAH, NOW 1T'5

MUCH BETTER.

r ) I

)

RG -P4 -Lesson 41 - 61

Read this sentence:

Tina's grades are good, but my grades are better than Tlna's,

Another way of saying this sentence is:

Tina's grades are good, but my grades are better.

)

In this sentence, Tina's grades are being compared to my grades. Becauseboth items being compared come before better (the comparative form of theadjective), than and its complements may be omitted.

Remember this:When the adjective comes between the items beingcompared, we use than directly after the adjective.

When both items being compared come before thecomparative of the adjective, than and itscomplements may be omitted.

11. IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVE FORMS


) I Joe is a good student. I NON-SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE

Joe is the best student in class.

Remember this:

The superlative of the adjective good is best.

62 - RG- P4 -lesson 41


Carl is a bad driver.NON-SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE

Carl is the worst driver I know.SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE

Remember this:

The superlative of the adJ'ective bsd iIS worst.


I GOT A NEW MAZDA I

THINK IT'S THE BEST

CAR IN THE WORLDó

J'

TOO BAD YOU'RE

THE WORST DRIVER.

Now study the charts below:

, Two-syllableTwo-syllableadjectives

with er adjectiveswithmore

famouscrazier liredsimpler than exaclnobler more, recenl than

honeslurgent

)

)

RG- P4 -lesson 41 - 63

Two-syllableadjectives wither or more

cleverer cleverquieter than more quiet thancommoner commonsincerer sincere

Remember this:We form lhe comparative of some two-syllableadjectives by adding er to the end of the adjective andby putting than after it.

)

We form the comparative of some two-syllableadjectives by putting more before the adjective andthan after it.

We form the comparative of a few two-syllableadjectives in two ways:

adjective + er + thanor

more + adjective + than

)Now look at the charts below:

Two-syllable Two-syllableadjectives adjectiveswith est with most

famoustired

craziest exactthe simplest the most recenl

noblest honesturgent

64 - Rd - 1'4 - Lesson 41

Two-syllableadjectives withest or most

cleverest cleverthe quietest

the most quietcommonest commonsincerest sincere

Remember this:

We form the superlative of some two-syllableadjectives by adding est to the end of the adjective.

We form the superlative of some two-syllableadjectives by putting the most before them.

We Iorrn the superlative of a few two-syllableadjectives in two ways:

the + adjective + estor

the most + adjective

)

j )

RG - P4 - Lesson 41 - 65

REMEMBER THIS?

)

good man bad man hot water cold water

long hair short hair

old car new car

dark clothes

weak man

youngwoman old woman

66 - RG - P4 - Lesson 41

Blowing in the Wind-~/~\~~.,-:: \~\,f-~, 11\\1f]~~-'?- .•. '\ " ~tj;fQ ~ if :{li -Xi~~,J;'I,--, - 'ç.....;;.: ~'1j ~ ~ _-=" ._ JI)

How rnarty' roads'must a man walk <lIo'wn 1Before you cal! him a man? :~ ~ VtU \Yes, and how man~ seas musl lhe while dove s~-e- Á~~~~)'"Before she sleeps m lhe sand? ~I~Y~li)Yes, and how many limes musl a cannonballfly'll r Jc. f)

v ('-" .~í)Before it forever is banned? ~ ~ '?n' _"yThe answer, my friend, is blowing in lhe wind~~~ \\(~):~t,

lhe answeris blowlng in lhe wind. J' ~.;:(~' 11, '.Yes, and how many years can a mounlain exist t:S 1\/lBefore it is washed to the sea? ~!t

- 'I>' 7Yes, and how many years can some people exi t (~

Before they're allowed to be fr~e? Uo'tt; IYes, and how many times can a man turn'hls tfeatL. \

And pretend that he just doesn't see? ~

The answer, my friend, is blowing in the "WiP$l '\ :\.J '

The answer is blowing in the wind.

dove-cannonb..•a711.....--b-ombBefore it forever is banned - Before the war is prohibiled

allowed - permittEid

)

!~ )

RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 69

TEXTJEALOUSY

)

D.: Your fiancé was at the busterminal today.

La.: Oh, real!y? What was hedoing there?

D.: When we saw him, he wasbuying a ticket.

La.: Was he alone?D.: No, he wasn't.

D.: He was with a redhead.La.: A redhead?1

D.: Yeah, they were talking andlaughing.

I

\ 70 _ RG - ,4 - ",,,,n "

hl sheI waved to un,O.: Whe,d\9 on to his armowas no I

O.: ...and nener.

'nteresting chatoO • We nad an I .She was really nlce.

\ .\

• Who was she7La..Laura- Are you

O.: Take ifth~a~~nt Sophie7jealouS Q IS

AG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 71

An Old Friend

Andrew: Mom, do you remember Paul? He was my classmate in highschool.

)Mrs. Windsor: I think so. Wasn't he that tall, handsome guy?

Andrew: Ves. And he was the most intelligent student in our class.

Mrs. Windsor: What about him?

Andrew: Well, I saw him this morning at the bus terminal.

Mrs. Windsor: Oh, reallyl What was he doing there?

I\ndrew: He was taking a bus. He looks a little bit older. He was with

a tall, blond woman.

lrs. Windsor: Who was she?

rdrew: I don't know. I think she was his girlfriend because of the way

she was holding his armo

'. Windsor: Did you talk to them?

lrew: No, when I saw them, they were getting on the bus. I just

waved to them.

72 - RG - P4 -t- Lesson 42

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR



Mrs. Wilson said, "I think Sob has aclass at 2."Mrs. Srown said, "Vou are right."

Mrs. Wilson said that she thoughtSob had a class at 2.Mrs. Srown said that she was right.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, we use he/she when we used I/youin the original statement.

( D

RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 73

11.THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Affirmative form

Look at this sentence:

I was talking to Sue when Sob arrived.

Was talking is in the past continuous tense. How is this tense formed?

was=r:

to be in lhe past + -ing lorm 01lhe main verb

) Remember this:

~

To form the past continuous tense, we use the verbto be in the past and the -ing form of the main verbo

Now look at another sentence in the past continuous tense:

John was st1udYingwhen his fathe=.:.ome.

longer action shorter actíon

Remember this:

When two actions, one longer than the other, óccur atthe same time in the past, the longer action isexpressed in the past continuous tense and theshorter action is expressed in the simple past tense.

Look aI Ihis olher exarnple:

)

Sue: It was like a drearn, Sue: ...when Karla came andMorn.Sob and Iwere talking took him away.in the park...

74 ~ RG - P4 - Lesson 42

B. Interrogative form


He was eating when vou got home.1 AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I Was he eatlng when vou got home? I

Now take a look at how we form the interrogative sentence:

I~he ! eating when vou got homear-•...... '"

.... --'

Remember this:

We form the interrogative by inverting the verb to beand the subject.


Woman on lhe left: Butwhat was he doing when the thief brokethe window?Woman on lhe righl: Guessl

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 75

c. Negative form


--, ~He was buying tickets when i saw him.1 ~RM)

He was nol buying tickets when I saw him. ~

)Look at how we form the negative sentence:

Remember this:

We form the negativeby placing not after the verb to be.


)

Tommy: I think vou have a hearing problem, Mr. Charmlchael...That's the third time my mom wasn't calling me.

76 - RG - P4 -lesson 42

Now look at this:

Mary was wrltlng a letter when Hugh arrived.

Hugh arrived when Mary was writlng a letter.

The shorter action can come before or after the longeraction.Note

l

)

78 - RG - P4 - lesson 43

LESSON43WORDS IN A CTION

mushrooms

pizza

( )

pepperoni pizza

)

purse

RG - P4 - lesson 43 - 79

TEXTTHE M/SS/NG PURSE

K.: How was Monica's birthdayparty?

R.: It was pretty good, except fora small incident.

B.: When Pam was sayinggood-bye,she realized her purse.was missing.

B.: We looked everywhere, butwe couldn't find it.

DI.: Do you think someone tookit during the party?

R.: Well, as a matter of fact,when Linda was leaving, shetook it by mistake.

80 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43

R.: Later on, she turned up atthe party again, looking veryembarrassed.

K.: Oh, Undais so absent-minded.

Di.: Well, I'm glad everythingturned out OK.

Clerk.: Is the pepperoni pizza'yours, ma'am?K.: No, it's hers.

K.: The cheese pizza is theirs. K: Mine is the mushroom.

( )

RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 81

) Steve: Say, Tom, did you go to Stella's Halloween party?

Tom: Yes, I did.

Steve: How was it?

Tom: It was pretty good, except for one small incident.

Steve: Whathappened?

Tom: When Patrick was ready to go home, he realized his house keys

were missing. We looked everywhere, but we couldn't find them.

Steve: How did Patrick get into his house?

Tom: Well, as a matter of fact, when Cathy was leaving, she took Patrick's

keys by mistake. They were next to her purse and she thought they

were hers. Later, she turned up again with the keys in her hands.

She was really embarrassed.

Steve: Oh, Cathy is really absent-minded. Well, I'm glad to know

everything turned out OK.

t's-:Lesson4J

k.: Oh U -, nda ts So ab -~.J

Sent-rninded. (

THE SALESPERSON SAIO

THATTHATWAS THE ONLY

BLACK PURSE THEY HAO.

.speech to indirect speech.

C1erk· IYOurs" S the PeI{. ,rna'arn? pperoni .

'. No, it's h ' PIZZaers.

mly black

rs the only

speech, we use that when this was used in11statement.

;t speech, we use they when we or Vou werethe original statement.

1(. M''. me is the

rnUShroorn.

U j

RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 63

Now look at another example where the same rules apply:

Direct Speech: Mr. Smith said, "This is the most expensive car we have."

Indirect Speech: Mr. Smith said thatthat was the mostexpensivecar they had.

11. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Pay attention to the following conversation:

"How was your day?"

"Fine. And how was yours?"

In the second sentence, the possessive pronoun yours is replacing thepossessive adjective your and the noun day.

Take a look at the chart:

Personal Possessive PossessivePronouns Adjectives Pronouns

I my mine

vou your yours

he his his

she her hers

it its --we our ours

Vou your yours

they their theirs

Note: There is not a possessive pronoun corresponding to it.

84 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43

Remember this:

A possessive pronoun is used to replace a possessiveadjective + a noun.

Now take a look at these examples:

1THINK THI5 15

YOURS. ( )

! )'

1

RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 85

111. THE MODAL VERB COULD

A. Affirmative form


I Tom can run 100 meters in 20' seconds·1 ~

) When Tom was 21, he could run 100 meters in 12 seconds. ~

Remember this:

~

Note ~

I Could is the past tense of cano

The form could is used for ali persons (singular andplural).

Look at these examples:

When I was a child, I could watch TV ali day long.

She could sing very well when she was a kid.


Now look at these sentences:

I Tina could read when she was four. I ~~

Could Tina read when she was four?

86 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43

Look at the transformations:

Ic€o~~Tina "....••. - -"""

read when she was four ®!==Remember this:

To form the interrogative, we place could before thesubject. '

Look at the example:

Could you find your watch?

C. Negative form


I My grandfather could hear very welL I ~

I My grandfather could not hear very welLI ~


hear very welL

Remember this:

To form the ne~ative, we place not immediately aftercould. .

)

)

. ,RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 87

Look at the examples:

When I was 21, I could not speak Italian, but I could speak English.

When Bob was 10, he could not go to school alone.

Now look at this:

I couldn't hear what he said.


1.1 ~ see Johnny at the party.1

II ~ see Johnny at the party.1

Remember this:

The contracted form for could not is couldn't.

Look at the example:

)MY SON IS CAMPING OUT

ANO I WAS SO WORRIEO

THAT I COULDN'T SLEEP

LASTNIGHT.

82 - AG - P4 - Lesson 43

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR


Look at these sentences:r---------------------------~THIS IS THE ONLY BLACK

PUASE WE HAVE.

THE SALESPEASON SAIO

THATTHATWAS THE ONLY

BLACK PUASE THEY HAO.

THE SALESPERSON SAIO,

"THIS IS THE ONLY BLACK

PURSE WE HAVE."

Take a look at the chançes trom direct speech to indirect speech.

The salesperson said, "This is the only blackpurse we have."

The salesperson said that that was the onlyblack purse they had.

Remember this:In indirect speech, we use that when this was used inthe original statement.

In indirect speech, we use they when we or you wereused in the original statement.

90 - RG - P4 - Lesson 44

TEXTS/TUATIONSSTlLL IN DEBT

Cllent: To pay off my last bankloan.

Manager: What can I do foryou?Cllent: I would like to borrow$9,754.Manager: What for, sir?

HOW DISAPPOINTlNG!~r===~~~~ --~~~----~

Husband: Here we are, honey.Our new house.

. AiWife: Oh, Joe, it's... it's gorgeousl

Husband: Sorry 10 disappoinlyou, honey, but you're looking atlhe wrong house.Ours is that one.

) )

) )

RG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 91

WANT TO COME ALONG?·

Young man: We're going roller-skaling lonight. Do you wanl 10come along?

Young woman: I'd like 10, but Ican't. I have 10 study for lhe SAT.

THEY'RE REALL Y LOSING

Wife: Would you like somelhing10 drink?

Husband: Give Ihem a doubleScolch. They need it. We'rebealing Ihem 2,98010740.

92 - R(3 - P4 - Lesson 44

A manin debt

Mr. Winslow: Who's that man over Ihere?

Ms. Thompson: Oh, Ihal's:Mr. Williams. He's one of our clienls. He's usually

in debt.

Mr. Winslow: Why is he lalking 10 Mr. Jensen?

Ms. Thompson: He wanls 10 borrow some money. Probably 10 pay off his lasl

loan.

Would you like to join us?

Daniel: We're going roller-skaling lonigh\. Would you like 10 come

along?

I'd like 10, but I can't. Daisy and I are going 10 play cards wilh •

Alfred and his wife.

Why don't you play cards tornorrow nighl? Come roller-skaling

with us lonight.

No. We wanl 10play cards lonighl because lasl nighl thsy beat

us 3,45010 750.

Larry:

Daniel:

Larry:

How disappointing!

Mrs. Williams: Tom. Vou got a 100 on your tes\. Greal!

Tom: Sorry 10disappoinl you, Mom, bul Ihis is Mike's test. I gol a 55.

)

)

AG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 93


NUMBERS

Look at the way we say numbers composed of four digits:

1,000 - One thousand

) 1,200 - One thousand, two hundred

1,230 - One thousand, two hundred and thirty

1,235 - One thousand, two hundred and thirty-five


"How much does this car cost?"

"ltcosts $8,474 (eight thousand, four hundred and seventy-four doliars)."

There were 5,456 (five thousand, four hundred and fifty-six) people at the game.

)Remember that with numbers composed of four digits that end in two zeros, wecan also say the first two digits and then the word hundred.

1,500 - One thousand, five hundred

or

1,500 - Fifteen hundred

94 _ RG - P4 - L9SSOIl 44

PRACT\CAL GRAMMAR

l. WOULDUKE

A. Affirmative form

Compare mese sentences:

, want a steak.

, wou'd nke a steal<.

Remember this:

\NFORMAL REQUEST

When asking for something, it's more polite to use

'" would lil<e•.. " than "I want •.. "

Now compare these sentences:

I would III<e a sleak. ~

I'd Uke a steak.

Lool< at the transformations:

\would Uke

~asteak.

RG - P4 - Lesson 44 ....,95

Observe this chart

)

like to pay off the debt.

FULL CONTRACTEDFORMFORM1 would I'd

You'dHe'd

She'd

like some Scotch.Vou wouldHe would

She would

It would be a good solution.

We would We'dYou'd

They'dVou would

They would

Take a 1001< at the following example:

WHY?, WHATDID

SHEDOHISTIME?


Compare these sentencés:

[ She would IIke a steak.1

I Would she IIke a steak? I

Now look at the transformations:

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

INTERROGATIVE FORM

she llke a steak

- - -.,,"'

96 - RG - P4 - Lesson 44

Remember this:

The interrogative is formed by Inverting would and thesubject.


ANOWHATWOULDVOU LIKE WITH VOUR

LOBSTER?

C. Negative form

Pay attention to this sentence:

[ I would no. lik. to work 00 satumays,j ~

Remember this:

The negative is formed by placing not after would.


I would not like to llve in a big city.

I wouldn't like to live in a big city.

1.1)I I

I I j

RG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 97


II~ tOliveinabigcity·1

I~to livein a big city.

Note ~ I Wouldn't is used with ali persons.


I WOULDN'T LIKE TO SESHEILA WHEN HER FATHER

SEESTHIS.

.' .'.

100 - RG - P4 - Lessen 45

TEXT

IF I WIN THE LOTTERY. ..----.----,~~~~11921" SUPER I.OTTO'1.2"1243242 243242

Mrs. R.: I bought you a lotteryticket.D.: Great!

D.: My numbers are 1, 19, 21,24, 32, and 42.C.: Good luck.

C.: The prize is $1,000,000. C.: What will you do il you win alithat money?

D.: 1I I win, 1'11 take a trip aroundthe world.

C.: II Alice wants to go with you,will you take her?D.: 01 course I will.

) )

RG - P4 - Lessen 45 -101

)D.: We'lI travei ali over Europe. C.: Sorry, Dan. Forget about Alice.Then we'lI go to Asia, Africa, andSouth America.

D.: Why?C.: She'lI only go if she can takeher older brother.

D.: Well, then, Ican pick someoneelse to go with me.

C.: Who? D.: Maybe Click. He doesn't havean older brother.

102 - RG - P4 - Lesson 45

Henry:

Camilla:

Henry:

Camilla:

Henry:

Camilla:

Henry:

Camilla:

Henry:

Camilla:

Henry:

Camilla:

Henry:

Camilla:

A lottery ticket

My mother bought a lottery ticket lor me.

That was a good idea.

My numbers are 5, 12, 22, 33, 37, and 46 and the prize is

$2,000.000!

What will you do il you win ali that money?

II I win, 1'11 travei to Europe, Asia, and Alrica.

Will you travei to South America too?

Yes. As a matter 01 lact, I think 1'11 take a trip around the world.

Will you go alone?

No, 1'11 probably take someone with me.

Who will you take il you win?

1'11 take my mother.

Are you sure she'd like to go?

01 course, she would. She loves to traveI.

Well. Good luck.

( )

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 45 - 103

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDlRECT SPEECH PRACTICE


)

Pam sald, "ls your brother travelingaround Europe,Bob?"

Pam asked Bob ir his brother wastraveling around Europe.

Look aI lhe Iransformation:

)

Pam said, "Is your brother traveling around Europe, Bob?"

lPam asked Bob if his brother was traveling around Europe.

Remember this:In indirect speech, we use asked instead of said whenwe are reporting a questiono

In indirect speech, the word if is used when we areintroducing a yes-no questiono that is, a questionwhose answer begins with yes or no.

104 - RG - P4 - Lessem 45

Now look at the other transformations:

Pam sald, "Is YOrother trav~ around Europe, Bob?"

Pam asked Bob if hls brother was travellng around Europe.

Remember this:In indirect speech, '!Ie use hlslher when my/your wasused in the original statement.

In indirect speech, we use the past contlnuous tensewhen the present contlnuous tense was used in theoriginal statement.

11. (IF + PRESENT) .•. WILL


If I have the money, I wlll travei to Europe.

This sentence is divided in two parts. The first part (If I have the money) beginswith if and expresses a condition. The second part (I will travei to Europe)expresses a possible future occurrence.

Observe the sentence again:

If I have the money, I wlll travei to Europe.

\~ ~-:--~if simple present simple future

(condition) (possible future occurrence)

)

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 45 - 105

Remember this:

When we talk about something that may happen inthe future if a certain condition is met, that is, apossible future occurrence, we use the simple presenttense in the part of the sentence that expressescondition, and the simple future tense in the part thatsays what may happen.

)Take a look at these examples:

If I have the time, I wlll go to the movies tomorrow.

If Tina arrlves early, we wlll go to the party.

Note

I will give vou a present if vou study.

The part of the sentence that expresses condition canbe in the initial or final position.

If vou study, I will give vou a present.

or

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 46 - 109

TEXTIF I HAD ... I WOULD ...

Mrs. R.: Look.There'slhedaughterof Ronald Grag, the millionaire.

Mrs. R.: She's so elegant.

Mrs. R.: What a fantastic life shemust have.

Mr. R.: Would you like to haveali that money?Mrs. R.: I sure would.

Mrs. R.: If I had her money, alimy dreams would come true.

Mrs. R.: First I'd buy a limousine,a mansion in the country and ahouse on the bsach.

. 110 - RG - P4 - Lesson 46

Mrs. R.: Then I'd become lheowner of a major airline.

Mr. R.: But honey, would youspend your whole life just buyingand buying ...?Mrs. R.: No, I wouldn't.

Mrs. R.: If I were Ronald Grag'sdaughter, I'd also marry ahandsome mano

Mr. R.: And who would thatlucky guy be?

Mrs. R.: Do you want to knowthe truth?Mr. R.: Yes, I do!

Mrs. R: Oh, darling, it would beyou.

RG- P4- Lesson46-111

Daniel:

Dave:

Daniel:) ( ) Dave:

Daniel:

Dave:

Daniel:

Dave:

Daniel:

A great friend

Hey, Dave. Look at that guy.

Who is he?

That's Wellington McMillan, the millionaire.

He's very elegan!.

He must have a fantastic life. Parties, trips around the world, ....

Would you like to have ali that money, Dan?

I certainly would. If I had ali that money, ali my dreams would cometrue.

What would you do with ali that money?

First, I'd travei ali over the States, then I'd buy a big house in thecountry, a mansion on the beach, and some cars. And I'd like tobecome the owner of a major airline.

Would you'buy things for your friends?

Yes, I would buy something for ali of my friends. What would youlike to have?

I'd like to be the owner of a supermarket.

Then I'd buy one for you.

And what would you buy for Alice?

I'd buy her a beautiful house with a fantastic yard full of beautifulflowers and trees.

And would you marry Alice?

Yes, Iwould marry Alice. We would live in that beautiful house, and.we would have one son and two daughtars.

Dave: Does Alice know about ali this?

Daniel: No. Aftar I bacoma rich, 1'11tell her about my plans.

Dave:

Daniel:

Dave:

Daniel:

J ) Dave:

Daniel:

Dave:

Daniel:

112- RG - P4 - Lesson46

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR



Mom saído "Are these jewels for me?" Mom asked íf Ihose jewels were for her.


Mr. Hasek said, "Are these books for me?"

I Mr. Hasek asked if those books were for him. I QNDI§~T~S~~Remember this:

In indirect speech, we use those when these wasused in the original statement.

In indirect speech, we use him or her when me or Vouwas used in the original statement.

)

)

RG -P4-Lesson 46- 113

11. (IF + PAST) •.• WOULD

Look at this situation:

Tom has a car, but it's not a new one. He is trying to save up money to buy anew one, but he doesn't have enough money now. 50, listen to what Tom saysabout buying a caro

If I had the money, I would buy a new caro

) In this example, we are talking about an unreal or imaginary situation in thepresent.Tom doesn't have enough money to buy a new car now, so he won'tbuy one. If he had the money, he would buy one.

Look at the sentence again:

If I had the money, I WOUld"Z. a new caro\ ---:\ .

if simple past conditional(condition) (unreal or imaginary situation

in the present)

Remember this:When we want to talk about an unreal or imaginarysituation in the present, we use lhe past tense in thepart of the sentence that expresses cóndition and the .conditional (would + infinitive without to) in the partwhich expresses what would happen if that conditionwere met.

)

Take a look at these examples:

If Tina studled, she would get very good grades.

If 5arah had time, she would help vou.

114 - RG - P4 - tesson 46

Now look at these axamples:

If I were you, I'd look for another job.

If Mary were hera, she'd know what to do.

Note ~When we usa if + the past tense of the verb to be, wehave to use were for ali persons.

Pay attention tothis example:

THESOUP ISTOOCOLD.

BUTIFIWEREVOU 1WOULDN'T

GET ANGRY

c[) .ABOUT IT~

~i I

)

() )

RG - P4 - Lessen 46 -115

) HE'S TRYING TO SINGTHE BABY TO SLEEP.

WHY IS FATHER SINGINGSO MUCH TONIGHT?

116- RG - P4- Lesson 46 RG - P4 - Lesson 46 -117

From this valley they say you are going,We will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile,For they say you are taking the sunshineThat brightens our pathway awhile.Come and sit by my side if you love me,Do not hasten to bid me adieu,

Sut rernernber the Red River Válley ,~nd/tl:le cowboy that loved you so true.

l\

Won't you think of the valley you're leaving,Oh, how lonely, how sad it will be. I

Oh, think of the fond heart you're breaking~nd th.egrief you are causing me.Come and sit by my side if you love me,I:?0 not hasten to bid me adieu,Sut remember the Red River Valley

,And the cowboy that loved you so true,. - -

... - -~

to bid - to sayadieu - good-byefond -Ioving

- -- Gently spread caviar on crackersor buttered toasts.

120 - RG - P4 - Lesson 47

TEXT

S/TUATlONS

BA THROOM OL YMP/CS

Mother: What are you doing inthe bathtub? Stop that rightaway.

Son: Mom, if I don'! practice, 1'11never be an Olympic swimmer.

/N THE HALL WA Y

Man on the left: If I were you,I'd look for another job.Man on the right: Why?

Man on lhe Jeft: This elevatorisn'toutof order.You're here to fix tha!one.

) )

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 47 - 121

A FUTURE BUS/NESSMAN

Father: Look at tha!. II I had alotol money, I'd buy aconvertible.

Son: Ir you want, 1'11trade minefor a Popsicle and some candy.

SMART SON, CLEVER MOTHER

J

Mother: If you have time, willyou pick up your sister atschool?Son: Sure, Mom.

Son: But you'lI have to lend me$20 to put gas in the caroMother: Forget it, Joe. 1'11pickher up.

122 - RG - P4'- Lesson 47

Mark:

John:

Mark:

John:

Barry:

Helen:

There's nothing Iike a hot bath

I'm really tired. There's nothing better than a hot bath after a long

day at work.I think 50 too, but I don't have a bathtub in my apartment, 50 I have

to be happy with a hot shower.

Why don't you move to a house with a bathtub?

It's not that easy, Mark. But you can be sure that when I buy a

house, it will have a bathtub.

In the hal/way

Honey, who's that tall girl near the elevator?

That's Jane Evans, the Olympic swimmer. She's here to practice

for the Olympic Games next month.

The red convertible

Melissa: Aren't you going home, Sally?

Sally: I'm waiting for my boyfrlend. He told me he would pick me up here.

Melissa: Does he still have that Mazda?

Sally: No. Now he has a red Mercedes convertible.

Melissa: Wow! It must be beautiful.Sally: It is. He's like a baby with a new toy. Oh, there he ls. Bye, Melissa.

Melissa: Bye, Sally.

( )

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 47 - 123

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

REVIEW OF IF~CLAUSES

A. (If + present) ... will

Look at this situation:

)Tom wants to go to New York on his next vacation, but he doesn't have enoughmoney now. He's saving money and so it's possible that he'tl have enoughmoney for his vacation next summer. Payattention to what Tom says:

If I have enough money, I wlll 90 to New York.

In this sentence, we are talking about a possible future occurrence, that ls,something that may happen in the future if a certain condition is met. Tom willonly go to New York on his next vacation, if he saves enough money.

Remember this:When we talk about something that may happen in thefuture if a certain condition is met, that ls, a possiblefuture occurence, we use lhe simple present tense inthe part of the sentence that expresses condition andthe simple future tense in the part that says what mayhappen.

)

Take a look at these other examples:

If it's a nice day tomorrow, 1'1190 to.the beach.

If I travei to San Francisco, 1'11vlslt Chinatown.

124 - RG - P4 - Lesson 47

B. (If + past) ... would

Look at this situation now:

Some friends of Jerry's are going to New York. Jerry wants to go with them,but he doesn't have enough money. Since his friends are leaving today, it'simpossible for Jerry to go with them. Pay attention to what Jerry says:

If I had enough money, I would go to New York.

In this example, we are talking about an unreal or imaginary situation in thepresent. Jerry doesn't have enough money, so he won't go to New York.

Remember this:

When we talk about an unreal or imaginary situationin the present, we use the past tense in the part of thesentence that expresses condition and the conditional(would + infinitive without to) in the part whichexpresses what would happen if that condition weremel.

Take a look at some other examples:

If Mary studied more, she would get better grades.

If it weren't raining, I'd ride my bike.

When we use if + the past tense of the verb to be, weuse were for ali persons.

Note


If I were rich, I'd buy a big house.

If Sarah were a millionaire, she'd take a tríp around the world.

)

,)

126 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48

LESSON48WORDS IN ACTION

( )bread eye

hand rye bread

)

turkey

128 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48

TEXTSITUATIONS

ACCIDENTALL Y OR ON PURPOSE?

-Mother: Were you two fightingagain?Boy In yellow: No, we weren't.

Boy In yellow: While we wereplaying, his eye hit my fistandmine hit his fist.

A L/TTLE WHITE L/E

Father:.Son, what were you doingwith the lights off? Sleepinginstead of studying?

Son: No, I was just saving onelectricity. Why did you turn thelights on?

) )

) )

RG - P4 - Lesson 48 - 129

LUNCHTlME

Customer: I'd like a turkeysandwich, please.Clerk: On white or rye?Customer: White.

Clerk: For here or to go?Customer: For here, please.

A LAZYGUY

Man on lhe left: Too bad it isn'training.Man on the right: Why?

Man on lhe left: Because if itwere raining, I wouldn't have towash my fiancée's caro

130 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48

Ted:

Bart:

Melanie:

Alex:

Melanie:

Is he telling the truth?

What happened to your eye? 11 looks Iike someone hit vou.

Well, when I was going into the boss's office this afternoon, I didn'trealize the door was closed and accidentally walked into it.

A turkey sandwich

Honey, I want to eat a turkey sandwich on rye bread and a pieceof lemon pie. Could Vou go to that coffee shop on Lincoln Street

and buy me one?But, dear, it's raining.

I know, honey, but...

(et lhe test-tood restaurant)

Clerk:

Alex:

Clerk:

Alex:

Clerk:

Alex:

What would vou like, sir?

A turkey sandwich, please.

On white or rye?

Rye.

For here or to go?

To go, please.

Mrs. Wilson's lesson

Mrs. Wilson: Andrew, why didn't Vou turn the Iights off when vou left lhehouse? Our electric bill last monlh was really high. If vou turn off

the lights, we can save on electricity.Andrew: Sorry, Mom. I didn't do it on purpose. I just forgot 10 turn them off.

í) / )

)

RG - P4 - Lesson 48 -131

FURTHER USE OF ENGlISH

In this lesson we learned the phrasal verbs turn on and tum o". When thesephrasal verbs are followed by an object, the object can be at the end oí lhephrasal verb or between the words. For example, vou can say:

turn the Iights on

or

turn on the Iights

However, if this object is a personal pronoun (me, vou, him, her,...) it has tobe placed between the two words. For example, Vou have to say:

Why are vou reading with the lights off? Turn them on, Joe.

Here are some other phrasal verbs that you've learned which are in the samegroup:

to drop off - Where will vou drop off the car?Where will Vou drop the car off?

to pay off - I think 1'11 pay off my loan next monlh.I think 1'11 pay my loan off next monlh.

to pick up - Can vou pick up your sister at school?Can vou pick your sister up at school?

) to put away - Tim, come here and put away your toys.Tim, come here and put your toys away,

to turn off - Why did vou turn off the Iights?Why did vou turn the Iights off?

inglês ccaa regular 4

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