industrial labor for web
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Industrial Labor1890-1910
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Industrial Boom Industrial Boom After the Civil War, the following contributed
to an industrial boom in America: Availability of natural resources New inventions, and A receptive market
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ImmigrationImmigration The massive growth in industrialization caused a labor
shortage
About 25 million people immigrated to the US between 1865 and 1910
Change in the origin of immigration 1870’s and 1880’s: Most immigrants came from the British Isles
and Northern Europe After 1890: Most immigrants came from Southern Europe 1849-1882: 300,000 Chinese Immigrants
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Why Are the Immigrants Why Are the Immigrants Coming?Coming?
US was the land of undeniable economic opportunity
Push Factors: Rapid European population growth Religious and ethnic persecution
Many Jews were forced out of their countries
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The Immigrants: Who Are The Immigrants: Who Are They? They?
Mostly rural: peasants or village craftsmen
Poor, but not the most impoverished
Young 67% were 30 years or younger 90% were 40 years or younger US got workers in their prime
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Cultural IssuesCultural Issues
Ethnic Enclaves: immigrants tried to recreate life at home Little Italy, China Town, etc.
Assimilation pressures: Americanization Began immediately Pressures from schools, churches, employers Children were affected most through schools
Anti-Immigrant sentiments Immigration Protection League: wanted quotas American Protective Association: wanted to end immigration
entirely Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): Congressional act that closed the
US to further Chinese immigration
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Child LaborChild Labor Many children were drawn into the labor force
Factory wages were so low that children often had to work to help support their families
The number of children under the age of 15 who worked in industrial jobs for wages climbed from 1.5 million in 1890 to 2 million in 1910
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Why Children???Why Children???
They worked in unskilled jobs for lower wages than adults
Their small hands made them more adept at handling small parts and tools
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"There is work that profits children, and there is work that brings profit only to employers. The object of employing children is not to train them, but to get high profits from their work."
-- Lewis Hine, 1908
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Images
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Glass Blower and Mold Boy, Grafton, WVOctober 1908
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Boy Running "Trip Rope" in a Mine, Welch, WVSeptember 1908
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Children Working in a Bottle Factory, Indianapolis, INAugust 1908
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Nine-Year Old Newsgirl, Hartford, CTMarch 6, 1909
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The Noon Hour at an Indianapolis Cannery, Indianapolis INAugust 1908
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Worker Picking Berries, Near Baltimore, MDJune 8, 1909
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Workers Stringing Beans, Baltimore, MDJune 7, 1909
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Young Boys Shucking Oysters, Apalachicola, FLJanuary 25, 1909
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Basket Sellers, Cincinnati, OH
August 22, 1908