industrial preparation of sulphuric acid

8/17/2019 Industrial Preparation of Sulphuric Acid

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Industrial Preparationof Sulphuric acid

THE CONTACT PROCESS

DONE BY: K. Singh S. Tiecshmaker


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Factors which inuence thelocation of the Sulphuric

acid IndustryNearness of the source of raw materials

Availability of water resources

The availability of cheap energy/sources of power

Proimity to populated areas

!"uent disposal

#abour supply


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$aw materials

The raw materials for this process are%

&' Sulphur (from sulphide ores/ hydrogensulphide)

*' Air( from the atmosphere)

+' ,ater


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The Processes ,hich InvolveThe Production -f Sulphuric

Acid


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3eating sulphide ores such as 4incsulphide or iron pyrites in an ecess ofair'

*5nS(s) 1 +-* (g) 2 *5n-(s) 1 S-*

(g)

6ecomposing calcium sulphate in thepresence of co7e'

*.aS-8(s) 1 .(s) 2 *.a-(s) 1 .-* (g)1 *S-* (g)


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The oidation of S-* to S-+%To remove dust and impurities9 the

sulphur dioide is :rst mied with ecessair and passed through an electrostatic

precipitator' This puri:ed sulphur dioidewhich is then mied with oygen in thepresence of a vanadium (;) oide catalystto form sulphur trioide9 which is the

anhydride of Sulphuric acid and isrepresented by the following e0uation'

*S-* (g) 1 -* (g) < *S-+(g)


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3ydrating the sulphur trioide tosulphuric acid%

Sulphur trioide is :rst dissolved inconcentrated Sulphuric acid producingoleum'

3*S-8 (l) 1 S-+ (g) 2 3*S*-= (l) ,ater is then added to the oleum toproduce Sulphuric acid'

3*S*-= (l) 1 3*- (l) 2 3*S-8 (l)

An absorbing tower is used to absorb thebul7 of acid and passed the residual gasesbac7 to the second stage where it will bereused' The result is >?@ Sulphuric acid

with *@ water9 which can also be drawn


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wSulphuric acid

production


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Bses of sulphuric acid

Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacturingprocesses of many goods oer a !ide range of

applications .Some of the main uses ofsulphuric acid are:

The Canufacturing of Fertili4ersDirect production of ammonium sulphate "#N$%&'SO% and production of phosphoric acidused to make phosphate fertili(ers indirectly

!hich are added to the soil to improe gro!th.


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The Canufacture of #eadAcid TypeDatteries

Sealed)unit lead type *atteries are used in theautomotie industry for cars and trucks.

Sulphuric +cid is used in a dilute form to act asan electrolyte to allo! the ,o! of electrons*et!een the plates in the *atteries and is usedin this !ay commonly called *attery acid.


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.leaning agentfor metalsurfaces -icklingis used to descri*e

the treatment ofmetals to remoeimpurities" rust orscale from the

surface" such as insteel making.

To ma7e

detergents many ofthese !hich aresulphonates.


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The Canufacture of $ayon

The tetile /ayon is made from cellulose 0*ersderied from 1ood. These are then dissoled ina solution of Tetra +mine 2opper #33& to producea thick *lue li4uid !hich is then in5ected into

Sulphuric +cid to form /ayon 0*ers.


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.atalyst in variouschemical processes

The process of oilre0ning crude oilinoles the use if an

Sulphuric +cid as acatalyst and is oftenused for this process. 3tis also used as a catalyst

in chemical reactionse.g. esteri0cation andhydration6dehydration ofalcohols

To ma7e dyes andpaints


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Acid rain damage

3n the contact process used to make sulphuricacid" sulphur dioide or een sulphur trioidemay escape into the atmosphere as they aretoic and cause acid rain formation !hen it

rains. This may eentually lead to destructionof egetations and other liing species andeen *uildings and other physical structuresin the enironment.


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!"uent and waste disposal

Sulphuric acid escaping into the enironment fromarious industrial processes either *y improperdisposal or air*orne may acidify riers and lakescausing death of a4uatic animals and plants

!hich are acid sensitie. Not only a4uatic plantsand animals can *e harmed *ut !hen !ildlifeingests this !ater it results in illness andsometimes death.


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S7in contact

The presence of sulphur dioide in theatmosphere causes skin and throat irritation!hich may *urn depending on the amount to!hich the skin is eposed. 8ong term eposure

leads to dermatitis or a constant ,aking andirritation of the skin.


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Some other impacts of the Sulphuric acid

industry on the enironment include: The contact of metals !ith sulphuric acid spill

can result in the li*eration of hydrogen gas!hich could eplode and cause 0res.

+cid aerosols present in the atmosphere!hich include gaseous sulphur dioide canpresent a 0re ha(ard.

Sulphuric acid and sulphur dioide can cause

acidi0cation of soils. This can result in loss ofminerals *y leaching hence gro!thdeelopment of plants are a9ected.

industrial preparation of sulphuric acid

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