Amjad Ali Rana• Ph.D research scholar • acyber310@gmail.com• +923006885750• For social science research help feel free and join us

INDONESIA

Republic of Indonesia

Overview • Indonesia came into being in 17 August 1945• Its Capital name is Jakarta• Official languages: Indonesian• Currency: Indonesian rupiah• Religions: Muslim 87.2%, Christian 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu

1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)• Land use: agricultural land 31.2%, arable land 13%, permanent crops

12.1%, permanent pasture 6.1%

Cont.….• Population: 258,316,051 (July 2016 est.)• The population is expected to grow to around 270 million by 2020 and

321 million by 2050.• Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.42%• 15-24 years: 17.03%• 25-54 years: 42.35%• 55-64 years: 8.4% • 65 years and over: 6.79%

Cont.… • Population growth rate: 0.89%• Birth rate: 16.4 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)• Death rate: 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)• Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.7 years

Cont.…• Indonesia is the world's 15th largest country in terms of land area with

1,919,440 square km• And world's 7thlargest country in terms of combined sea and land

area.• Its average population density is 134 people per square km• although Java province, the world's most populous island, has a

population density of 940 people per square km

Labor forceby occupation: • agriculture: 38.9%• industry: 13.2%• services: 47.9% (2012 est.)• Unemployment rate: 5.5% (2015 est.)• Population below poverty line: 11.3% (2014 est.)• HDI (2015) 0.684

Government and politics• Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system• The president of Indonesia is the • head of state• head of government• Commander-in-chief of Indonesian National Armed Forces • and the director of domestic governance, policy making and foreign

affairs.

MilitaryIndonesia's Armed Forces include• The Army • Navy • and Air Force• The army has about 400,000 active duty personnel.

Administrative divisions• Administratively, Indonesia consists• of 34 provinces, Each province has its own legislature and governor

The provinces are subdivided into regencies and cities • which are further subdivided into districts • and again into administrative villages• Furthermore, a village is divided into several community groups

Location and total area • Indonesia located in Southeast Asia mainly Situated between the

Indian Ocean and Pacific oceans,• It is the world's largest island country• According to a survey conducted between 2007 and 2010 by National

Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping, Indonesia has 13,466 islands• These are scattered over both sides of the equator

Climate • Indonesia has a tropical climate, with two distinct monsoonal wet and

dry seasons• Average annual rainfall range from 70 inches to 240 inches• Humidity is generally high, averaging about 80%.• Temperatures vary little throughout the year; the average daily

temperature range of Jakarta is 26–30 °C

Education • Education in Indonesia is compulsory for twelve years• The enrolment rate is 94% for primary education• 75% for secondary education• and 27% for tertiary education.• there are 118 state universities in Indonesia.• Over all literacy rate is 93%

natural resources• natural resources including• crude oil• natural gas• tin• Copper• fertile soils• and gold.

Economy• The largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G20

major economies.• Indonesia's estimated gross domestic product (nominal), as of 2016, is

US$936.955 billion• while GDP in PPP terms is US$$3.010 trillion• It is the sixteenth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP• Eighth largest in terms of GDP (PPP).

Cont.… • per capita GDP in PPP is US$11,633 (international dollars)• while Nominal per capita GDP is US$3,620• GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 13.6% industry: 42.8%

services: 43.6% • The tourism sector contributes to around US$10.1 billion of foreign

exchange• Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, China and Japan are the top five

source of visitors to Indonesia.

Major imports and exports • Indonesia was the 25th biggest exporting country in the world in 2015• The major exports are coal, palm oil, petroleum gas , crude petroleum

rubber, electrical appliances, plywood and textiles• Exports - partners: Japan 12%, US 10.8%, China 10%, Singapore 8.4%,

India 7.8%, South Korea 5.1%, Malaysia 5.1% (2015)

• Indonesia's major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs• Imports - partners: China 20.6%, Singapore 12.6%, Japan 9.3%,

Malaysia 6%, South Korea 5.9%, Thailand 5.7%, US 5.3% (2015)

Palm oil• Palm oil production is important to the economy of Indonesia as the

country is the• world's biggest producer and consumer of the Palm oil, providing

about half the world supply.• Oil palm plantations stretch across 6 million hectares

Poverty status• People living bellow poverty line are 11%• Poverty in rural areas is 13.8%• Poverty in urban areas is 8.2%• HDI ranking is 110 with 0.684

Why Indonesia is not consider a rich country?• Indonesia has low GDP per capita, $3,511 and 117th in the world• Indonesia's Human Development Index (HDI) is categorized as

medium• Indonesia is too Jakarta-centric• lack of excellent transportation systems• The educated people are corrupt, while the uneducated one play

music for money• many Indonesians who lived in poverty not realized that they are

poor