1. sulphuric acid and ammonia
TRANSCRIPT
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Manufacture
substances in industry
Chapter 9
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Sulhuricacid
uses
Environmentalpollution by
sulphurdioxide
Manufacture
( ContactProcess)
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uses
uses
Manuf acture
of detergents
Manuf acture of artif icial
f ibers
Leather
tanning
Manuf acture
of paint
Production of fertilizer
As electrolyte
in car
batteries
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Contact Process
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Stage 1Preparation
andpurif ication of sulfur dioxide
S (l) + O2(g) SO2(g)
Stage 2 Catalytic oxidation 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g)
Stage 3
Conversion of sulfur trioxide
to sulfuricacid
H2SO4(l) + SO3 H2S2O7(l)
H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) 2 H2SO4(l)
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Molten sulphur ² burnt in dry air to produceSO2 ² SO2 purified and cooled.
-The gas mixture of sulphur dioxide, SO,
and oxygen is passed over vanadium(V) oxide,VO, (catalyst) at a temperature of 450-500C and under the pressure at 1
atmosphere.
-Sulphuric trioxide, SO, gas is dissolved inconcentrated sulphuric acid, HSO, to formoleum, HSO. Water is then added to the
oleum, HSO, to dilute it to produce
sulphuric acid, HSO
.
Contact Process
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Acid rains
W ater pollution
Soil
pollution
SO2
release from
factory and vehicles SO2 react with O2
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Describe these Pictures
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Made of what?Made of what?
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These Pictures?These Pictures?
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AmmoniaAmmonia
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ammonia
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-NITRIC ACID
-HOUSEHOLD
CLEANERS
-PLASTICS
- FERTILIZERS
- EXPLOSIVES
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Uses of ammonia
Nitrogenous fertilizers
ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea
Cooling agentin refrigerator
Raw material to
produce nitric acid in
Oswald process
Manufacture of
explosive such as
trinitrotoluene (T NT)
As an alkali to prevent
the coagulation of latex
To produce
electrolytes in dry cells.
Manufacture of dyes
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Properties of Ammonia
Properties of ammonia,
NH3
Pungentsmell
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Haber processHaber process
Nitrogen gas, N2 f rom the
f ractional distillation of air
Hydrogen gas, H2 f rom a
natural gas, methane, CH4
In ratio of 1:3
Catalyst Chamber
Temperature : 450-500 celciusPressure : 200-500 atmosphere
Catalyst : Iron filings, Fe
N2(g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
Condenser
The gas mixture is cooled at
-50 degree celciusAmmonia solution,
NH3(aq), is f ormed
N2 gas and H2
gas unreacted
will f lowed
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Haber processHaber process
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HABER PROCESS
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Q uestions
1. What does the Haber process produce?
2. From where is the hydrogen obtained?
3. From where is the nitrogen obtained?
4. Write the word and symbol equation for making ammonia
5. What is the catalyst used?
6. What temperature and pressure are chosen for the process?
7. State the uses of ammonia?
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MAKING FERTILIZERS FROM MAKING FERTILIZERS FROM
AMMONIAAMMONIA
A concentrated solution of ammonia can beA concentrated solution of ammonia can beused as aused as a fertiliserfertiliser
Being a base, ammonia isBeing a base, ammonia is neutralisedneutralised by acidsby acids
to yield ammonium saltsto yield ammonium salts(a) Ammonia + nitric acid(a) Ammonia + nitric acid ammonium nitrateammonium nitrate(b) Ammonia +(b) Ammonia + sulphuricsulphuric acidacid ammoniumammonium
sulphatesulphate
(c) Ammonia + phosphoric acid(c) Ammonia + phosphoric acid ammoniumammoniumphosphatephosphate
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Making fertiliser in the labMaking fertiliser in the lab
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WORKSHEET 2
Activity : making ammonium sulphate fertiliser
Apparatus and Materials :
Procedure :
1. Collect 25 cm3 of ammonia solution in a small conical flask.
2. Add dilute sulphuric acid, 1 cm3 at a time, from a burette. After adding each cm3
of acid, swirl your flask. Dip a glass rod into the solution. Then test a drop of thesolution on a piece of blue litmus paper.
3. Keep adding acid until the litmus just turns pink.
4. Then pour the solution into an evaporating dish.
5. Heat it on a water bath until about half of the solution has evaporated off. (Don¶tlet it boil dry.)
6. Leave the rest of the solution to evaporate off slowly.