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IntroductiontoInformationTechnology

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BBSYDP @t AIMS ORG

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Is this really all that important to

know ? Server Program

Client Network CPU Operating System

bit, byte, kilobyte,megabyte Memory Storage

Expansion Slots MHz

Application Software Upload FTP IT

Network Drive World Wide Web Internet etc.

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Will there be computers in your

place of work?

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Will you have to communicate with

those you work with?

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Becoming Computer Savvy

Understand general computer terms.

Have a better sense of computers whenbuying.

Know how to fix ordinary problems

Efficiently use the Internet Know how to learn new and different

programs

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Using Information

Technology

Chapter 1

Introduction to Information Technology

Your Digital World

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What is a computer?

A programmable machine

A machine that accepts input (rawdata), processes that input, andproduces output (information).

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What is a network?

Two or more computers connectedtogether using communications

equipment.

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Then along came

Being online using a computer to access informationfrom another computer through the use of a network.

The Internet

World Wide Web E-mail

Information technology (infotech): IT - Technology that helps in the production, processing, storing,

communication and dissemination of information. The E-World (E-business, E-commerce, E-government,

E-learning, E-pinions, E-tailing, E-waste)

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The Internet, the World Wide Web, & thePlumbing of Cyberspace Cyberspace

encompasses the whole wired and wireless worldof communications.

Term created by William Gibsonauthor

Not a commonly used term in the field ofComputer Science. Internet

A global network of networks (tangible) Do not confuse with WWW.

World Wide Web Most common use of the Internet Encompasses information that can be viewed

through a web browser (web pages). Do not confuse with the Internet.

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1.2 The All-Purpose Machine:The Varieties of Computers

1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

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Supercomputers Fastest computer Can cost one million to 350

million dollars

looks like rows of refrigerator-size boxes

Consists of thousands ofprocessors and can carry outseveral trillion calculations persecond.

Used for computer simulations

tracking hurricanes, biologicalcontamination, orunderstanding ocean currents.

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Mainframes

Small mainframes (mid-size computers orminicomputers).

5,000 to 5 million dollars

Used in largeorganizationsbanks,airlines, insurancecompanies, colleges.

Processes billions ofinstructions per second.

Often used with aterminal.

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Workstations

usually used for complexscientific, mathematical,and engineering

calculations and forcomputer-aided design

Example: designingairplanes, special effects

in movies

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Microcomputer

$500 - $5000 Personal Computer (PC)

Tower PC

Desktop PC

Laptop / Notebook

Personal digital assistants(PDAs), also calledhandheld computers or

palmtops Mac

While a Macis a PC, mostpeople relate the term, PC,

with systems that run theWindows operating system.

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Other types of microcomputers.

Laptop computer

Personal Digital Assistant

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Microcontrollers

tiny, specializedmicroprocessors

installed in smartappliances andautomobiles

also called embedded

computers

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Servers

The word server refers to how a computer isused.

Server - a central computer that holds collections

of data & programs for clientsClients - PCs, workstations, & other devices

attached to a server

Server + Clients linked together form aclient/server network

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How Computers Work

The purpose of a computer is to processdata into information.

Data (Input)The raw facts and figures that are processed into

information

Information (Output)Data that has been summarized or otherwise

manipulated for use in decision making

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Computers consist of hardware and

software. Hardware

All the machinery and equipment in a

computer system Tangible

Software

All the instructions that tell the computer

how to perform a task Intangible

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All computers follow the same five

basic operations.1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

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Input

Keyboard

Mouse

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Processing

- Manipulating data into information Case or system cabinet

the box that houses

the processor chip(CPUCentral Processing Unit)

memory chips (RAM)

motherboard with power supply

secondary storage devices

video card

Etc. ..

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Motherboard

Motherboard - the maincircuit board in thecomputer.

Everything else attachesto the motherboardthrough connectionscalled ports.

Expansion slots - plugson the motherboard forexpanding the PCscapabilities via additionalcircuit boards.

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Processing

Processor chip A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of miniature

electronic circuits.

Front Back

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Storage

Primary storage

Computer circuitry that temporarily holds datawaiting to be processed and after it has been

processedAlso called:

Memory or primary memory

RAMRandom Access Memory

Temporary storage

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RAM

Memory chips

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Secondary storage

The area in the computer where data orinformation is held permanently

Also simply called: Storage

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Storage capacity is measured in:

1 byte - 1 character is represented using 1 byte.= 8 bits (a bit is a 0 or a 1)

1 kilobyte - 1,024 characters.

= 210

bytes (approx. 103

bytes) 1 megabyte - 1,048,576 characters.

= 220bytes (approx. 106 bytes)

1 gigabyte - more than 1 billion characters.= 230bytes (approx. 109 bytes)

1 terabyte - more than 1 trillion characters.= 240bytes (approx. 1012 bytes)

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Storage

Zip disk

Floppy disk

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Storage

Hard-disk drive

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Storage

CD drive

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Storage

Flash Memory Sticks

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Output

Speakers

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Speaker output requires a sound

card.

Sound card

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Output

Monitor

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A video card controls the video

display of your monitor.

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Output

Printer

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Communications

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Put all the hardware together and

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You still need the software!

System software

Helps the computerperform essentialoperating tasks andenables the

application softwareto run

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You still need the software!

Application software

Enables you toperform specifictasks--solveproblems, perform

work, or entertainyourself

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The slides that follow will notbe covered in class.

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1.4 Where Is InformationTechnology Headed?Three Directions of ComputerDevelopment

Miniaturization

Speed

AffordabilityThen (1946) Now

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Three Directions of

Communications Development Connectivity

Interactivity

Multimedia

Wh C t &
http://www.globalxs.nl/home/l/ldevos/itvresearch/scientific_images/4-interactivity.htmhttp://www.globalxs.nl/home/l/ldevos/itvresearch/scientific_images/4-interactivity.htm

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When Computers &Communications Combine:

Convergence, Portability, &Personalization

Convergence

Portability

Personalization

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E Also Stands for Ethics

Speed and scale

Unpredictability

Complexity

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Onward: Handling Information in

the Era of Pervasive Computing Learn to deal with information overload

Have a strategy to memorize information:reduce dependence on technology

Learn how to make your multitaskingefficient

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Onward: Handling Information in

the Era of Pervasive Computing Be aware that smart mobs could also be

dumb mobs: Know when technology isbeing used against you.

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Concept Check

What are the two key components of information

technology?

Computers and communications

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Concept Check

What are the two key aspects of cyberspace?

The Internet and the World Wide Web

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Concept Check

What are the five sizes of computers from

largest to smallest?

Supercomputer, mainframe, workstation,microcomputer, microcontroller

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Concept Check

What is a LAN?

A local area network is a connected group of

desktop PCs and other devices such as printers,normally located in an office or building.

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Concept Check

Which size of computer is also called an

embedded computer?

Microcontroller

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Concept Check

What is the term for a computer used to holdcollections of data and programs for connecting

PCs, workstations, and other devices?

Server

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Concept Check

What are the five basic operations that

computers have in common?

Input, processing, storage, output, andcommunications

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Concept Check

Which type of storage is composed of computercircuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be

processed?

Primary storage (memory)

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Concept Check

What computer device consists of electroniccircuitry that executes instructions to process

data?

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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Concept Check

Are RAM chips used for primary or secondary

storage?

Primary - theyre also called memory chips.

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Concept Check

What is the name of the main circuit board in thecomputer, to which everything else is attached

via connections called ports?

Motherboard

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Concept Check

How many characters can be represented by a

byte? A kilobyte?

A byte represents a single character; 1, 024characters make a kilobyte

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Concept Check

What is the name for the unit of storage capacity

representing one billion characters?

One gigabyte

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Concept Check

What is the name for any component or piece ofequipment that expands a computers input,

storage, and/or output capabilities? A zip-diskdrive is an example of this type of component.

Peripheral device

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Concept Check

What type of software includes the operatingsystem and the master control program that runs

the computer?

System software

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ntroductiontoInform

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Thanx To Allah& ALL OF YOU

Presented By: Muhammad Ali

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