14–17 SEPT

DIGITAL EVENT

DECARBONISEINDUSTRY!

2020|INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY

#eceee2020

Exploring best practice and emerging trends in energy efficiency policy, technology and management – including new business models, digitalisation, resource efficiency and more.

www.eceee.org/industry

eceee Industrial Summer Study proceedings

Online version ISSN: 2001-7987 / ISBN: 978-91-983878-7-2

Organised in cooperation with

Online version

eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings

Industrial Efficiency 2020Decarbonise industry!

14–17 September 2020Online event

PROCEEDINGS PRODUCTION

Project managerTherese Laitinen LindströmBorg & Co, Stockholm, Sweden

Proceedings editing, layout and productionTherese Laitinen Lindström & Ylva BlumeBorg & Co, Stockholm, Sweden

Conference graphicsKlas BjörkmanBjörkman & Mitchell, Stockholm, Sweden

© eceee and the authors, Stockholm 2020

ISSN 2001-7987ISBN 978-91-983878-7-2

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(ISSN 2001-7979, ISBN 978-91-983878-6-5).

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PANEL LEADERS

PANEL 1. Policies and programmes to drive transformation

Hannes Mac Nulty Mac Nulty Consulting, FranceJenny Chu The Climate Group, United Kingdom

PANEL 2. Sustainable production towards a circular economy

Andrea Herbst Fraunhofer ISI, GermanySimone Zanoni Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy

PANEL 3. Energy management – in real life

Hannes von Knorring CIT Industriell Energi AB, SwedenReinhard Ungerböck Grazer ENERGIEAgentur GmbH, Austria

PANEL 4. Technology, processes and systems

Anna Realini Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico – RSE S.p.A., ItalySimon Harvey Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden

PANEL 5. Business models and finance in the age of digitalisation

Diana Wang Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production (EEP), University of Stuttgart, GermanyRod Janssen Energy in Demand, United Kingdom/France

PANEL 6. Deep decarbonisation of industry – technologies, strategies & implications for policy, industry and research

Marlene Arens Lund University, SwedenStefan Lechtenböhmer Wuppertal Institute for Climate Environment and Energy, Germany

Acknowledgements

The eceee board would like to convey a special thanks to the partners, whose support makes this event

possible. The board would also like to thank all the authors and the panel leaders for their intense

efforts to contribute to these proceedings. We gratefully acknowledge the support of all the anonymous

helpers who have assisted in making Industrial Efficiency 2020 a success.

ORGANISED IN COOPERATION WITHChalmers Industriteknik (CIT)

GOLD PARTNERSSwedish Energy AgencyChalmers University of Technology

SILVER PARTNERAgence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ADEME)

PARTNERS

Deutsche Unternehmensinitiative Energieeffizienz (DENEFF)Energieffektiviseringsföretagen (EEF)The European Industrial Insulation Foundation (EiiF)EnREnergy in DemandFraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation ResearchRockwool Technical InsulationIn4Climate.NRWInstitute for Energy Efficiency in Production at the University of Stuttgart (EEP)

CONFERENCE MANAGERSTherese Laitinen Lindström, Nils Borg & Ylva Blume

CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRSHanna Tornevall, Agneta Persson & Clemens Rohde

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORNils Borg

ECEEE BOARD

Board membersAgneta Persson, Anthesis Group, Sweden (eceee President)Joanne Wade, ADE, UK (eceee Vice President)Andrea Roscetti, Kyoto Club, Italy (eceee Vice President)Cédric Jeanneret, SIG, SwitzerlandDidier Bossebœuf, French Agency for Environment and Energy (ADEME), FranceClemens Rohde, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, GermanyAdrian Joyce, EuroACEFiona Hall, Advisor to Rockwool InternationalErwin Cornelis, Tractebel Engineering S.A., BelgiumJan Rosenow, Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP), BelgiumPaula Fonseca, University of Coimbra, PortugalVesna Kolega, Silvosus, CroatiaRod Janssen, Energy in Demand, France

AlternatesBarbara Schlomann, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, GermanyLorenzo Pagliano, Kyoto Club, ItalySamuel Thomas, Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP), France

ECEEE INDUSTRIAL SUMMER STUDY PROCEEDINGS V

PANEL 1. POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES TO DRIVE TRANSFORMATION

Introduction to Panel 1Panel Leaders: Hannes Mac Nulty & Jenny Chu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1-004-20 Shaping a sustainable industry: conclusions from round table meetingsErwin Cornelis & Karlis Goldstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1-021-20 Review of regional energy efficiency policies towards industrial SMEs from within EuropeIda Johansson, Patrik Thollander, Dietmar Baurecht, Christian Engers, Enrique Esteban, Maya Janssen, Mihai Marian, Katrin Schalk & Giovanni Scimemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1-089-20 Energy efficiency networks: latest developments in Germany and in the worldClemens Rohde, Antoine Durand, Lisa Neusel, Anton Barckhausen & Miha Jensterle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1-116-20 Low-carbon transition in the steel industry: a comparative study of Iran and SwedenSoma Rahmani & Mohsen Alizadeh Sani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

PANEL 2. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Introduction to Panel 2Panel leaders: Andrea Herbst & Simone Zanoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2-023-20 The energy of exergy – analysis of different olefin production routesMarkus Fritz & Ali Aydemir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

2-027-20 Beyond EU 2020 target for energy efficiency: a novel business model to reduce energy consumption in compressed air systemsElvira Rakova, Matteo Martinelli & Luca Pagni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

2-029-20 Roadmap for climate transition of the building and construction industry – a supply chain analysis including primary production of steel and cementIda Karlsson, Alla Toktarova, Filip Johnsson, Mikael Odenberger & Johan Rootzén . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

2-037-20 Simulating geographically distributed production networks of a climate neutral European petrochemical industryClemens Schneider & Mathieu Saurat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

2-074-20 Utilization of industrial and agricultural by-products in blended cement mortars – creating an effort of circular economy in Indian cement industryNavdeep Singh & Marlene Arens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2-084-20 Energy efficiency from farm to fork? On the relevance of non-energy benefits and behavioural aspects along the cold supply chainLisa Neusel, Simon Hirzel, Simone Zanoni & Beatrice Marchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

2-115-20 Business logics for bioeconomy collaborationsJon Williamsson, Gabriela Schaad & Anders Sandoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

2-125-20 A multi-region representation of an automotive manufacturing plant with the TIMES energy modelSenatro Di Leo, Filomena Pietrapertosa, Monica Salvia & Carmelina Cosmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

2-137-20 Modelling circular economy action impacts in the building sector on the EU cement industryMatthias Rehfeldt, Andrea Herbst & Samy Porteron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Table of contents

eceee 2020 Industrial Summer Study proceedingsThese proceedings include the peer-reviewed papers from Industrial Efficiency 2020. The accepted extended abstracts, also presented at the conference, can be found together with the online version of the proceedings on the eceee proceedings web site: https://www.eceee.org/library/conference_proceedings/.

OBS! Uppdatera text!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VI INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY 2020

PANEL 3. ENERGY MANAGEMENT– IN REAL LIFE

Introduction to Panel 3Panel leaders: Hannes von Knorring & Reinhard Ungerböck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145

3-007-20 How do companies decide on non-strategic energy efficiency issues? An in-depth study of the decision-making processJoachim Globisch & Elisabeth Dütschke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

3-009-20 Non-routine adjustments – towards standardizing M&V approach for quantifying the effects of static factorsShankar Earni & Peter Therkelsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

3-048-20 Human factors for energy management: features, fit and field studyKelly M . Smith & Maureen E . Hassall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

3-070-20 Establishing energy efficiency in SMEs – energy management to enhance energy efficiency in everyday work lifeWerner König, Sabine Löbbe, Stefan M . Büttner & Christian Schneider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

3-079-20 Understanding the impacts on the industrial operations from the adoption of energy efficiency measures: lessons learnt from Italian case studiesDavide Accordini, Enrico Cagno, Nicolò Ferrari, Federico Gambaro & Andrea Trianni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

3-081-20 Quantifying non-energy benefits for energy-intensive industry – a case study of heat recovery measures in a Swedish oil refinerySofie Marton, Elin Svensson & Simon Harvey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

3-157-20 Energy management in the Norwegian sawmill industryMarcus R . Olsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

PANEL 4. TECHNOLOGY, PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS

Introduction to Panel 4Panel leaders: Simon Harvey & Anna Realini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

4-001-20 Environmental impact of high temperature industrial heat pumps – from a global warming potential (GWP) perspectiveTor-Martin Tveit, Umara Khan & Ron Zevenhoven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

4-008-20 Effects of process decarbonisation on future targets for excess heat delivery from an industrial process plantPontus Bokinge, Elin Svensson & Simon Harvey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

4-018-20 Evaluation of hybrid electric/gas steam generation for a chemical plant under future energy market scenariosHolger Wiertzema, Elin Svensson & Simon Harvey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

4-036-20 White certificate on electrical motor driven systemsMarc Berthou, Abdessalim Arras & François Saliou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

4-056-20 Ultra-low charge ammonia chillers for energy efficiency in industrial applicationsAmmi Amarnath, Mukesh Khattar, Sara Beaini, Aaron Tam, Chris Holmes & Colin Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

4-057-20 Requirements engineering and morphological analysis of adaptive control strategies for flywheel energy storage systems in industrial applicationsRaoul Laribi, Yijun Lu, Darian Andreas Schaab, Christian Dierolf & Alexander Sauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

4-073-20 Industrial excess heat and district heating: potentials and costs for the EU-28 on the basis of network analysisAli Aydemir, David Schilling, Tobias Fleiter & Mostafa Fallahnejad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

4-092-20 Double transmission double expansion technology as a method for reducing energy losses associated with oversizing of industrial compressed air systemsDominik Gryboś & Jacek S . Leszczyński . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

4-108-20 Decarbonizing Swiss industrial sectors by process integration, electrification, and traditional energy efficiency measuresM . Jibran S . Zuberi, Navdeep Bhadbhade, Martin K . Patel, Anna Sophia Wallerand, François Maréchal, Cordin Arpagaus, Stefan Bertsch & Beat Wellig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

4-109-20 Assessing emerging energy-efficient technologies for industry – application of the EDUAR&D methodology for the case of high temperature electrolysersOliver Lösch, Eberhard Jochem, Gregor Zesch & Ulrich Schmoch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

4-132-20 High temperature heat pumps for industrial processes – application and potentialVeronika Wilk, Franz Helminger & Michael Lauermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

4-155-20 Value chain-wide energy efficiency potentials of additive manufacturing with metals – some preliminary hypothesesAndreas Pastowski & Georg Kobiela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

4-156-20 Analysis of heat pump integration into drying process for decarbonization in industryTakenobu Kaida, Yannick Beucher, Florence de Carlan & Jean-Marie Fourmigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ECEEE INDUSTRIAL SUMMER STUDY PROCEEDINGS VII

PANEL 5. BUSINESS MODELS AND FINANCE IN THE AGE OF DIGITALISATION

Introduction to Panel 5Panel leaders: Diana Wang & Rod Janssen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357

5-012-20 De-carbonisation, guaranteed: realising affordable, equitable and long-term financing for industrial SME projectsWinfried Braumann & Jason Erwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

5-106-20 EU Taxonomy on sustainable economic activities – preliminary assessment of the implications for corporate energy efficiency investmentsBettina Dorendorf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

5-127-20 Financial carbon footprint: calculating banks’ scope 3 emissions of assets and loansJens Teubler & Markus Kühlert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

PANEL 6. DEEP DECARBONISATION OF INDUSTRY – TECHNOLOGIES, STRATEGIES & IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY, INDUSTRY AND RESEARCH

Introduction to Panel 6Panel leaders: Marlene Arens & Stefan Lechtenböhmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

6-024-20 100 % renewable energy for Austria’s industry: alternative energy sources and infrastructure requirementsRoman Geyer, Sophie Knöttner, Christian Diendorfer & Gerwin Drexler-Schmid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

6-035-20 Deep decarbonisation of iron and steel industry in the age of global supply chain – issues and solutionsXianli Zhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

6-040-20 Electrify everything! Challenges and opportunities associated with increased electrification of industrial processesJohan Rootzén, Holger Wiertzema, Magnus Brolin & Jesse Fahnestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

6-043-20 Assessment of transition pathways for the Nigerian cement sectorMaría Yetano Roche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

6-063-20 Electrification of primary steel production based on ΣIDERWIN process: simulation on the European power system in 2050Morgan Barberousse, Matthildi Apostolou, Anne Debregeas & Caroline Bono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

6-065-20 Meta-analysis of industry sector transformation strategies in German, European and global deep decarbonisation scenariosSascha Samadi & Claus Barthel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

6-082-20 A European industrial development policy for prosperity and zero emissionsLars J . Nilsson, Max Åhman, Fredric Bauer, Karin Ericsson, Bengt Johansson, Mariësse van Sluisveld, Valentin Vogl, Fredrik N .G . Andersson, Chris Bataille, Stephane de la Rue du Can, Teis Hansen, Stefan Lechtenböhmer & Danielle Schiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

6-094-20 Dynamics of cross-industry low-carbon innovation in energy-intensive industriesAnnika Tönjes, Katharina Knoop, Tobias Lechtenböhmer, Helena Mölter & Katja Witte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

6-098-20 Needs of electricity, hydrogen and carbon infrastructures for greenhouse gas neutral heavy industry clusters in the EU 2050Frank Merten, Arjuna Nebel, Christine Krüger, Clemens Schneider, Alexander Scholz & Ansgar Taubitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

6-110-20 Hydrogen technologies for a CO2-neutral chemical industry – a plant-specific bottom-up assessment of pathways to decarbonise the German chemical industryMarius Neuwirth & Tobias Fleiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

6-134-20 Feasibility study of low-carbon ammonia and steel production in EuropeJean-Luc Hoxha, Alexis Donceel, Marc Philippart de Foy, Grégoire Léonard, Mathieu Caspar, Justin Fraselle & Rémi Poncelet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

6-141-20 Deep decarbonisation of the German industry via electricity or gas? A scenario-based comparison of pathwaysTobias Fleiter, Matthias Rehfeldt, Marius Neuwirth & Andrea Herbst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

6-149-20 How does the German manufacturing industry react to the calls to decarbonise?Stefan M . Büttner, Christian Schneider, Chiara Piccolroaz, Alexander Sauer, Werner König & Hannes Mac Nulty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Appendix: List of extended abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Author index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Keyword index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537