industrial sector(hard copy)

7/28/2019 Industrial Sector(Hard Copy)

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INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF PAKISTAN


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CONTENTS

Introduction to Industrial Sector

Definition,Explanation & Functions

Various Industrial Sectors

Textile Industry

Sports Industry

Telecommunication Industry

Glass Industry

Cement Industry

Automobile Industry

Fertilizer Industry

Sugar Industry

Leather Industry

Surgical Industry

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS & THEIR SOLUTIONS

COMPARISON WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

CONCLUSION

Submitted to Mam Farah Naz Naqvi

Submitted By:

Syed Ghazanfar Ahmad Mi10MBA013

Uzman Ali Mi10MBA021

M.Sajid Bashir Mi10MBA036

M.Shahzad Anwar Mi10MBA040

Muhammad Faraz Ishaque Mi10MBA073


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Industrial Sector Of Pakistan

DEFINITION:

Industry refers to that sector of economy which is related with manufacturing and production of

different products.

EXPLANATION:

There are four key industrialeconomic sectors: theprimary sector, largely raw material

extraction industries such asminingandfarming; thesecondary sector,

involvingrefining,construction, andmanufacturing; thetertiary sector, which deals with services

(such aslawandmedicine) and distribution of manufacturedgoods; and thequaternary sector,

a relatively new type of knowledge industry focusing on technologicalresearch, design and

developmentsuch as computer programming, and biochemistry. A fifth, quinary, sector has

been proposed encompassing nonprofit activities. The economy is also broadly separatedintopublic sectorandprivate sector, with industry generally categorized as private. Industries

are also any business or manufacturing. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw

materials, size and ownership.

Raw Materials: Industries may be agriculture based, Marine based, Mineral based, Forest

based.

Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume

of production.

Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector,

joint sector and co-operative sector
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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Theindustrial revolutionled to the development of factories for large-scale production, with

consequent changes in society. Originally the factories were steam-powered, but later

transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized assembly

linewas introduced to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion, with individual workers performingspecific steps during the process. This led to significant increases in efficiency, lowering the cost

of the end process. Laterautomationwas increasingly used to replace human operators. This

process has accelerated with the development of thecomputerand therobot

INDUSTRIAL SECTORS

Sector Definition

Primary

This involves the extraction of resources directly from the Earth, this includes farming, mining

and logging. They do not process the products at all. They send it off to factories to make a

profit.

SecondaryThis group is involved in the processing products from primary industries. This includes all

factoriesthose that refine metals, produce furniture, or pack farm products such as meat.

TertiaryThis group is involved in the provision of services. They include teachers, managers and

other service providers.

Quaternary This group is involved in the research of science and technology. They include scientists.

INDUSTRIALLABOUR

In an industrial society, industry employs a major part of the population. This occurs typically in the

manufacturing sector. A labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve

common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions. The trade union, through its
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leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and filemembers) and

negotiates labor contracts with employers. Thismovementfirst rose among industrial workers.

FUNCTIONS OF INDUSTRYIndustrial Sector is of great importance for economic development of country. It is historical fact

that countries with strong industrial sector have showed more economic growth and

development industrial sector have shows improvement in national income and promoted living

standard of population.

MAJORFUNCTIONS OF INDUSTRY

1. Industry Practices2. Functional Practices

3. Specialization

Industry Practices

Business & Professional Services

The continuing globalization of this high-end, high-value sector demands exceptional leaders, who know

how to differentiate services, embrace innovation and deliver value.

Consumer Products & Services

Technological advances, globalization and the Internet are reshaping the rules in today's consumer &

retail services market, demanding exceptional talent at the top.

Education

As educational institutions continue to fight for their position in a changing economic and social model,

leadership talent becomes a critical factor in success.

Energy & Utilities

Today's energy and utility corporations face intense market and competitive pressures: Strong leadership

is the driving force that shapes the successful company.

Financial Services
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Financial services firms require strong leaders, global visionaries and superbly qualified professionals to

move them forward in the 21st Century.

Healthcare

The growing focus on the healthcare sector from a population with spiraling expectations and often an

ageing profile, requires leaders who can manage opportunity and challenge in equal measure.

Industrial

Globalization, mergers and acquisitions, vertical integrations and partnerships, all demand more of the

people at the top.

Information & Communications

The demand for new leaders is endless for both information & communications organizations selling into

the enterprise, as well as convergent, web and wireless enabled technology businesses.

Life Sciences

As life sciences continues to experience radical change in the competitive landscape; strong leadership

talent is the differentiator.

Media & Entertainment

A magnet for talented young people, the essential element in success in the media & entertainment

business is securing senior executives who have the vision, energy and acumen to make the right

decisions.

Public Sector & Not for Profit

The public & not for profit sector makes decisions that affect all of our lives - usually in full view of publicscrutiny.

Sports

The business of sport is a rapidly changing landscape, fueled by a growing global demand from

consumers and commercial partners. Professional, commercial leadership is now in premium demand.

Technology

In technology, with apparently boundless application and insatiable markets, it is the human factor -

leadership - that differentiates the stellar successes from the rest.
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Functional Practices

Board & CEO

As world-class organizations grapple with the global challenges of the 21st century, it is their leaders that

define success.

Corporate Communications

Chief executives are recognizing the importance of strengthening and protecting corporate reputation and

the vital role played by corporate communications in doing this.

Financial Management

As the role of the finance function in corporate decision-making becomes ever-increasingly important, so

the demands on finance leaders are rising.

Human Resources

With increasingly fierce competition for leadership talent and a compelling focus on intellectual resources,

the human resources field is experiencing a renaissance.

IT Management

Today's Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Technology Officer (CTO) play a vital role in the

creation of the firm's strategic plan and in articulating how technology can enable business strategies.

Legal

The law plays an increasing role in business life today; corporate and practicing lawyers at the height of

their profession are hard to attract.

Private Equity
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Private equity is arguably the most dynamic global business phenomenon of the last 10 years. Attracting

talent - and supporting investment clients with talent - is key to success.

Procurement & Supply Chain

Leading organizations are recognizing the role procurement and supply chain management plays by

globalizing the function and creating board level representation.

Specialization

Automotive

The automotive industry is an increasingly complex environment. Automotive companies of all sizes and

at all levels are facing issues and challenges regarding their own globalization, issues such as cost

management and reduction, product development and reengineering.

MAJOR INDUSTRIES IN PAKISTANTextile industry

Sports industry

Telecom industry

Cement industry

Surgical industry

Sugar industry

Defence industry

Auto mobile industry

Fertilizer industry

Oil & Gas Industries
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TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Historically, Pakistans textile industry and clothing sector has always been a major

contributor to the foreign exchange earner and still contributes

Pakistan's textile industry is emerging as a major player after the global economic meltdown in 2008. The

financial and economic meltdown has resulted in a permanent closure of many mills not only in the EU

and the US but also in textile producing countries like Turkey, Brazil and a few South American countries.

As a consequence, this has brought great opportunities for the textile sector in developing countries like

Pakistan.

The foundations for the industry in Pakistan have always been very strong. Being major cotton producing

country and having a large, modern and efficient spinning and weaving industry as well as the availability

of man power are the strong pillars of the industry in Pakistan. The economic meltdown was a wakeupcall for the value-added industry that survival was for the fittest; it also opened up new opportunities left

by the closures in other parts of the world.

The industry found openings in the higher-end products that were no longer produced in the West. Textile

products originating from Pakistan may have been viewed in the past as cheap or low cost products,

but that perception is changing fast.

STAGES

There are five stages[2]

Cultivating and Harvesting

Preparatory Processes

Spinning

Weaving

Finishing
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ACHIEVEMENTS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

4th largest grower of cotton after USA, China and India

3rd largest consumer of cotton

3rd largest exporter of cotton textiles

2nd largest supplier of cotton yarn with 26% share of the international market

TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Cotton Traders

Denim & Jean Fabric

Embroidery & Crafts Textile

Fabric Products

Filter Cloth

Filter Fabric

Flannel Fabrics

Furnishing Fabrics

Garments Products & ServicesGlitter Powder

Grey Cotton Canvas

Grey Fabrics & Cloths

Hand Made Fabrics

Handkerchief Mfrs. & Exporters

Hessian Cloth

Hosiery

Household Textile Product

GDP CONTRIBUTION

(i) Over 1.3 million farmers, out of total of 5

million are involved in cultivation of this crop.


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(ii) Industrial Sector is the second largest individual sector

of the economy accounting for 24% of the GDP

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF EXPORTS BY TEXTILE


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SPORTS INDUSTRY

Sports' are all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organized participation, aim at

expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social relationships or

obtaining results in competition at all levels

DEFINITION & HISTORY

According to the COMPASS project carried out by European Union sports federations in

2003,the definition of sports is Sports' are all forms of physical activity which, through casual ororganized participation, aim atexpressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being,forming social relationships or obtainingresults in competition at all levels.

The first record of manufacturing of sports goods in Sialkot can be traced back to 1883 when

SardarBahadur Singh and Sardar Ganda Sigh Oberoi built a factory to produce sports goods for

the British Armysoldiers stationed in the northern sub-continent. The products manufactured

were wooden, such ascricket bats, hockey sticks, polo sticks, etc.

In 1918, a British Army soldier for repairs at Oberois factory, where a Muslim artisan known as

SyedSahib was assigned the task, brought a football. Syed Sahib not only re-stitched the

football to the fullsatisfaction of army personal but also reverse engineered it in his own small

manufacturing unit. Britishsoldiers were astonished to play with the local version and they

praised Syed Sahib for his skills.

Subsequently Syed Sahib started catering to the needs of local troops. In 1922, Syed Sahib was

awardedthe first Export Award from the British Empire for his outstanding venture to supply

footballs to theBritish Army camped in Singapore.


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The sports goods sector bravely passed through the turmoil at the time of independence in 1947

whenmost factory owners, who were Hindus, migrated to India. The craftsmen, who were mostly

Muslims, tookover and greatly expanded the businesses.

SPORTS PRODUCTS

Football

Cricket bats

Hockey sticks

Boxing gloves

Volley balls

Swimming suits

Golf balls

Badminton rackets

Basketbal

ACHIEVEMENTS

(I) More than 200,000 people are directly employed in the

sector exporting goods worth US$450 million

annually from around 2,400 companies of various sizes.

(II) The exports of sports goods from Pakistan increased by 8.06 percent during the first

ten months of the current fiscal as compared to the same period of last year. Sports

goods worth US$261.148 million were exported abroad during July-April (20101-11)as compare to the exports of US$241.677 million during July-April (2009-10)

(III) Sialkot caters to around 70% of total world demand for hand-stitched inflatable

soccer balls (footballs), which translates into around 40 million balls annually worth

US$210 million. During the peak season, which repeats


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These companies fall into five categories:

Large manufacturers-cum-exporters (more than 250 employees)

Medium manufacturers-cum-exporters (100250 employees)

Small manufacturers-cum-exporters (10100 employees)

Commercial exporters (19 employees)

TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY

DEFINITION & EXPLANATION

Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to

communicate.

EXPLANATION

Pakistan is on the verge of Telecom revolution. Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) in

2004 introduced two types of license for ISPs regional and nationwide, and also exempted them

from Central Excise Duty. Since liberalization, over the past four years, the Pakistani telecom sector

has attracted more than $9 billion in foreign investments. During 2007-08, the Pakistani

Communication sector alone received $ 1.62 billion in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) about 30%

of the countrys total foreign direct investment.

TELECOME OPERATORS IN PAKSITAN


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Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd has emerged as a successful Forbes 2000 conglomerate

with over $1 billion in sales in 2005. In addition, there are over 3.5 million landlines in the country.

As a result, Pakistan won the prestigious Government Leadership award of GSM Association in

2006. PTCL launched Internet services in 2000 and the company started offering DSL in June 2007.

In Pakistan, following are the top mobile phone operators:1. Mobilink(Parent: Orascom, Pakistan/Egypt)

2. Ufone(Parent: PTCL, Pakistan/UAE)

3. Telenor(Parent: Telenor, Norway)

4. Warid(Parent: Dhabi Group, UAE)

5. Zong(Parent: China Mobile, China)

6. Instaphone

Mobilink

Mobilink GSM is the brand name used by Pakistan Mobile Communications (Pvt.) Ltd, a joint

venture of Motorola Inc (USA), IWC (International Wireless Communications) and Saif

Telecom.Mobilink provides the widest coverage network, covering more than 10,000+ cities, towns,

and villages across Pakistan. Mobilink also provides true International Roaming in over 130

countries with more than 300 partner operators worldwide. Mobilink GSM Pakistans first and

only digital mobile network operator has standardized on Team-POINT customer relationship

management (CRM) software for a newly-enhanced, multi-million-dollar call centre. The software

from Dublin-based CRM pioneer POINT Information Systems is part of a major upgrade and

integrates Mobilinks sales, billing, credit, helpline and technical support services. Mobilink further

intends to invest $500 million in infrastructure development and service quality improvements.

Mobilink subscribers increased to become 28.2 million. TQR reports that Mobilink made an

investment of $111 million in Q1 (1st Quarter) and $104 million in Q2 (2nd Quarter) of 2008-09.

Ufone

The company commenced its operations, under the brand name of Ufone, from Islamabad on

January 29, 2001. As a consequence ofPTCLs privatization, 26% of its shares were acquired by

Emirates Telecommunication Corporation (Etisalat). Being part of PTCL, the management of Ufone

has also been handed over to Etisalat. Ufone has network coverage in more than 5885 locations and

across all major highways of the country. Ufone currently caters for International Roaming to more

than 230 live operators in more than 130 countries. GPRS Roaming facility is available with more

than 115 Live Operators across 85 countries. The company has also been awarded a new License for

providing cellular services in Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Northern Areas. It has a subscriber base

of 19.4 million. TQR reports that Ufone made an investment of $3.2 million in Q1 and $72 million in

Q2 of 2008-09.

Telenor
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Telenor Pakistan is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Telenor Norway. On 14 April 2004, Telenor was

awarded a GSM license to build and operate a mobile network in Pakistan. On 15 March 2005, a full

multimedia platform for commercial mobile services was launched under the name of Telenor

Pakistan. As at 01 January 2008, Telenor Pakistan had 19.8 million mobile subscriptions. TQR

reports that Telenor made an investment of $83.8 million in Q1 and $233 million in Q2 of 2008-09.Warid

Warid Telecom is a joint venture between Abu Dhabi Group & SingTel Group. Abu Dhabi Group

entered into a strategic alliance with Singapore Telecom. Subsequent to this transaction in July

2007, telecom giant SingTel acquired 30% percent equity stake in Warid Telecom, Pakistan, for

US$758 million. Warid Telecom (Pvt.) Ltd. has confirmed the injection of $250million equity by its

joint shareholders Abu Dhabi Group and SingTel. Warid has aggressively penetrated the Pakistan

mobile communication services market with huge capital expenditure, which has enabled it to

capture market share of 18.8% (as of Dec 08) and coverage in over 450 cities and 7200 towns across

Pakistan. Warid is providing voice and data communication services through its premier GSM and

GPRS/EDGE network with the best voice clarity and connectivity since May 2005. Warid has a

subscriber base of 17.2 million. TQR reports that Warid made an investment of $124 million in the

Q1 of 2008-09.

Zong

China Mobile Pakistan (CM-Pak) is a 100% subsidiary of China Mobile. The pioneering overseas set

up of China Mobile came through acquisition of a license from Millicom to operate a GSM network in

Pakistan. In February 2007, Paktel was acquired by China Mobile Communications Corporation

(China Mobile), for US$ 450 million, and which has aggressive development plans for the Pakistani

telecoms market. CM-Pak has invested more than US$ 700 million in the telecom sector in Pakistan

and an additional US$ 800 million will be invested till the end of year 2008. CM-Paks edge comes

from the experience and expertise of running theworlds largest telecom service China Mobile in

China which is theworlds largest telecom operator, having a customer base of over 300 million

customers, its network routes 700 million text messages every day and handles 250 million calls

every hour. CM-Pak is geared to offer neatly packaged VAS products that will benefit the individuals,

corporate as well as small businesses. Led by a team of professionals from the field of cellular

communication, CM-Pak already has a subscriber base of 5.97 million.

ACHIEVEMENTS(i) In 2008 Pakistan was the world

s third fastest growing telecommunications market

(ii) Pakistan traffic volume grew by 253 percent

compared to last year during the same period

(iii) Fixed-line subscriptions declined from a peak of
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5.2 million in 2005-06 to 3.4 million in 2009-10

CONTRIBUTION TO GDP(i) 5% of its Gross Domestic Product

(ii) It has created 220,000 high-paying jobs in Pakistan

(iii) Pakistan is now a leader in mobile usage in south Asia

GLASS INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTIONNatural glass, known as obsidian, was widely utilised by prehistoric man, and glass

has been made by people for approximately 9000 years. It was first known to be

developed in the Middle East around 7000BC, and glass bottles were made in Egypt

in 1500BC. By the Rennaissance, coloured glass, crystal and mirrors had all been

developed and were being made in Venice. Glass has been manufactured in New

Zealand since 1870, and continues to be widely used despite the increase in usage

of metal and plastic products for containers and windows. It retains its popularity

because of its versatility, relative cheapness, and, in an age of depleting resources,

its recyclability. Glass has two important properties. Firstly it does not have a definite

melting point but softens gradually over a range of temperatures. Secondly it does

not cleave in a plane face like diamond or table salt. The explanation of both these

properties lies in the fact that glass has no ordered structure, but is instead a

supercooled liquid. A sheet of glass left to stand for a long time, perhaps one

hundred years, will actually flow and change its dimensions slightlyThe glass industry

in Pakistan, though developed, still has space for improvement.There are about 37

glassworks in the organized sector, with the production capacity ranging between 10

tonnes and 200 tonnes per day.


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EXPLANATION

Glass is produced in a two step process, and then shaped to make it suitable for a variety of

applications.

Step 1 - Batch mixing

The mixture of ingredients to make up the glass (silica, Na2CO3, CaCO3 and recycled

glass, together with small quantities of various other minor ingredients) are mixed in a

rotary mixer to ensure an even mix of ingredients and fed into the furnace.

Step 2 - Batch melting.The mixture is heated to 1500-1550o

C, where the ingredients melt, various chemical reactions take place and CO2 and SO3 are evolved.

Shaping plate glass ;

The molten glass is cooled to 1000o C in a drawing canal, and then drawn up a tower (the drawing

tower) where it is pressed into the desired width and thickness, and cools to

280oC. Individual plates of glass are snapped off at the top of the tower and further cooled

before being put into storage ready for sale.

Molding glass containers:

Here molten glass is channeled off in forehearths (heated channels) where it is slowly cooled to

tempertaures of 1100 - 1150oC to increase its viscosity. Precisely weighed slugs of glass are cut off,

molded with compressed air, cooled slowly in annealing lehrs (special ovens) and coated with a

special spray to prevent scratching.

GLASS INDUSTRIES IN PAKSITAN

Glass industry in Pakistan comprises sixteen manufacturers in the organised sector which

produces over 90 per cent of the indigenous production within the country.

The major ceramics industry are Karam Ceramics, Swat Ceramics, Master Tiles, Shabbir Tiles

and Emco Industries.


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GDP CONTRIBUTION

(i) Punjab 73%

(ii) Sindh 15%

(iii) Balochistan 3%

(iv) Khayber Pakhtoon khuwa 19%

IMPORTS & EXPORTS

(i) The industry consists of small, medium and large corporations involved in the

manufacturing of the ceramics

(ii) (PAGMA) Pakistan exported glass products worth Rs 60 million to Rs 120 million per

annum during 2005-2010

(iii) imports of various glass from Rs 975 million to Rs 1,782 million, during last five years

83%. increase

CEMENT INDUSTRY

DEINITION & EXPLANATION

Cement industry is one of most prominent and energetic organization having operations and

interactions with cement industry

EXPLANATION

In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and

can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to theRomans, who used the termopuscaementiciumto describemasonryresembling modernconcretethat was made from crushed rock with burntlimeas

binder. Thevolcanic ashand pulverizedbrickadditives that were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder

were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cment and cement.

Cement used in construction is characterized as hydraulic ornon-hydraulic. Hydraulic cements (e.g.,Portland

cement) harden because of hydration, chemical reactions that occur independently of the mixture's water content;

they can harden even underwater or when constantly exposed to wet weather. The chemical reaction that results

when the anhydrous cement powder is mixed with water produces hydrates that are not water-soluble. Non-hydraulic

cements (e.g., lime andgypsumplaster) must be kept dry in order to retain their strength.

The most important use of cement is the production ofmortarand concretethe bonding of natural or

artificialaggregatesto form a strong building material that is durable in the face of normal environmental effects.

Concreteshould not be confused with cement, because the term cementrefers to the material used to bind the

aggregate materials of concrete. Concrete is a combination of a cement and aggregate.

ACIEVEMENTS

(i) Pakistan is ranked 5th in the worlds cement exports
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_caementiciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_caementiciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_caementiciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_caementiciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_caementiciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_caementiciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome


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(ii) Pakistan exports increased by 47% in last fiscal year.

(iii) Pakistan is at 5th position leaving Germany behind in cement industry

(iv) In 2008-09 production of cment was 20.28 mt

(v) Exported $700m in past year

Cement Companies in Pakistan

23 cement companies

4 foreign companies

3 controlled by the armed force

19 companies are listed on the stock exchange.

GDP CONTRIBUTION

Cement industry is contributing 3.5% in the countrys GDP

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

DEFINITION

the business of producing and selling self-powered vehicles, including passenger

cars, trucks, farm equipment, and other commercial vehicles.

EXPLANATION.

TheAutomobile industryhas been an active and growing field inPakistanfor a long time, howevernot as much established to figure in the prominent list of the top automotive industries. Despitesignificant production volumes, transfer of technology and localization of vehicle componentsremains low. Most cars in the country have dual fuel options and run onCNGwhich is moreaffordable and cheaper thanpetrolin the country.

According to Ministry of Industries Pakistan produced its first vehicle in 1953, at the NationalMotors Limited, established in Karachi to assemble Bedford Trucks. Subsequently buses, lighttrucks and cars were assembled in the same plant. The industry was highly regulated until the

early 1990s. After deregulation major Japanese manufacturers entered in the market therebycreating some competition in this sector. Assemblers of HINO Trucks, Suzuki Cars (1984),Mazda Trucks, Toyota (1993) and Honda (1994) in particular, entered once deregulation wasintroduced. Assembly of Daihatsu and Hyundai cars (1999) and various brands of LCVs andrange of mini-trucks commenced recently.

From 1953 to 2011 the journey of auto industry has been rough, tough and sometime verysmooth. Car industry saw boom in 2006-2007 when sales touched record peak of 180,834thanks to rising car financing up to 70-80 per cent by banks due to low interest rates and rising
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rural buying. Since then the industry has been surviving hard to reach the same sales level amidhigh interest rates and Yen appreciation against the rupee but high farm income is giving muchsupport to car sales. Good crops this year will keep the car sales brisk despite increase inprices.

The car industry has invested over Rs 20 billion in the last four to five years to meet growing

demand. The direct employment in car industry hovers between 5,500-6,000persons.Motorcycle production hit the countrys record level of over 1.5 million units in 2010-2011 by the effort of Pervaiz Musharraf Governments decision that opened bike market to lowcost Chinese bikes. Auto sector now employs 192,000 people directly and around 1.2 millionindirectly and has Rs 98 billion of investments and contributes Rs 63 billion as indirect tax in thenational exchequer.

Auto Sector remains the second largest payer of indirect taxes after the Petroleum Sector. InPakistan's context there are 10 cars in 1,000 persons which is one of the lowest in the emergingeconomies which itself speaks of high potential of growth in the auto sector and more so in thecar production. Rising per capita income with changing demographic distribution and ananticipated influx of 30 to 40 million young people in the economically active workforce in thenext few years provides a stimulus to the industry to expand and grow. (Source AUTOMARK

Magazine)

Automotive Industry Products

List of currently assembled passenger vehicles (incomplete):

Honda Civic(The international current generation Honda Civic with a 1.8 liter iVTECengine)

Honda City(The international current generation Honda City with a 1.3 litre iVTEC engine)

Toyota Corolla(The international current generation Toyota Corolla with a 1.3 VVT or 1.6

liter Dual-VVT engine) Suzuki Swift(A variant of the 2004-2010 international Suzuki Swift)

Suzuki Mehran(A very basic version of the Suzuki Alto CA71, with a 796 cc engine. As of2011, the car still has a carburetor based engine.)

Suzuki Alto(The Suzuki Alto HA12 chassis fitted with a 1982-1984 Suzuki SJ410 970 ccengine. As of 2010, the Paksuzuki Alto still has a carburetor based engine.)

Suzuki Cultus(A basic version of globally retired Suzuki Cultus Generation 2 with a 993 ccengine.)

Suzuki Ravi(Pick-up version of the Suzuki Super Carry with a late 1970s era carburetorbased 796 cc engine.)

Suzuki Bolan(Van version of the Suzuki Super Carry with a late 1970s era carburetorbased 796 cc engine.)

Suzuki Liana(The Suzuki liana sedan with 1.3 litre engines with manual transmission only.Since 2007, Pakistan is the only place left where the Liana is being made and sold.)

Nissan Sunny

Diahatsu Cuore
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Contribution to GDP

Automobile Industrys Contribution to GDP is 5.8% in 2011. Automotive engineering is a driving force of large scale manufacturing,

contributing US$ 3.6 billion to the national economy and engaging over 192,000

people in direct employment.

FERTILIZER INDUSTRY

Fertilizeris any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin (other

than liming materials) that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients

essential to the growth of plants.

EXPLANATION

The fertilizer sector in Pakistan currently comprises of 10 companies 4 of which are in the public sector(Hazara Phosphate Fertilizer (Pvt) Limited, Lyallpur Chemical & Fertilizer Limited, Pak Arab FertilizerLimited, and Pak American Fertilizers Limited) while 6 are in the private sector (Engro ChemicalsPakistan Limited, Dawood Hercules Chemicals Limited, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited and FFC-JordanFertilizer Company Limited, Pak China Fertilizer and Pak Saudi Fertilizer Company Limited now ownedby FFC).

Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited (FFC) is the largest fertilizer manufacturer in the country with a designedproduction capacity of 1,887 thousand tonnes of urea (including the production capacity of Pak SaudiFertilizer).

Fertilizer production is concentrated in nitrogenous fertilizers, which comprise 85% of all fertilizersproduced in the country. Although other types of fertilizers are also produced in Pakistan, the bulk ofwhose demand is imported. The main reason for this concentration on nitrogenous fertilizers is that itsmain raw materials i.e. natural gas, is cheaply available in the country. The raw material for otherfertilizers such as potassium and phosphate has to be imported and thus local manufacturing is noteconomically viable as demonstrated by Fauji Jordan's problems.

Fertilizing Products


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(i) Urea

(ii) DAP

(iii) NP

(iv) SSP

(v) CAN

(vi) Others

Major Fertilizer Cos

Engro Vopak Terminal Limited

Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited

Fcc - Jordan Fertilizer Co. Ltd.

Jaffer Brothers (Pvt) Ltd.

Sakhi Dattar Fertilizer & Seed Store Var

SUGAR INDUSTRY

At the time of independence in 1947, there were only two sugar factories in Pakistan.At present there

are 84 sugar mills operating in Pakistan.It is the 2nd Largest industry in Pakistan after Textile Industry.

EXPLANATION

Sugaris a term for a class of ediblecrystallinecarbohydrates, mainlysucrose,lactose, andfructose,[1]

characterized by

asweetflavor. Infood, sugars refer to all monosaccharides and disaccharides present in food, but excludespolyols,[2]

while

in its singular form, sugar normally refers to sucrose, which in its fully refined (or free sugar) form primarily comes fromsugar

caneandsugar beet, though is present in natural form in many carbohydrates. Other free sugars are used in industrial food

preparation, but are usually known by more specific namesglucose,fructoseor fruit sugar,high fructose corn syrup, etc

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS

Some studies involving the health impact of sugars are effectively inconclusive. The WHO and FAO meta studies have

shown directly contrasting impacts of sugar in refined and unrefined forms[17]

and since most studies do not use a

population who are not consuming any "free sugars" at all, the baseline is effectively flawed (or as the report puts it, thestudies are "limited"). Hence there are articles such asConsumer Reportson Health that said in 2008, "Some of the

supposed dietary dangers of sugar have been overblown. Many studies have debunked the idea that i t causes hyperactivity,

for example."[18]

though the article does continue to discuss other health impacts of sugar. Other articles and studies refer to

the increasing evidence supporting the links to hyperactivity.[19]

The WHO FAO meta-study suggests that such results are

expected when some studies do not effectively segregating or controlling for free sugars as opposed to sugars still in their

natural form (entirely unrefined) while others do.
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ACHIEVEMENTS

(i) total of 84 sugar mills in the country

(ii) Sugarcane acreage in Pakistan is 5th in the World and it is grown on over 1 million hectares

(iii) Pakistan ranks 15th in the World for sugarcane production

(iv) GDP contribution (0.7%)

(v) Employment(1million)

(vi) PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (26kg)

SUGAR BY-PRODUCTS

(i) Alcohol(by the pharmaceutical company)

(ii) Ethanol(as a fuel)

SUGAR INDUSTRY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS

For the last three years the sugar industry in Pakistan and specially in Sindh is facing an unprecedented

crisis. This crisis has affected the three factors of production, raw material suppliers, employees and

owners equally.

The growers complain of not getting price which they

demand, delay in payment, employees are not getting

the benefits which they used to get and shareholders

equity has eroded and converted into negative.

Liquidity problem being faced by the mills is so acute

that in most of the cases, the mills are unable to clear

their legal liabilities.The banks are reluctant to

advance to the sugar mills in view of the general

situation. Why all this happened to an industry working satisfactorily till 3 years back and what are the

reasons?

In previous articles on the subject by me, I gave various reasons of this crisis which include higher cost of

production due to higher prices of raw materials, depressed international prices, excessive imports during

the year 2000-2001, demand and supply factors and dual policy in fixation of cane price in Sindh and

Punjab.

There is no doubt the growers will like to get maximum return from their product. However, it has to be

related with the price of finished product.For the last three years the mills have been selling sugar below

cost of production due to market situation whereas the government is fixing cane prices without linking

with sugar price.

Moreover, there is a difference in cane price of Rs 3 per 40 kgs between Punjab and Sindh making sugar

production in Sindh more costly. The mills in Sindh are also required to pay quality premium @ 50 paisas


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per point one increase from base recovery of 8.70% whereas such payment is not applicable in Punjab.

The cost of raw materials per ton of sugar in Sindh at 8.70% recovery at Rs 43 per 40 kgs cane price

works out to Rs 12,356 whereas in Punjab it works out to Rs 11,765, making sugar in Sindh costlier by Rs

591 per ton.

The sugar market in Punjab and Sindh mills have to bear transport and transit expenses but the former

fetch lesser price of their product as compared to the Punjab mills.

This is a serious problem and the government of Sindh has to see the logic instead of insisting on

establishing its writ.Immediate solution of the problem is; The government of Sindh should fix cane price

on the basis of sugar price but in any case not higher than Punjab.The sugar industry at its own should

export 500,000 tons of sugar to fill the demand/supply gap and to stabilise market.

The government should consider high rate of sales tax on food items, especially in view that it is resulting

in miseries both for the mills and the growers.Long-term measures could also be suggested. However,

this is the time when the patient is to be taken out from coma and vitamins could be suggested later on.

LEATHER INDUSTRY

The leather made ups and finishing industries symbolize an important division in Pakistan, earning

approximately more than five million US dollars as a foreign exchange earnings to the country.

EXPLANATION

Leather can be made from cows, pigs, goats, and sheep; exotic animals such as alligators, ostriches, and kangaroos; and even

dogs and cats, who are slaughtered for their meat and skin in China, which exports their skins around the world. Because leather is

normally not labeled, you never really know where (or whom) it came from.

Most leather comes from developing countries such asIndiaand China, where animal welfare laws are either non-existent or not

enforced. In India, a PETA investigation found that workers break cows' tails and rub chili peppers and tobacco into their eyes in

order to force them to get up and walk after they collapse from exhaustion on the way to the slaughterhouse.

In the U.S., many of the millions of cows and other animals who are killed for their skin endure the horrors of factory farming

extreme crowding and deprivation as well as castration, branding, tail-docking, and dehorningall without any painkillers. At

slaughterhouses, animals routinely have their throats cut and are skinned and dismembered while they are still conscious.

Buying leather directly contributes to factory farms and slaughterhouses because skin is the most economically important byproduct

of the meat industry. Leather is also no friend of the environment, as it shares responsibility for all the environmental destruction

caused by the meat industry as well as the pollution caused by the toxins used in tanning.
http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/global-leather-trade.aspxhttp://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/global-leather-trade.aspxhttp://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/global-leather-trade.aspxhttp://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/global-leather-trade.aspx


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With every pair of leather shoes that you buy, you sentence an animal to a lifetime of suffering. Instead, you can choose from

hundreds of styles of nonleather shoes, clothing, belts, bags, and wallets.

Leather products:

Leather Garments Leather Goods

Leather Gloves Leather All Sorts

Leather Tanning Machines Leather Jackets

Leather Garment Accessories Artificial Leather

Leather Bags Leather Materials

Leather Products Leather Belts
http://pakbiz.com/Leather-Garments_SID142.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Garments_SID142.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Goods_SID391.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Goods_SID391.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Gloves_SID390.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Gloves_SID390.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-All-Sorts_SID386.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-All-Sorts_SID386.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Tanning-Machines_SID145.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Tanning-Machines_SID145.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Jackets_SID392.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Jackets_SID392.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Garment-Accessories_SID389.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Garment-Accessories_SID389.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Artificial-Leather_SID384.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Artificial-Leather_SID384.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Bags_SID387.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Bags_SID387.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Materials_SID143.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Materials_SID143.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Products_SID144.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Products_SID144.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Belts_SID388.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Belts_SID388.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Belts_SID388.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Products_SID144.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Materials_SID143.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Bags_SID387.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Artificial-Leather_SID384.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Garment-Accessories_SID389.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Jackets_SID392.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Tanning-Machines_SID145.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-All-Sorts_SID386.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Gloves_SID390.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Goods_SID391.htmlhttp://pakbiz.com/Leather-Garments_SID142.html


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PRODUCTION CAPACITY

Production Cpacity Production

Tanned Leather 90 million ft2 60 million ft2

Leather Garments 7 million pieces 5 million pieces

Leather Gloves 10 million pairs 5 million pairs

Leather Footwear 200 million pairs 100 million pairs

The difference in production capacity and present capacity is

due to various reasons.

Source: Pakistan Tanners Association

EXPORT MARKET

Major export markets of Pakistani leather are:

Italy, Spain, Portugal, South Korea, Germany,

France, UK, USA and UAE.

STATISTICS


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(i) more than 2300 leather processing units

(ii) provide employment to about 500,000 people

SURGICAL INDUSTRY

PAKISTAN SURGICAL INDUSTRIES (PVT) LIMITED was established in 1974 and now has become one of

the leading manufacturers of Surgical, Dental & Beauty Care Instruments in the world

EXPLANATION & HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

From historical viewpoint manufacturing of surgical instrument started at the turn of the 19th

century when the doctors of American Mission Hospital Sialkot had given some Scalpels and other

used instruments to the artisan of community of black smiths who had the skill of making swords

and knives, so the hands which were making lethal items started to make life saving instruments.

To institutionalize the local expertise of surgical instruments and provide common facilities to the

manufactures, the British Government established the metal industry development centre (MIDC)

in 1941. This centre helped the industry to shift basic metal products to precision surgical

instrument manufacturing.

In 1958 the Surgical Instrument Manufacturing Association of Pakistan was incorporated which

safe guarded the interests of the industry. The Surgical Association since than is regularly playing

a central roll in addressing issues at the Government level, nominating trade delegations and


29/41

participants for trade fairs and exhibitions, handling inter-industry issues and representing the

industry at various local and international forums.

Surgical association has 3000 members firms and about 500000 peoples directly or indirectly are

getting benefits from this industry. From the surgical industry we are earning about 225 million

U$ dollar (this is according to the report of the financial year 2009 -2010).

In Sialkot over Five thousand different medical instruments, covering all section of surgery such

as electro medical instruments micro surgery instruments, Cardiovascular, endoscope,

Gynecological, ENT, Respiratory AID Orthopedic instruments, Hollowware,Strategy Working Group

Surgical Instruments and Medical Devices Sector

Overview SWOT Recommendations Targets

Anesthesia Products, Hospital Furniture, Dental Instruments, Veterinary Instruments, Beauty

Care and Beauty Saloon Instruments are produced and exported all over the world.

In 1994 the industry has to face a ban on imports of surgical instruments from Pakistan by US

authority Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This ban forced the industry to improve its

manufacturing and management systems. Now with the result of this ban every industry has

acquire ISO Certification, secondly, a material testing laboratory was established in joint

collaboration with TDAP where material is tested according to international standard.

Improving the perception and market value of all types of instruments being Manufactured in

Pakistan should be on top of our agenda. If you analyze the export figures, the volume of

instruments has consistently gone up but value wise it has come down.

Further, we must also note that the US Dollar has become stronger by over 30% in last 4 years

and so actually our instruments have depreciated in value. We may be getting more Rupees, but

definitely lower in Dollar terms. This is not a good sign.

We must change the cheap perception of our products and also learn to stop competing ruthlessly

among ourselves. This type of attitude will not help to build an industry. We must have a long

term plan, which includes all stake holders, both government and private sector, to plan to


30/41

completely overhaul the whole industry in the next 5 years. This will not only bring ample jobs to

Sialkot and the vicinity, it will greatly enhance our exports.

I suggest, make a team of 10 to 15 major stake holders and come up with an 'out of the box

plan that will totally change the face of this industry.Production Flow Chart

Strategy Working Group Surgical Instruments and Medical Devices Sector

Overview SWOT Recommendations Targets

MATERIAL INSPECTION

BLANKING

RING PUNCHING

MILLING OF MALE FEMALE RATCHETS

POLISHING

CHECKING

PICKLING

STORE CUTTING

FORGING

COLD STAMPING

FILING

ELECTRO POLISHING PASSIVATION

FINAL BUFFING ULTRASONIC CLEANING

MALE GRINDING

ANNEALING STRESS RELIEVING

ANNEALING

HEAT TREATMENT

BUFFING

STAMPING


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SAND BLASTING

TRIMMING

SHOT BLASTING

HARDNESS TESTING

ULTRA SONIC CLEANING

PACKING

FIXING

MATERIAL PROCUREMENTDisposable Instruments

Re-usable Instruments

Advanced Devices

STRENGTHS

3rd Generation Industry

roduction systems

WEAKNESSES

-tech, low quality, low value products


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THREATS

nologies replacing conventional ones

Poland, China)

ngement of IPR

RECOMMENDATIONS

tax refunds. The process for refunding should be accelerated.


33/41

TARGETS

ersification due to close collaboration with end user

SURGICAL PRODUCTS

Surgical Instruments

Artery Forceps Diagnostic Instruments Ear Instruments Eye Instruments Gall Bladder Instruments Gynecological Instruments Intestinal Instruments Kidney Instruments Nasal Instruments Needle Holders Obstetrics Instruments Oral & Tonsil Instruments Orthopedic Instruments

Probes & Directors Retractors Saws & Plaster Instruments Scalpers & Operating Knives Scissors Sinus & Dressing Forceps Splinter Forceps Sterilizer Instruments Suture Instruments Thoracic & Lung Surgery Thumb Dressing & Tissue Forceps Towel Holding Forceps Tracheotomy Instruments

Dental Instruments

EnglishPattern

Tooth Extracting Forceps
http://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/af.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/af.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/di.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/di.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/earinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/earinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/eyeinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/eyeinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/gbi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/gbi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/gi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/gi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ii.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ii.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ki.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ki.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ni.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ni.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/nh.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/nh.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/obstinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/obstinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/oti.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/oti.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/orthinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/orthinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/pd.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/pd.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/rtrctrs.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/rtrctrs.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/spi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/spi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sok.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sok.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/scissors.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/scissors.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sdf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sdf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sterinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sterinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sutinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sutinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/tls.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/tls.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/tdtf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/tdtf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/thf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/thf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ti.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ti.htmhttp://www.zonadent.com/extracting_forceps_english_pattern1.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/extracting_forceps_english_pattern1.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/extracting_forceps_english_pattern1.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/extracting_forceps_english_pattern1.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_for_children13.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_for_children13.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_for_children13.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/extracting_forceps_english_pattern1.htmlhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ti.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/thf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/tdtf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/tls.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sutinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sterinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sdf.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/scissors.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/sok.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/spi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/rtrctrs.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/pd.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/orthinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/oti.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/obstinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/nh.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ni.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ki.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/ii.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/gi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/gbi.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/eyeinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/earinst.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/di.htmhttp://www.gtamart.com/mart/products/surginst/af.htm


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For Children

Tooth Extracting Forceps

American Pattern

Root Splinter Forceps

Bone Rongeurs

Root Elevators

Pliers For Orthodontics

Orthodontic Instruments

Dental Scissors

Haemostatic Forceps

Sponge & Dressing Forceps

Needle Holders

Towel Clamps

Skin Hook & Retractors

Retractors

Cheek Retractors

Elevators

Chisel & Gouges

Rubber Dam Instruments

Tissue Pliers

Cotton & Dressing Pliers

Mouth Mirrors & Handles
http://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_for_children13.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_for_children13.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_american_pattern14.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_american_pattern14.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_american_pattern14.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/root_splinter_forceps.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/root_splinter_forceps.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_rongeurs.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_rongeurs.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/root_elevators21.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/root_elevators21.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/pliers_for_orthodontics28.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/pliers_for_orthodontics28.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/orthodontic_instruments32.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/orthodontic_instruments32.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/dental_scissors34.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/dental_scissors34.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/haemostatic_forceps38.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/haemostatic_forceps38.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/sponge_&_dressing_forceps40.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/sponge_&_dressing_forceps40.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/needle_holders41.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/needle_holders41.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/towel_clamps43.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/skin_hook_&_retractors44.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/skin_hook_&_retractors44.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/retractors45.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/retractors45.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cheek_retractors47.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cheek_retractors47.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/elevators48.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/elevators48.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/chisel_&_gouges51.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/chisel_&_gouges51.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/rubber_dam_instruments52.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/rubber_dam_instruments52.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tissue_pliers53.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tissue_pliers53.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cotton_&_dressing_pliers54.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cotton_&_dressing_pliers54.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/mouth_mirrors_&_handles55.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/mouth_mirrors_&_handles55.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/mouth_mirrors_&_handles55.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cotton_&_dressing_pliers54.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tissue_pliers53.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/rubber_dam_instruments52.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/chisel_&_gouges51.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/elevators48.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cheek_retractors47.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/retractors45.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/skin_hook_&_retractors44.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/towel_clamps43.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/needle_holders41.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/sponge_&_dressing_forceps40.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/haemostatic_forceps38.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/dental_scissors34.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/orthodontic_instruments32.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/pliers_for_orthodontics28.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/root_elevators21.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_rongeurs.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/root_splinter_forceps.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_american_pattern14.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_american_pattern14.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/tooth_extracting_forceps_for_children13.html


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Scalpel Handles

Handles Reference Guide

Endodontic Instruments

Periodontal Pocket Probes

Explorers

Filling Instruments

Plastic Filling Instruments

Amalgam Carvers

Cavity Preparation Inst

Excavators

Periodontia Instruments

Bone Files

Bone Curettes

Periodontia Instruments

Gracey Curettes

Scalers

Cement Spatulas

Wax & Modelling Carvers

Wax Knives

Plaster Spatulas

Amalgam Carriers

Dental Cartridge Syringes
http://www.zonadent.com/scalpel_handles56.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/scalpel_handles56.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/handles_reference_guide57.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/handles_reference_guide57.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/endodontis_instruments58.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/endodontis_instruments58.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontal_pocket_probes59.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontal_pocket_probes59.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/explorers60.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/explorers60.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/filling_instruments62.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/plastic_filling_instruments66.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/plastic_filling_instruments66.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/amalgam_carvers67.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/amalgam_carvers67.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cavity_preparation_inst68.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cavity_preparation_inst68.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/excavators69.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontia_instruments72.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontia_instruments72.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_files73.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_curettes75.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_curettes75.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontia_Instruments76.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontia_Instruments76.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/gracey_curettes78.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/gracey_curettes78.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/scalers79.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/scalers79.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cement_spatulas82.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cement_spatulas82.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/wax_&_modelling_carvers83.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/wax_&_modelling_carvers83.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/wax_knives86.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/wax_knives86.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/plaster_spatulas87.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/plaster_spatulas87.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/amalgam_carriers88.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/amalgam_carriers88.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/dental_cartridge_syringes89.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/dental_cartridge_syringes89.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/dental_cartridge_syringes89.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/amalgam_carriers88.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/plaster_spatulas87.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/wax_knives86.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/wax_&_modelling_carvers83.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cement_spatulas82.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/scalers79.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/gracey_curettes78.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontia_Instruments76.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_curettes75.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/bone_files73.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontia_instruments72.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/excavators69.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/cavity_preparation_inst68.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/amalgam_carvers67.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/plastic_filling_instruments66.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/filling_instruments62.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/explorers60.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/periodontal_pocket_probes59.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/endodontis_instruments58.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/handles_reference_guide57.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/scalpel_handles56.html


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Napkin & Film Holders

Matrix Retainers

Crown Instruments

Impression Trays

Instrument Trays

Holloware

Rubber Dam Clamps

Orthodontic Pliers

Articulators

Beauty Instruments

SCISSORS

NAIL NIPPERS

TWEEZERS

DRYER

Contribution of Surgical Instruments Industry to National Economy

Indicator Value

To GDP(%) 0.42%

To Direct Employment (Numbers) 400-500,000

To Indirect Employment (Numbers) 600-,750000

To Exports (%) 1.21%
http://www.zonadent.com/napkin_&_film_holders90.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/napkin_&_film_holders90.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/matrix_retainers91.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/matrix_retainers91.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/crown_instruments92.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/crown_instruments92.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/impression_trays95.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/impression_trays95.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/instrument_trays102.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/instrument_trays102.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/holloware103.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/holloware103.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/rubber_dam_clamps105.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/orthodontic_pliers106.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/orthodontic_pliers106.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/articulators108.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/articulators108.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/articulators108.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/orthodontic_pliers106.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/rubber_dam_clamps105.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/holloware103.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/instrument_trays102.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/impression_trays95.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/crown_instruments92.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/matrix_retainers91.htmlhttp://www.zonadent.com/napkin_&_film_holders90.html


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Surgical Industry Statistics

Over 99% of the countries production is centered at Sialkot

The sector comprises over 2300 companies

Produces on average over 150m pieces/year worth Rs 22 billion

Out of the total productionover 95% is exported

Problems of Pakistan industry

1. Power shortage

2. Lack of trained manpower

3. . Lack of proper infrastructure

4. Inefficiecny

5. Lack of products innovation resulting in concentration of industries in some specific

sectors

6. Changing political and economic policies

7. Bad law and order situation resulting in lower investment in industries

8. Corruption in related government agencies and so many govt. agencies intervention

9. Higher interest rate

10.Labor Unrest

11.Gap between targets and achievements

12.Under-utilisation capacity:

13.Concentration of economic power:

14.Elite-oriented consumption

15.Performance of public sector

16.Growth of regional imbalances:

Severe electricity load shedding and disconnection of Sui Gas supply for industries in winter

season is the biggest problem faced by SME sector in the country. Small and medium size

manufacturing units are badly affected to the power crises as they do not have alternative


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resources as corporate sector have, like their own power generation houses. Due to power crises

prevailing for last many years, unemployment in the country has also increased to considerable

extent. In majority of sectors work force/labour works on daily wages basis and in constantpower break downs they are deprived of even basic necessities of life which is least desirable in

any civiliz

industrial sector(hard copy)

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