information systems for managers by prof. brinda sampat [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Information Systems
– An organized set of seemingly related data– Method, or process of grouping things together
What is Information ?
What is a System ?
What is an Information System ? Combination of users,
technology, processes to complete a given goal
Integration of hardware, software, data, network & communication, processes & people
Organized system, which collects, transforms & disseminates information in an organization
E.g. ATM’s, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems, hospital management systems
Information System
Example of an Information system
Injury and trip to the hospital Registration
Personal Information
Into the System
Assigned a Bed, Doctor ,Nurse
Diagnosis : X-rays, CT Scans
Final Diagnosis, Cure, Discharge, Follow up, Insurance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-EwvGXaXG8Smart Hospitals :-
Why is an IS required ?
Growth in revenue
• To cut down cycle time• To reduce inventory • Develop new products• Support business operations• Support managerial decision making• Support strategic planning
Evolution of Information Systems
1950 1960 1970•Repetitive large volume transactions•Summarizing & organizing data in accounts, finance & personnel areas
•MIS were introduced•Accessed, organized, summarized & displayed information for decision making•Produce predefined periodic reports•Support middle-level managers
•Networking & electronic communication•OAS introduced.•CAD/CAM support available•DSS emerged tailored to provide specific solutions to problems
Evolution of Information Systems
1970 1980•Top executives used EIS; provide critical information in the required format•Breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence lead to ES (Expert System)
•IS & IT became integral part of business processes; helped organizations gain competitive advantage•Improve quality of information thus ensure accuracy o f input data
Basic Framework of a System• Input Feedback • Processing • Output
Basic Framework of an Information System
InputProcessing
•Classify•Arrange•Calculate
Output
Feedback
Environment (customers, suppliers, stock-holders, competitors)
Information System
Input , Processing, Output, Feedback , Control
Data, instructions
Transform , storage Display , reports,
queries
Performance
No deviation
Types of Controls
1• Input Controls
2• Processing Controls
3• Output Controls
4• Storage Controls
5• Facility Controls
6• Procedural Controls
Approaches to Processing
Batch
Real time
Approaches to Processing
•Transactions are accumulated & stored in a group or batch•Stored till some reporting time or need to process it•Used in old systems where massive transactions occurred•e.g. Payroll, end of year reports
•Enters transactions which are linked directly to a computer•Transactions are processed immediately•Airline, Bar code reader, hotel reservation system
Classification of Information Systems
Operations Support Systems
Transaction Processing Systems
Process Control Systems
Enterprise Collaboration Systems
Management Support Systems
Management Information Systems
Decision Support Systems
Executive Information Systems
Business System support the different functional areas by supporting decisions at both operations & management levels
Business Process Re-engineering
• BPR emphasizes on people & procedures• Is the analysis & redesign of workflow within & between
enterprises• Michael Hammer & James Champy were the main
proponents• Davenport’s 5 step approach to the BPR model is :– Develop the Business vision and process objectives– Identify the business processes to be redesigned– Understand & measure the existing processes– Identify IT levers– Design & build a prototype of the new process
BPR cycle
Test yourself !
From all the Chapters
Question 1
• System prototyping helps the designer in
A. Making the programmers understand how the system will function
B. Communicating to the user, quickly, how the system, when developed, will look like and get a feedback
C. Giving a demo of the software, to the system manager to whom he reports
D. Both (a) and (b)E. None of the above
Question 2
• Which of the following systems implementation approaches should be used if you want to run the old system and the new system at the same time for a specified period?
A. DirectB. PilotC. ParallelD. PhasedE. None of the above
Question 3
• A system design aid should primarily
A. Help analyze both data and activitiesB. Help in documentationC. Generate codeD. Using a graphical user interfaceE. None of the above
Question 4
• To reconstruct a system, which of the following key element(s) must be considered
A. Feedback and environmentB. Control and processorsC. Outputs and inputsD. All of the aboveE. None of the above
Question 5
• What is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system?
A. Prototyping B. Prototype C.Proof-of-concept prototype D. Selling prototype
Question 6
• User documentation and training are provided during which SDLC phase?
A. Maintenance B. Analysis C. Implementation D. Integration
Answers
• 1- B• 2-C• 3-A• 4-D• 5-A• 6-C