indoor climate and electric networks - gast network

Indoor Climate and Electric Networks

An interdisciplinary approach to provide

sustainable energy supply and consumer comfort

16.10.2013

Energy Efficient Buildings 4th GAST Travelling Conference 2013

Christoph Loef Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker

Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

Energy Research Center (E.ON)

| PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems |

Overview

Introduction ≡ Indoor climate : Demand for a convenient ambiance ≡ Climate controls connected to the electrical grid

Electrical Grid

≡ Grid structure, Transportation losses ≡ Demand for electrical grid reconversion

Sustainable energy and consumer comfort

≡ Interdisciplinary challenges ≡ The E.ON Energy Research Center

29.08.2013 2

Christoph Loef / Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker


Worldwide Climate Zones Humidity and Temperature

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Bangkok

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Düsseldorf

Hamburg

Nuremberg

Cairo

Botswana/Maun

Australia/Darwin

Moscow

Kirghizia

Kabula

Office-Climate acc. BG

Human Comfortable

Cooling

Humidity

Heating • Crude Oil • Gas • Electricity

• Electricity

Sour

ce :

Deu

tsch

er W

ette

rdie

nst

20-22°C / 30% - 70% rH



Electrical power demand for Air Conditioning

Electrical Power Demand vs. Temperature (India)

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Electrical Power Demand vs. Season of Year (Australia)

Cooling

Humidity


• Electricity

Sour

ce :

Air C

ondi

tioni

ng a

nd E

nerg

y D

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d in

Indi

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31.01.2011 25.03.2011

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20-22°C / 30% - 70% rH



Air Conditioning Appliances Heating and Cooling

Heat pump air conditioning system

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Cooling

Humidity


• Electricity

20-22°C / 30% - 70% rH

M M



Air Conditioning Appliances Interface to the electric grid – actual grid architecture

Heat pump air conditioning system

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M



M


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3 ~ DC

DC AC

Indoor Climate Lighting

DC DC

DC AC

• •

• •

Other

230/400V AC Grid

MV AC -Grid

HV AC -Grid

Electrical Power Sources • Nuclear Power plants • Coal-fired power plant • River power plant • Wind power plant



Electrical Grid Electricity Production and Transportation Losses

Electricity production (kWh)

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Electric power transmission and distribution losses (kWh)

Sour

ce :

Wor

ldba

nk /

Goo

gle

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ic D

ata



Electrical Grid Electricity Production and Transportation Losses

Electricity production (kWh)

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Electric power transmission and distribution losses (%)

Sour

ce :

Wor

ldba

nk /

Goo

gle

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ic D

ata



„…the grid reconversion remains the achilles heel of the Energiewende“ From: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 21.09.2012: „Gegenverkehr im Stromnetz“ (Georg Küffner)

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Conventional Power Plants

Renewable Energy Source



Germany’s energy transformation

Energiewende German plans to cut carbon emissions with renewable energy are ambitious, but they are also risky Jul 28th 2012 | BERLIN AND NIEBÜLL | from the print edition The rest of the world watches with wonder, annoyance — and anticipatory Schadenfreude … To many the Energiewende is a lunatic gamble with the country’s manufacturing prowess. But if it pays off Germany will have created yet another world-beating industry, say the gamblers. Alone among rich countries Germany has “the means and will to achieve a staggering transformation of the energy Infrastructure”… Much could go wrong. Wholesale electricity prices will be 70% higher by 2025, predicts the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Germany must build or upgrade 8,300 km (5,157 miles) of transmission lines (not including connections to offshore wind farms). Intermittent wind and sun power creates a need for backup generators, while playing havoc with business models that justify investing in them.

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Conventional Power Plants

Renewable Energy Source



The need for grid reconversion

Demand for clean & sustainable energy ≡ Rising electrical energy demand in US, FEA and IND ≡ Increased electrical power demand implies higher transportation losses ≡ Move from nuclear, coal powered power plants to

renewable power sources : Solar, Wind and Water ≡ Location of use differ from place of generation

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Grid reconversion ≡ DC-Grid infrastructure provides

• less transportation losses and • provides better cable utilization at identical installation costs

≡ Decentralized power generation & storage • Reduced transportation losses due to local, decentralized power generation • Local energy storage provides grid-independent energy supply

≡ Implementation of renewable power sources • Greater diversity in energy sources and characteristics



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3 ~ DC

DC AC

DC DC

DC AC

• •

• •

Indoor Climate Lighting Other

M

230/400V AC Grid

MV -Grid

HV -Grid

DC DC

DC AC

DC DC

DC AC

Solar/Renewable Storage

η≈ 0.98

η≈ 0.98 DC

DC

DC AC



Air Conditioning Appliances Actual grid architecture and DC-Prosumer Grid

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3 ~ DC

DC DC

• •

• •

Indoor Climate Lighting Other

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230/400V AC Grid

MV -Grid

HV -Grid

DC DC

DC DC

Solar/Renewable Storage

DC AC

DC DC

Prosumer ≡ Producer & Consumer of electrical energy

and storage thereof localy



Prosumer Concept Smart Prosumer DC-Grid : Benefits

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Prosumer Concept ≡ Producer & Consumer of electrical energy, local storage ≡ AC-Grid : Transportation of surplus (-/+)

= Reduced grid cable/wire stress and losses = Independency from AC-Grid due to local storage

≡ Alternation conventional home to a “Smart Prosumer DC-Home”


Key benefits of (Prosumer internal) electrical DC-Grids ≡ Less transmission losses at identical cable/wire outline ≡ No additional AC-DC / DC-AC voltage conversion blocks → no losses therein ≡ Integration of e-mobility direct to the internal DC-Grid without additional losses

= Use of vehicle battery for energy storage and DC-Grid stabilisation = Charging e-vehicle during the day (solar) = Providing pollution-free and renewable energy source powered urban driving


The smart home with DC will be smarter!

Vision LV-DC Grid Prosumers Electric vehicles and “DC - Smart Homes”

New build smart home will require more cooling power than heating due to better thermal insulation

DC DC

Medium DC-Voltage Distribution Grid

AC-Voltage Distribution Grid


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| PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems | 29.08.2013 17 H

V A

C

LV A

C

G

G

G

G AC

DC DC

AC

G AC

DC DC

AC

P = 5 .. 10MW

Wind

MV

AC

DC AC

AC DC

AC DC

G

P = 5 .. 50MW

Solar

Multi-terminal HVDC (Overlay Grid) with Standard AC

380kV 220kV HV-DC

German AC-Grid Facts • HV AC - Grd : 36‘000km • MV AC - Grid : 580‘000km • LV AC - Grid : 1‘070‘000km

• HV – Transformers 311 GVA • MV – Transformers 260 GVA • LV – Transformers 268 GVA • Pinstalled = 174 GW ( ≅ 16 x P Space Shuttle )

( ≅ 65 x P Airbus 380 )



Multi-terminal HVDC (Overlay Grid) with Standard AC Multi-terminal HVDC with Medium-Voltage DC Collector

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G AC

DC DC

AC

G AC

DC DC

AC

AC DC

AC DC

G

P = 5 .. 50MW

DC AC

P = 5 .. 10MW

HV

AC

MV

AC

LV A

C

→ η Wind ≈ 88% → η Solar ≈ 89%

LV D

C

→ η Wind ≈ 95% → η Solar ≈ 92%

MV

DC

DC DC

AC DC

AC DC

Wind

Solar

G AC

DC

G AC

DC

P = 5 .. 10MW

Wind

G

P = 5 .. 50MW

AC DC Solar

HV

DC

DC DC

≈ 5% Losses


AC DC

AC DC

AC DC

AC DC

≈ 12% Losses


Grid reconversion and sustainable energy use An interdisciplinary challenge

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E.ON ERC



Unique Combination of interdisciplinary Research Fields at E.ON ERC

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Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS)

Decentralized power generation Power electronic energy conversion systems for

renewable power generators Flexible medium and small scale power plants Flexible, multi-terminal electrical networks Linkage of electricity, heat and gas grid Electrochemical energy conversion and storage

systems

29.08.2013

Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik De Doncker Energy Conversion Systems Head of E.ON Energy Research Center

Contact: Mathieustr. 10, Main Building

52074 Aachen www.eonerc.rwth-aachen.de

[email protected] Tel: +49 241 80-49660

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dirk Uwe Sauer Energy Storage Systems

21


Campus Cluster Sustainable Energy Folie 22 | |

Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h.c. Rik W. De Doncker

05.03.2013 Forschungscampus Elektrische Netze der Zukunft |

RWTH Aachen University CAMPUS covers approimately. 2.5 km²

RWTH Aachen Campus invites companies to accelerate innovation

Up to 250 industrial research partners Area: 800,000m² Capital commitments: 2,000,000,000 € New direct and indirect jobs: approx. 10,000

E.ON ERC is the Nucleus of the CAMPUS Cluster Sustainable Energy on RWTH Aachen Campus Cluster Sustainable Energy

Campus Cluster Sustainable Energy 23 | | 29.08.2013 Forschungscampus Elektrische Netze der Zukunft |

RWTH Aachen University CAMPUS – Vision I3 and CI3* to drive innovation

I3 CI3 • CWD • CMP • E.ON ERC • …

• Research campus „Future Electrical Networks“ • Research campus „Digital Photonic Production“ • … * I3 = Interdisciplinary Integrated Institutes


Mission and Vision ≡ Research on sustainable energy supply and

related disciplines ≡ Power Generation & Storage • Indoor Climate

Future Energy Needs • Geophysics Automation of complex power systems

≡ Addressing the challenges for sustainable electrical energy supply

E.ON Energy Research Center Addressing interdisciplinary Challenges


24 29.08.2013

Research-Platform ≡ E.ON Research Center provides an

interdisciplinary research environment ≡ Cooperation with other universities and industry ≡ Consortia with industry partners to define research

roadmap and to develop and demonstrate DC Grids and the required components (PGS/ISEA)

≡ Contact : Dr. C. Haag, [email protected]

http://www.exzellenz.nrw.de/index.php?eID=tx_cms_showpic&file=fileadmin/Strategiedokumente/High_Voltage_E.ON.jpg&md5=b26f6a16f54f210f7efe5e359f436a6941154c73&parameters%5B0%5D=YTo0OntzOjU6IndpZHRoIjtzOjQ6IjgwMG0iO3M6NjoiaGVpZ2h0IjtzOjQ6IjYw&parameters%5B1%5D=MG0iO3M6NzoiYm9keVRhZyI7czo0MToiPGJvZHkgc3R5bGU9Im1hcmdpbjowOyBi&parameters%5B2%5D=YWNrZ3JvdW5kOiNmZmY7Ij4iO3M6NDoid3JhcCI7czozNzoiPGEgaHJlZj0iamF2&parameters%5B3%5D=YXNjcmlwdDpjbG9zZSgpOyI+IHwgPC9hPiI7fQ==

Indoor Climate and Electric Networks

An interdisciplinary approach to provide

sustainable energy supply and consumer comfort

16.10.2013

Energy Efficient Buildings 4th GAST Travelling Conference 2013

Christoph Loef Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker

Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

Energy Research Center (E.ON)

indoor climate and electric networks - gast network

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