Infancy and Infancy and Childhood Childhood

Infancy and Infancy and Childhood Childhood

Study of Development

• Four Life-spans in development?

• 3 types of development?

• Two methods to study how people change?

-Explain how they work.

-Which is long and expensive?

• Two main issues for developmental psychologists:

-a.)? -b.)?

Roles of Nature and Nurture• Nature: Concept?• 1. Example of

maturation?• 2. Explain the concept

of “readiness.”• 3. Explain the critical

period. -Why is a young child

able to learn a language better than an adult?

• 4. Arnold Gesell- a.) Date? b.) His beliefs? c.) Areas of focus?

• Nurture: Concept?• John Locke- a.) Date? b.) His beliefs? c.) Who agreed?• Factors influenced by

nurture(environment)?

• What roles of development do today’s psychologist say maturation play a part in?

Stage vs Continuity Stages:• Explain the concept

of stages.• Example?• Famous theorist of

stages? -His beliefs/field of

study? -Explain the stage

from infant to toddler.

Continuity• Explain the concept

of continuity.• Example?• Famous theorist of

continuity?• His beliefs?

Physical Development• What is a reflex?• What changes show proof

of physical development?• Height and Weight 1.) When is the biggest

development? 2.) What develops the 1st

eight weeks? 3.) Two stages? 4.) Developments in the

fetal stage? 5.) Infancy- a.) Length of time? b.) Weight & Height

within a year? 6.) Childhood- a.) Length of time? b.) Weight & Height

within childhood?

• Motor Development

• Explain motor development.

• Stages or Continuity?• How is it said that

culture effects the development of a infant?

• Facts about reflexes? -Types of reflexes? -Rooting Reflex? -Survival Reflexes?

Video: Growing Life• Physical Development -Effects of smoking and drinking?• Cognitive Development -Stress effects? -Brain? -Jean Piaget? a.) Sensimotor & Concrete Operational? b.) Beliefs? -Boys vs Girls? -Learning numbers?• Social Development -Attachment? -Child care? -

Physical Development Continued…

• Perceptual Development:• What is perceptual development?• How do nature and nurture play a role on

infants?• Explain the “visual cliff” case studies.• Hearing effects?• Smelling effects?

Social Development• Explain the concept of social development.

Factors of Social Development

Attachment:1. Concept?

2. Development?3. Difference betweenSeparation & Stranger

Anxiety?4. Secure and

Insecure attachments?

Styles of Parenting1. Warm vs Cold?

2. Strict vs Permissive?

Child Care:1. Effects of child

Care?2. Effects of Nonparent

Care?3. Why more aggressiveFrom child cared kids?

Child Abuse and Neglect• Physical Abuse?• Define Neglect?

• Two reasons of abuse?• Effects of abuse

And neglect?

Self-Esteem:Why important?

2. Types of Support?-Explain each?

3. Differences betweenGenders?

Cognitive Development• 1. Concept of cognitive

development?• 2. Two famous

psychologists?• 3. Jean Piaget-(Dates?) -Why did he change

his focus of study? -Two ways Piaget

said humans organize new information?

• 1. Assimilation Concept?

-Example? -How will children

eventually learn?• 2. Accommodation

Concept? -Example? -Stages or continuity?• 3. Piaget’s Four

Stages?

Piaget’s Four Stages of Learning

• 1st: Sensorimotor Stage:• Concept?• 3 to 4months?(Actions)• 4 to 8months?• 8 to a year? • Object permanence? -Example?• Age sensorimotor stage

end?

• 2nd: Preoperational Stage:

• Concept?• One-dimensional

thinking?• Law of Conservation? -Example?• Egocentrism concept? -Example?• Artificialism vs animism?

Piaget’s Four Stages of Learning Continued…

• 3rd: Concrete-Operational stage:

• Concept?• Age?• Ways of thinking?• Things they can

understand?• Egocentric? Why?

• 4th: Formal Operational state:

• Concept?• Capabilities? • Example?