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Information System

Managers and Their Information Needs

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Data Sources

Data Attribute

Information needs

Type ofinformation

Level ofManagement

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Data attribute

Data Characteristics determine where and howthe data will be used.

Time span refers to how long a period of timethe data covers.

Level of detail is the degree to which the

information generated is specific.

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Information needs

Information is needed for decision making at alllevels of management.

Managers at different organizational levels makedifferenct types of decisions, control differenttypes of processes, and have different

information needs.

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Level of Management

Three classical levels of management include:

Next

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Operational Level

Operational managers are responsible for dailyoperations. They make decisions concerning a

narrow time span about the deployment of smallgroups of clerical and/or shop floor workers

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Tactical Level

Middle, or tatical, managers receive strategicdecisions from above as general directives.

Using those directives as guidelines, theydevelop tatics to meet those strategic directives.That is, they make decisions concerning howand when specific resources will be utilized.

Usually, a middle manager will be responsible forseveral operational managers.

Middle

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Middle LevelOperational Tactical Responsible for finding the best

operational measures toaccomplish their superiors'strategic decisions.

Tactical Strategic While a tactical decision

concentrates on how to dosomething, a strategic decisionfocuses on what to do.

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Characteristics of Effective Information

Certain types of information can be graspedmore quickly when presented graphically.

Many applications allow the user to select howthe data will be selected. Three dimensionalgraphics are an option now as well.

Dynamic representation usually includesmoving images that represent either the speed ordirection of what is happening in real time.

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