information and communication technologies as drivers of social unrest
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AS DRIVERS OF SOCIAL UNREST
Martha Garcia-Murillo (Syracuse University)
Marcio Wohlers (State University of Campinas – UNICAMP)
Moinul Zaber (Carnegie Mellon University doctoral student)
![Page 4: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DEFINING SOCIAL UNREST
4
[email protected][email protected]
An expression of collective dissatisfaction where the intensity of the protest depends
on the extent of the level and nature of social discontent (Jovanović, Renn, and
Schröter, 2012).
![Page 7: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CASTELLS (2013) CHARACTERISTICS OF SM
(i) the movements are networked using the Internet and wireless devices that allow for mass self-communication with powerful images;
(ii) these are horizontal (iii) triggered by a spark (iv) the movements become viral (v) the conversion of indignation to an autonomous entity usually happens through decisions taken in a space of autonomy;
(vi) they are self-reflexive and learning movements that constantly questioning what they want, and the governance structure that can help them avoid the pitfalls of failed movements;
(vii) generally they are nonviolent [email protected]
![Page 8: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SOCIAL UNREST DYNAMICS
[email protected][email protected]
FEAR precautionary behaviors such as withdrawal
results in a delay between the problem and the reaction “ silent majority” ……ANGER acts as a trigger to action.
To overcome fear is necessary to build a protected space
to “mass individuals”There are the emotional poles that push individuals towards action and subsequently these emotions can evolve into collective action.
Mass individuals
Silent majority
![Page 9: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CONTRIBUTING FACTORSICTs
GDP per capita
Education
Governance
Social Unrest
+
+-
-
[email protected][email protected]
Four groups of causes that can lead people to take to the streets Pappas and O’Malley (2014) :• Economic• Cultural• Socio-ideological • State related.
![Page 14: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DATA World Development Indicators International Social Science Resource, produced by Witold J. Henisz, who constructed the The Political Constraint Index Dataset (POLCON III), ,where POLCON = 0 means minimum constraint or most hazardous political environment, and POLCON = 1 means maximum constraint or most stable political environment. University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne which provides the dependent variable, protest, which represents a weighted conflict index taken from its Civil Unrest Data.
14
![Page 15: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MODEL
Where i indicates countries, t indicates years, is a binary variable indicating regulatory decision (yes = 1, no = 0), The independent variables. They are: Fixed Broadband Subscribers by 100 pop (fixed_bb100), GDP per Capita PPP (gdppercapPPP), Political Condition Index (polconiii), Low and Order Situation (law_order), Population (pop), and Mobile Subscribers (mobile_subscribers).
15
![Page 16: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CONTRIBUTING FACTORSICTs
GDP per capita
Education
Governance
Social Unrest
+
+
-
-
![Page 17: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RESULTS
17
Fixed Broadband Subscribers per
100 hab.
gdppercapPPP Law and Order Situation
Mobile Subscribers
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
![Page 18: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS• This paper examines the relationship between ICT condition and social unrest. • Our main hypothesis is: as ICTs have decreased the transaction cost of information gathering and distribution, more people are getting enabled to join in team to protest against the prevailing conditions.• We find a positive and significant impact of ICTs and social unrest.• However, law and order also plays a vital role on social unrest.
![Page 19: Information and Communication Technologies as Drivers of Social Unrest](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062900/58e82ac41a28ab1c5c8b4a71/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS• The economic circumstances are important but are not the only thing.• Education still a mystery
Connectivity without good governance is a recipe for disaster