Industrial Revolution

Opening Activity 2

1.What do you see in the picture?

2.Where do you think the picture was taken?

3.What do you think is causing all this to happen?

OA 3

1. Would you want to work in a factory? Why or why not?

2. What are some dangers or benefits of working in a factory?

Industrial Revolution• Rural – Farming• Urban – City • Industry – production of a good

(factories/manufacturing) • Industrial Revolution – Society’s

transformation due to advances in manufacturing, led to changes in living as well as working.–Rural to Urban

Industrial Revolution• Great Britain was the first to industrialize (mid to

late 1700s)•Why? Three factors of production

• Land•Farmland, timber, coal, iron ore, oil

• Labor•Population Boom of Workers•Enclosure Movement•Crop rotation (more food)

• Capital• ($) for investment from banks

Causes:1. Agricultural Revolution – improvements of farming methods and farming tools

– Mixing Soil– Crop Rotation– Seed Drill– Enclosure

• Any benefits?

2. Population Increase1550 3.0 Million

1650 5.2 Million

1800 8 Million

1851 16.7 Million

Advances in Agriculture and medical advances lead to population increase

3. Advances in Technology/manufacturing

– New Inventions!• Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin

– It made cotton production more efficient (faster)

– It improved the textile Industry • James Watt – Improved the

Steam Engine – Utilize Coal– Engines for trains and powered

factories– Benefits?

OA 4 Video Notes

• Worst Jobs in History: Victorian Era– List the jobs mentioned in the video– Provide interesting facts about each job

OA 5 Page 297

1. Geography Skills Question 1 and 22. Which countries made up the advanced

industrialized core?

Societal Changes• Urbanization• Poor Living / Working Conditions• Population explosion• The emergence of the new Middle

Class • Extended work day• The child worker• The epidemic• pollution

Urbanization“Urban” – Cities “…zation” – process• Urbanization : Movement of people to cities

– Growth of industry (factories) – need workers– Needed laborers in the mines – coal and metal

New Social Classes• Middle Class “Bourgeoisie”

– Gained success and wealth through investing in industry.

– Upper Middle Class• Industrial working class

– Poor– Tenements – multistory

buildings divided into small apartments

– Slums – disease, lack of sewage, and waste systems

Poor Working and Living Conditions• Poor working conditions – Dangerous health

hazardous working conditions– Industrial workers worked 12-16 hrs a day– No job security or minimum wage– Mining , crowded rooms, dangerous machinery

• Child labor – Children were paid less and they worked under dangerous working conditions

• Increase in poverty and crime within the cities• Many lived in slums, unsanitary, and disease

ridden homes

New Ideas• Capitalism

– Little or no gov. regulation of economy– Allow businesses and market to decide on

prices– Laissez-Faire Economics – Adam Smith

• Socialism – People as a whole (collectively) owns and

operate means of production – No private property

New Ideas

• Communism– Type of socialism – Karl Marx– Capitalism creates inequality – Bourgeoisie – Middle class “Haves” vs– Proletariat – working class “have-nots” will win– Struggle Classless Society– Power and wealth would be shared equally

People Organize1. The Union Movement• Collective bargaining – employees band

together to negotiate with employers.• Strikes – members of the union stopped

working to pressure employers to make certain demands – Purpose was to improve working conditions

and create reform laws

People Organize2. Slaves fought for freedom3. Women fight for equality -- 1840’s & 1850’s women fought for suffrage—rights to vote4. Education for children – Public school systems were made to protect children from child labor

Historical Headlines of Second Industrial Revolution!

• Copy down each of the following headlines. • Beneath each headline, write a brief news

account of the event. (4-5 sentences)• Be sure to include historical evidence in your

news account. (names, events, movements)1. The Revolution of the Proletariat! (299)2. Demand for Suffrage! (307)3. We are the Union! Join us! (300)

Headline #1

Headline #2

Headline #3

OA 6 (321)

1. What is Social Darwinism?2. What did Herbert Spencer argue?3. Why did prominent businessmen like the

idea of Social Darwinism?

Social Darwinism

• Social Darwinism was influenced by the theory of natural selection from Charles Darwin– Organisms evolved through natural selection – survival of

the fittest– Applied Darwin’s idea into society

• In society people who were wealthy were the “fittest”

• People who were poor were the “weak”• Justified inequality and exploitation (taking

advantage of the poor) • Justify Racism and Imperialism