Indus Valley

Cities in the Indus Valley (place on map pg 27) were built with fortified areas called CITADELS

Evidence exists that there was movement of goods and ideas between MESOPOTAMIA (place on map pg 27) and both EGYPT (place on map pg 27) and the INDUS VALLEY

Geography of the Indus

See Picture on page 45The world’s tallest mountains (Himalayas add to map) to the north and a large desert (Thar add to map) to the east help protect the Indus from invasionThe Indus and Ganges River (add to map page 45) guard the flat fertile plainMonsoons – Seasonal Winds dominate India’s Climate

Culture of the Indus Valley

Harappan – Culture in Indus Valley based on agriculture Language – written language which ahs been impossible to decipherCulture – uniformity, social divisions (seen in housing), clay and wood toys, limited weaponsReligion – theocracy (government based on religious authority)Trade – thriving trade between Afghanistan, and Persia

Ancient Egypt

The Role of the King was one striking difference between Egypt and MesopotamiaMesopotamia – Kings representative of GodsEgypt – Kings were GodsPharaohs – Egyptian God KingsPyramids – Built to house the Pharaohs because their spirits were believed to rule even after death

Egyptian Writing

Hieroglyphics – system of writing meaning sacred carving. Pictures stood for an idea in its earliest form

Papyrus – better writing surface made from reeds which grew in the marshy delta

Picture on page 40