new empires in the americas chapter 2. bellringer: what do you observe about this picture? predict...

NEW EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS Chapter 2

BELLRINGER: WHAT DO YOU OBSERVE ABOUT THIS PICTURE? PREDICT WHAT YOU THINK IS HAPPENING IN THIS PICTURE.WHERE ARE THEY GOING? WHERE ARE THEY COMING FROM?

EUROPEANS SET SAIL• The Vikings were the first Europeans to make contact with North America

• They were skilled sailors who came from Scandinavia

• They developed a new style of ship called the longship. It curved up at both ends which allowed it to travel the rough North Atlantic seas better than earlier ships.

•The Vikings went in search of trade routes and sailed into the North Atlantic. They founded a settlement on the island of Iceland.

•More that 100 years after they settled on Iceland, Erik the Red left Iceland and settled on Greenland.

•Several years later, Leif Eriksson was travelling from Norway to Greenland when strong winds blew his ship off course and carried his to the North American coast.

EUROPEANS SET SAIL

EUROPEANS SET SAIL

Place the following events in the order they happened.

Eric the Red leaves Iceland and discovers GreenlandThe Vikings began sailing in longships in search of trade

routesLeif Eriksson gets blown off course and lands in North

AmericaThe Vikings sail the North Atlantic and landed in Iceland.

BELLRINGER 1. Which of the following statements about the Vikings is false?

A. The Vikings were the first Europeans to make contact with North America.B. Erik the Red founded Greenland.C. Vikings struggled with sailing an accidently landed on Iceland instead of Africa.

D. Leif Eriksson was blown off course and accidently landed on the North American coast.

2. Which of the following statement about Henry the Navigator are false?A. He built a school for navigation B. He built an observatoryC. He financed many voyages of exploration of the coast of AfricaD. He went on explorations along the coast of Africa.

EUROPEANS SET SAILReasons to Sail to Asia:

- Europeans wanted to be able to trade directly with Asia instead of having to trade with the merchants who had a monopoly on the items.

- Religion played a role in exploration. Christians in Europe wanted to convert more people to their faith.

- Many people had become interested in Asian culture. Many Europeans wanted to see more and learn more about Asian culture.

New Technologies:

Astrolabe – a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship’s location by charting the position of the stars.

Magnetic Compass – a device that uses a magnetic to determine which directions is north.

Caravels – new ships that used triangular sails instead of rectangular. The triangle sails allowed ships to sail against the wind.

EUROPEANS SET SAIL

Once Portugal had the money and technology needed to sail, they sent out their explorers looking for a route around Africa. Along the way, the explorers set up trading posts.

In 1488, Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias led an expedition from Portugal along the coast of Africa. A storm blew the ships around the southern tip which became known as the Cape of Good Hope. Dias wanted to continue the voyage but his men did not. They called off the voyage and returned to Portugal.

EUROPEANS SET SAIL

Later, King Manuel of Portugal sent another explorer, Vasco da Gama, on and expedition around the Cape of Good Hope. Da Gama left Portugal arrived in southwestern India. Portugal had won the European Race for a sea route to Asia.

EUROPEANS SET SAIL

With your group, create a Causes and Effects

organizer of the Discovery of a Sea

Route to Asia

EUROPEANS SET SAIL

BELLRINGER

True or False:

1.Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to sail all the way to

Asia.

2. A Caravel was used to determine which direction was north.

Read the quote of a sailor from the 1400s. Look Fors:

Clues that describe what conditions were like for sailors.

Formulated Response:What do you think the author of the quote is

saying about the conditions during expeditions?

EUROPEANS SET SAIL

https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/christophercolumbus/



BELLRINGER

1. Going on early expeditions was a relaxing experience.TrueFalse

2. All early explorers were from Spain.True False

EUROPEANS REACH THE AMERICAS

-Christopher Columbus was a sailor from Italy. He was convinced that if he sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean he would reach Asia.

- Columbus asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to pay for his voyage. In return, Columbus promised to bring them great riches, new territory, and many Catholic converts.

- It took several years to convince the King and Queen to pay for the voyage. Columbus was instructed to claim any new land for Spain.


- On August 3, 1492, Columbus sets sail. He took three ships: The Nina and Pinta were caravels. The Santa Maria was the largest.

- With 90 sailors on board and 1 year’s worth of supplies they set out on their voyage to Asia.


- After 1 month with no sight of land, the crew finally saw land in the distance. The ships landed on an islands in the Bahamas.

- Columbus thought he found a new route to Asia. At the time, Europeans called Asia the Indies. For this reason, Columbus called the native people he met Indians.

- After 3 months of exploring, Columbus returns to Spain. He makes 3 more journeys to the Americas and eventually dies. Columbus died still believing he had made it to Asia.


1. Read an excerpt of Columbus’s letter from 1494.

2. Identify and underline the main ideas.

3. Discuss with team members and formulate a response to the following question:

What were Columbus's main concerns in founding a colony on Hispaniola?


The Columbian Exchange a transfer of people, products, and ideas between the western and eastern hemispheres. It brought many European, Asian, and African goods to the Americas. At the same time, American crops and livestock were distributed to the rest of the world.

The Columbian Exchange also had negative effects on the Americas. Europeans brought germs to which Native Americans had no natural resistance and resulted in the death of thousands of Native Americans


SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE

Spain sent many expeditions to the Americas. Like explorers from other countries. Spanish explorer

claimed the land they found for their country. Much of this land was already filled w4ith Native American

communities.

Spain is going to send out Conquistadors – soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas.

Hernan Cortes leaves Cuba and goes to Mexico because he hears of wealthy land ruled by Moctezuma II

Moctezuma II is the ruler of the Aztec Empire. The Aztecs had thousands of warriors. Cortes has only 508 soldiers, 100 sailors, 16 horses, and a few guns.



Moctezuma believes Cortes to be a god and welcomes him. But Cortes took Moctezuma prisoner and seized control of Tenochitilan. Eventually Tenochititlan was destroyed and Moctezuma was killed.

POP QUIZ 1. Ferdinand Magellan

A. Sailed to the Bahamas.B. Was the fist person to Circumnavigate the globe

C. Tricked, captured, and killed Moctezuma

2. Triangular sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind.

A. CaravelsB. Magnetic CompassC. Totem

3. Henry the Navigator ____________.

A. Was the first explorer to reach North America.

B. Sailed on the Santa MariaC. Created a school for navigation and built an observatory.

4. Columbus discovered the Americas because he was in search of

A. The BahamasB. Religious FreedomC. A direct Route to Asia

5. In exchange for claiming new land for Spain, Columbus was able to govern the new territories.

TrueFalse

6. A negative affect of The Columbian Exchange was:

A. Crops were expensiveB. People were forced to share

C. Native Americans were exposed to diseases that killed many

7. When sailors returned home,A. Parades were held in their honor

B. They were often unrecognizable to their families.

C. They were treated as prisoners.

8. Conquistadors are soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas.

TrueFalse

POP QUIZ

Francisco Pizarro, another conquistador, heard rumors of the Inca civilization in South America.


SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIREPizarro has less than 400 men in his army. They were greatly

outnumbered, however, they had weapons. Pizarro captured the Inca capital at Cuzco.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

EXPLORING NEW SPAIN

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

A Spanish explorer who crossed over Panama to get

to the Pacific Ocean

Juan Ponce de Leon

Conquered the island of Puerto Rico for Spain and

founded the city of San Juan.

He discovered the coast of Florida but failed to colonize

it.

EXPLORING NEW SPAIN

Hernando de Soto

20 years after Ponce de Leon, de Soto begins exploring Florida.

He travelled into present day Georgia and the Carolinas. He

turned west until he founded the Mississippi River.

He died on his exploration.

EXPLORING NEW SPAIN

BELLRINGER 1. Which of the following is not a cause of the Spanish Victory over the Aztecs and Incas?A. DiseaseB. WeaponsC. Being Outnumbered

2. Which of the following explored present day United States.A. Vasco Nunez de BalboaB. Hernando de SotoC. Ferdinand Magellan

By the 1650 the Spanish empire in the Americas had grown to 3-4 million people. Native Americans made up 80% of the population. Spain established encomienda system – which gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and covert them to Christianity.

The Spanish had plantations- large farms that grew just one kind of crop. It took many workers to run a plantation. Because there weren't enough colonist, they forced the Indians to works in the fields.

SPANISH TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS

Bartolome de Las Casas Plantation Owner

SPANISH TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS

RACE FOR EMPIRES The Protestant Church claimed the Roman Catholic Church was too wealthy and abused its power.

Protestant Reformation – religious movement that began in Germany and spread to most of Europe.

Protestants – reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church’s practices.

They believed God meant for religion to be simple.

Conflict between the Catholics and Protestants lead to civil war in Europe.

King Phillip II used Spain’s wealthy to try and push the Protestants out of England

He created the Spanish Armada – a huge fleet of warships, to fight Queen Elizabeth.

But the much smaller, but faster, English fleet defeated the Armada in a huge battle.

RACE FOR EMPIRES

The Armada’s defeat shocked the Spanish. Additionally, Spain’s economy was in trouble.

Spain’s defeat and economic problems led countries such as England, France, and the Netherlands to challenge Spanish

power overseas.

RACE FOR EMPIRES

Using different colors, draw the routes the following explorers took:

1. Balboa

2. De Soto

3. Ferdinand Magellan

4. Ponce de Leon

5. Columbus

RACE FOR EMPIRES

BELLRINGER

1. Bartolome de Las CasasA. is a priest who fought against forced labor for Native Americans

B. explored Florida for SpainC. led a protest against the Catholic Church

2. An armada isA. the right to tax local Native AmericansB. large farms that grew one type of cropC. huge fleet of warships

THE RACE FOR EMPIRES Read pg. 54 “Search for a Northwest Passage”

Discuss with your team and formulate a response to the following questions:

“Why did European explorers seek a Northwest Passage?”

Response Criteria:1. TTQA2. Correct Answer

3. In your own words4. Academic Language5. Supporting Details.

THE RACE FOR EMPIRES

Recap: Columbus sails to find a route to Asia. He lands in the Caribbean but believes he is in the Indies.

Other Europeans hear of Columbus’s voyage and are interested in finding a northern route to Asia that would be shorter and easier.

John Cabot left England with one ship. He crossed the North Atlantic and explored the region around Newfoundland. He came back to North America on a second voyage but disappeared without a trace.

Europeans soon realized the land Cabot explored was not Asia. England, France, and Holland all financed voyages of exploration to North America in search of the Northwest Passage, a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific.


Jacques Cartier, a French sailor, set out to explore North America. He made two trips to present day Canada. He claimed all the lands he explored for France.


Henry Hudson, from England, sailed for the Dutch to attempt to find the Northwest Passage. Hudson sailed present day New York.

He returned a year later sailing for the English. Neither Hudson or any of the other explorers ever found the Northwest Passage but their explorations led to increased European interest in North America.


THE RACE FOR EMPIRES In the late 1500s England decided to set up a permanent settlement in North America. Sir Walter Raleigh received a charter, a document giving him permission to start a colony.

Life for the colonist at Roanoke Island was very difficult. After a few months, some of the colonist returned to England to get more supplies. The war with Spain prevented the colonist from returning immediately. Three years later, when they returned the colony was deserted.

Samuel de Champlain began exploring North America in present day Canada following Cartier’s path. He founded the Quebec colony. He opened a fur trading post.


BELLRINGER

1. Which explorer from France claimed the land in Canada for France?

2. Which explorer sailed for both the English and the Dutch?

3. A document giving permission to start a colony is ___________.

4. A water route through North America is ____________.

European settlers in the Americas relied on support from their home countries to establish trade and provide protection. In return, colonist were expected to produce money for the home country. Many colonist did this through plantations, mines, and other ventures that required a large labor force.

BEGINNINGS OF SLAVERY IN THE AMERICAS

Originally, Native Americans were used as slaves in the new world. However since the Native Americans were not immune to the European diseases, millions of Native Americans dies within the first few years after Columbus’s exploration.

Some colonist, including Spanish priest Bartolome de Las Casas, suggested using enslaved Africans as workers instead of Native Americans.


Slavery


https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/slavery/

In 1510 the Spanish government legalized the sale of slaves in the colonies. The first full cargo ship of Africans arrived 8 years later.

Over the next century, more than a million enslaved Africans were brought to the Spanish and Portuguese colonies.


The Middle Passage was the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean the enslaved Africans were forced to endure.

Packed into the ships like cargo, the confinement led to the rapid spread of disease. Many slaves suffocated or died from malnutrition.

Its estimated that 1 out of every 6 Africans died during the Middle Passage


Once the Africans arrived in the colonies, they went to the slave trade to be bought by colonist. This led to African Diaspora, the scattering of a people.

In the American colonies, slaves were given few rights. They were looked at as property. Enslaved Africans received harsh punishments for minor offenses such as breaking a tool.


Create a timeline by placing the following events in chronological order.

- European disease spread rapidly killing millions of Native Americans

- The Slave Trade with Africa begins

- Native Americans are used as forced labor on plantations

- European explorers come to the “New World”


new empires in the americas chapter 2. bellringer: what do you observe about this picture? predict...

Documents

north americathe vikings

north american coast

greenlandthe vikings

rough north atlantic

island of iceland

red leaves iceland

red left iceland

caravels new ships