124

Figure 15.1 shows different types of manufacturingindustries.

Figure 15.1

11111 What are the characteristics of these industries? InFigure 15.2, circle the correct answers correspondingwith the photographs.

CharacteristicsWeight of Weight of Input of Input of

raw materials products labour capital

Figure 15.2

Photograph

(a) Light / Heavy Light / Heavy Low / High Low / High

(b) Light / Heavy Light / Heavy Low / High Low / High

(c) Light / Heavy Light / Heavy Low / High Low / High

(d) Light / Heavy Light / Heavy Low / High Low / High

What are the different types of

manufacturing industries?

(d)(c)

(b)(a)

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Chapter 15

What is manufacturing industry?What is manufacturing industry?

22222 Can you classify the above industries into groups according to their characteristics?

33333 Which types of industries can be found in Hong Kong?

44444 Do you remember where our factories are located?

Manufacturing industry turns raw materials into partlyfinished or finished products using labour or machines.Figure 15.3 shows how a manufacturing system works.

Input Processes Output

Figure 15.3 A manufacturing system

Can you name other examples of input in a manufacturing system?

Machines

Power Raw materials

Labour

Factory

Waste

Products

input �� process �� output ��

Capital

*Think about

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Part four

Heavy industry

– Larger quantity of heavyand bulky raw material isused

– Heavy products– A larger area of land is

required– Examples: iron and steel

industry, car industry,shipbuilding industry

Different types of manufacturing industriesDifferent types of manufacturing industries

Light industry

– Smaller quantity of lightraw material is used

– Light products

– A smaller area of land isrequired

– Examples: toy industry,watches and clocksindustry, textile andclothing industry

In the ‘chapter interest’, we saw that manufacturingindustries can be classified into different groups accordingto their characteristics. What are these groups?

• Light industry and heavy industry

Watches and clocks industry

Iron and steel industry

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Chapter 15

• Labour-intensive industry and capital-intensive industry

Labour-intensive industry

– Lower input of capital

– Higher input of labour

– Examples: toy industry,

textile and clothing

industry

Capital-intensive industry

– Lower input of labour

– Higher input of capital

– Examples: car industry,

shipbuilding industry

Textile industry

Car industry

You can obtain more information about manufacturingindustries from the following websites:

• http://www.tdctrade.com/main/industries/industry.htm

• http://www.info.gov.hk/tid/e-index.htm

• http://www.hkiol.org/framework/mainhtml/main.htm

Useful website

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Part four

Our major types of manufacturingindustriesOur major types of manufacturingindustries

Figures 15.4(a) and (b) shows the employment and value of domestic exports of themanufacturing sector in 2000.

What types of manufacturing industries do we have?Activity

11111 Refer to Figures 15.4(a) and (b).(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) Which two manufacturing industries are the most important in Hong Kong? Write

your answer in Figure 15.5.(b)(b)(b)(b)(b) Which types of industries do they belong to? Put a ‘✓ ’ in the appropriate boxes in

Figure 15.5.

(a) Number of labourers employedby manufacturing sector, 2000

(b) Value of domestic exports ofthe manufacturing sector, 2000

Source: Hong Kong 2000Figure 15.4

Types ofindustries

*2*2*2*2*2 Why are these types of industries more important in Hong Kong?

Figure 15.5

Mostimportantmanufacturingindustries

Light industryHeavy

industry

Labour-intensiveindustry

Capital-intensiveindustry

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Chapter 15

129

In 2000, there were 229 445 labourersworking in manufacturing industries,accounting for 9.8% of the total employedworkforce.

Most of our industries belong to lightand labour-intensive industry. Clothing(Figure 15.6) and electronics industries aresome examples. They are the most importantones in terms of labour employed and exportvalue. The reasons are as follows:

Figure 15.6 Clothing industry an exampleof light and labour-intensive industry

Why is light industry and labour-intensiveindustry developed in Hong Kong?

Population...

Hong Kong has a large populationthat provides an abundant supplyof labour for light and labour-intensive industry.

Relief...

The relief of Hong Kong is hilly. Flatland is limited. Factories of lightindustries are smaller. They need asmall piece of land. Therefore, it ismore suitable to Hong Kong.

Local market...

Our local market for industrial products is small.Most of them are exported to other countries.To save transport cost, Hong Kong concentrateson producing light industrial products.

Raw materials...

Hong Kong lacks raw materials.As light industry uses smallerquantities of raw materials, it ismore suitable to Hong Kong.

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Part four

Distribution of our industrial areasDistribution of our industrial areas

Figure 15.7 Distributionof our industrial areas

11111 Where are the old industrialareas and industrial estates?Complete the key of Figure 15.7to show their distribution.

22222 Use your atlas as a reference.Find the names of the placesmarked A to E in Figure 15.7.

Where are our factories?Activity

Figure 15.8 An old industrialarea Cheung Sha Wan

In Chapter 6, we studied thedistribution of our industrial areas.Do you remember it? Figure 15.7shows their distribution.

As discussed in Part 2, our old industrial areasare mainly found in the old urban areas likeCheung Sha Wan (Figure 15.8), Tai Kok Tsui, SanPo Kong and Kwun Tong. There are many flattedfactory buildings. Some are located nearresidential areas which provide a large supply oflabour. It is easy for the factory owners to findworkers there.

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Chapter 15

On the other hand, industrialestates are located in Tai Po, YuenLong and Tseung Kwan O (Figure15.9) new towns in the NewTerritories. A new industrial estatewill be set up in Tuen Mun. Theseestates offer land at a low cost tomanufacturing industries. There aregood transportation and othersupporting facilities. Figure 15.9 Tseung Kwan O industrial estate

Key wordsmanufacturing industry (�� ) heavy industry (�� )

manufacturing system (�� !") labour-intensive industry (�� !"# )

light industry (�� ) capital-intensive industry (�� !"# )

Key points1 Manufacturing industry turns raw materials into partly finished or finished products

using labour or machines.

2 Manufacturing industries can be grouped into different types according to theircharacteristics.

3 Light industry uses smaller quantity of light raw material to produce light products. Asmaller area of land is required.

4 Heavy industry uses larger quantity of heavy and bulky raw material to produce heavyproducts. A larger area of land is required.

5 Labour-intensive industry uses a higher input of labour and lower input of capital.

6 Capital-intensive industry uses a higher input of capital and lower input of labour.

7 Most industries in Hong Kong are light and labour-intensive industries.

8 Old industrial areas are mainly found in old urban areas. Industrial estates are locatedin the new towns in the New Territories.

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