infiltration and inflow (i/i) modeling using multiple...
TRANSCRIPT
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Infiltration and Inflow (I/I) Modeling Using Multiple Hydrograph Components
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I/I Project Area
• 34 Local Component Agencies
• Most of Seattle is Combined System
• 75% of Peak Flows in King County System is I/I
• 95% of I/I is from Local Agencies
• 50% From Private Property
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I/I Program Objectives
• I/I program is part of The Regional Wastewater Services Plan (RWSP)
• Determine the Amount of I/I Received by King County from Each Local Agency
• Identify Major I/I Areas Within Local Collection Systems
• Identify Specific Types of I/I Occurring Within These Areas
• Forecast the Amount of I/I that can be Removed Cost-Effectively
• Develop a Proactive Regional Strategy for I/I Removal and Control
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Why Use Computer Modeling?
• Estimate Peak I/I Using Limited Measured
Data (amplifying the data)
• Distinguish Inflow from Infiltration
• Consider Design Flow Conditions
• Evaluate Multiple Scenarios and System
Options
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I/I ReductionCost
RWSP SavingsEstimates
Based on OriginalStudy Assumptions
Revised Findingsper Pilot Project
Results
Based on Experience
Industry StandardsPilot Projects
AssessmentProtocols
Ranked Basins
Targets forRehabilitation
I/IModeling
Isolates Inflowvs. Infiltration
DeterminesSeverity of I/I
Technical Process Overview
Flow & RainfallMonitoring
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Overview of Supporting Data
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Measured Data for Model Development
• Rainfall
• Evapotranspiration
• Measured Flow Data
• Basin Information– Sewered Area
– Dry Weather Flow Pattern
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Rain Data and CALAMAR
• Service area 25 x 45 miles• Rainfall Measurement with
Gauge-adjusted NEXRAD Data
• 5 Minute Data in 1 Km2 Pixels for specific storms
• 8 Calibration Zones• Gauge Data inserted
between storms
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Flow Monitoring Effort
• 804 Meters in Simultaneous Operation
• 2 Wet Seasons of Flow Data
• 150 for Initial Model Calibration
• 75 Long Term Meters for Trends Analysis
• 95% of Agency Sewers in a Mini Basin
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Model and Mini-Basins
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• Model Basins• Calibrated to flows
measured during 2 wet seasons
• 1,000 acres• 100,000 linear feet
• Mini-Basins• 10 weeks of measured
flow• 150 acres• 22,000 linear feet
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Model Basin Definition
• 150 Model Basins
• Isolate Flow Contributions
• Evaluate System Performance
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MOUSE RDII Model Development and Calibration
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Components of Flow
Rainfall Event
Inflow
Ground Water Infiltration
Flow Response
Total Flow
Rainfall Dependent Infiltration Dry Weather
Flow
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RDII Components
RAINFALLPOTENTIAL EVAPORATION
MODEL PARAMETERS
RDII COMPONENTSEVAPORATIONRECHARGE
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Hydrologic Model Schematic
Lower Zone Storage
Soil Storage
Ground Water Storage
Surface RunoffPr
ecip
itatio
n
Evap
otra
nspSnow
Storage
Infil
trat
ion
Gro
undW
ater
Rec
harg
e
Slow Response
Fast Response(Inflow)
Rainfall Dependant Infiltration
Slow Response
Cap
illar
y Fl
uxR
oot S
uctio
n
Prec
ip
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ROOT INTRUSION INTO LATERAL
FOUNDATION DRAIN
SANITARYSEWER CRACKED/BROKEN PIPE
DETERIORATED MANHOLE
STORMSEWER
Rainfall Dependent Infiltration
BROKEN HOUSE LATERAL
Rainfall Derived
Infiltration
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ROOF DRAIN CONNECTION
UNCAPPED CLEANOUT STORM DRAIN
CROSS-CONNECTION
FAULTY MANHOLE COVER
SANITARYSEWER
STORMSEWER
Inflow
SUMP PUMP
Inflow
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• Plot Model Results
• Plot Measured Flow Data
• Plot Rainfall
• All Flow Components
• Adjust Parameters
Calibration Process
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Statistical Comparison
• Scatter Plots• Overall Season Criteria
– Volume– Correlation Coefficient
• Event Criteria– Peak Flow– Volume
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• Matching Select Event Peaks– Consistent Calibration Procedure– Pre-defined Objectives
• Calibration Flow Definition– Typical Problems with Measured Flow Data– Net Flow Challenges– Dry Weather Flow
Challenges and Resolutions
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Ongoing Modeling Tasks
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Apportion Inflow vs Infiltration to the Mini-basins
• Initial attempts based on Data Analysis
• Modified Calibration process
• Based on Model Basin Calibrations
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Pilot Projects to Assess I/I Removal Costs
• 9 projects and Adjacent Control Basins• Variety of Construction Techniques • Constructed Summer and Fall 2003 • Pre and Post Monitoring and
Calibration• Establish I/I Removal Costs
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Verification of Model Basin Calibration using a Hydraulic
System Model• Set Up KC System Model
• Apportion Model Basin Inflow to the system
• Run Models and Compare with Measured Flows in the System
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Flow Frequency Estimates Using Long Term Simulation
• Calibrate Models to Local Rainfall
• Simulate Using Long Term Rainfall
• Get Flow Peaks from Long Term Simulation
• Apply Probability Analysis to the Peaks
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• Rank Extracted Peaks
• Plot peaks vs. Log of return period
• Best fit curve of flows 1-yr and greater
• Select return period and flow
Probability AnalysisPeak Extraction
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
9/22/9
8
10/12
/98
11/1/
98
11/21
/98
12/11
/98
12/31
/98
1/20/9
9
2/9/99
Date/Time
Flow
(cfs
)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Rai
nfal
l (in
/hr)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.1 1 10 100Return Period (years)
Flow
(cfs
)
Best fit curve
Plotted peaks
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Estimate Future Flows
• Future Conditions by Decade– Available Population Forecasting– Convert Sewered Population to
Wastewater Flow– Estimate Design Flow for Each Decade
• Revise Model Basins for Each Decade– Long term simulation– Estimate 20-year flow
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Modeling Objectives
• Estimate I/I Flows for Design Flow Conditions
• Identify Needed Wastewater System
• Predict System Response to I/I Rehabilitation Scenarios
• Establish Optimum I/I Rehabilitation vs. System Expansion
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Current Status and Time Line for I/I Modeling Efforts
• Calibrated System Model by end of 2003
• Mini Basin Apportionment First Quarter 2004
• Facility Impacts First Quarter 2004
• Pilot Results Second Quarter 2004
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Major Milestones for the I/I Program
• Alternative Options Report to the County Executive by the end of 2004
• Final Plan by the end of 2005
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Lower Zone Storage
Soil Storage
Ground Water Storage
Snow Storage
Prec
ipita
tion
Evap
otra
nsp
Infil
trat
ion
Gro
undW
ater
Rec
harg
e
Fast Response(Inflow)
Surface Runoff
Slow Response
Rainfall Dependant Infiltration
Slow Response
Cap
illar
y Fl
uxR
oot S
uctio
n
Inflow
Prec
ip
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Rain Gauge Data / CALAMAR
Building the I/I Plan
Flow Monitoring Data
Model Basin Flow Quantities
Hydrologic RDII Model Calibration
Hydraulic Model Calibration
20-year Design Flow Projections
Pilot Projects
Alternatives/Options
CE Analysis
RegionalI/I
Control Plan
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Dry Weather Flow Model
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Lower Zone Storage
Soil Storage
Ground Water Storage
Snow Storage
Prec
ipita
tion
Evap
otra
nsp
Infil
trat
ion
Gro
undW
ater
Rec
harg
e
Fast Response(Inflow)
Surface Runoff
Slow Response
Rainfall Dependant Infiltration
Slow Response
Cap
illar
y Fl
uxR
oot S
uctio
n
Slow Response
Rainfall Derived Infiltration
Slow Response
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Dry Weather Flow Model
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CALAMAR Output
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System Background
• 34 Local Agencies• Two Regional
Treatment Plants• 17.5 Million LF of
Separated Sewer• Service within 1100
Mile2 Area• 1000 Feet of Relief
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Expected Results
• Estimated Quantity of I/I
• Likely Rehabilitation Measures
• Estimated Cost of I/I Reduction
• Estimated Savings over RWSP– Capital Savings
– Operating Savings
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Overall I/I Program
Regional I/I Control Program Plan• Goals for I/I Control Program• Target I/I Removal Levels• Measures to Meet Targets• Recommended Standards• Implementation Program
Policy• Alternative Options • Construction Contracting• Regulatory Proposal• Implementation• Schedule
Financial• Cost Sharing
Alternatives• Incentive-based Cost
Sharing Program• Surcharge Program
Technical• Inventory • Monitoring • Standards• Pilot Projects• Modeling