indonesia’s*policy*dilemma:* · reconstruction of shooting of german tourist in papua, june 2012...
TRANSCRIPT
Indonesia’s Policy Dilemma:
Reconstruction of shooting of German tourist in Papua, June 2012
Police photo of Aryanto Haluta, lead gunman in police shooting, Palu May 2011
¡ All fatalities at terrorist hands after the 9/09 hotel bombings have been police: 10 in 2010, 3 in 2011, 3 in 2012.
¡ JI has declined, moved away from violence.
¡ Emergence of small groups, poorly trained
¡ Need for weapons ¡ Desire for REVENGE
Policeman shot by jihadists in Poso May 2011
ATTACK/PLOT Fatalities caused by terrorists
Arrested Killed by police
Recidivists
Hotel bombings, Jakarta July 2009
9 (2 bombers)
14 8 3
Attacks on International NGOs, Aceh, March, November 2009
-‐-‐ 5 1 -‐-‐
Aceh Training Camp , February 2010
3 police 70 13 22
Central Java police killings March-‐April 2010 + bigger plans
3 police 5 1 1
Medan bank robbery,August 2010 and attack on Hamparan Perak police station, Sept 2010
4 police 16 10 4
Bicycle Bomber 30 September 2010
-‐-‐ 1 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
Klaten bombs, Dec 2010-‐January 2011
-‐-‐ 7 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
ATTACK/PLOT Fatalities caused by terrorists
Arrested Killed by police
Recidivists
Book Bombs + Serpong church plot March 2011
-‐-‐ 17 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
Cirebon police mosque 15 April 2011 and Solo church, 25 September 2011
2 (bombers) 29 2 1
Shootings of police in Palu 25 May 2011
2 police 7 2 1+
Police poisoning plot -‐-‐ 6 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
Bima, Sumbawa radical pesantren June-‐July 2011
1 police 7 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
DI/NII arms smuggling + bigger plans July and November 2011
-‐-‐ 17 (+13 in Tawao)
-‐-‐ -‐-‐
Ambon bombings, late 2011 -‐-‐ 7
ATTACK/PLOT Fatalities caused by terrorists
Arrested Killed by police
Recidivists
Plot for Bali III, March 2012
5 3
Poso training and computer fraud, march-‐may 2012
-‐-‐ 9 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
Solo police shootings 8/2012
1 police 2 2
Santoso’s group, Poso
2 police 16 2 1+
Abu Hanifah group, oct 2012
-‐-‐ 8 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
Al-‐Q Indonesia\ (some ex-‐JI)
10 -‐-‐ 2
Makassar group, threw bomb at governor nov/12
-‐-‐ 5 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
¡ Helmy Priwardhani, accomplice in murder of police in Purworejo, Solo, April 2011, got six years despite being a recidivist, previously convicted of murder
Papuans charged under criminal code but usually given heavy sentences
Ferdinand Pakage, charged with killing security officer in 2006, got 15 years.
¡ Perfectly legitimate for government to arrest perpetrators under criminal code but few would call it terrorism.
¡ OPM has launched 37 attacks on the police alone since 2010 with 11 fatalities Funeral of Papuan policeman killed on
29 November 2012 by autonomous OPM unit in Lanny Jaya distrist
¡ Jihadis involved in embassy bombing said their goal was “to make Western nations tremble.”
¡ Most groups today far more instrumental: get weapons, avenge killings, test recruits, give members something to do.
Australian embassy bombing 2004
¡ Freeport shootings ¡ (18 incidents with 3 deaths between late 2009 and early 2010; 12 incidents with 10 fatalities between Oct 2011 and Feb 2012)
¡ Attacks on migrants ¡ German tourist in May 2012
Shooting of non-Papuan motorcycle taxi driver, Jayapura, June 2012
¡ Explosives found, but those arrested charged under emergency law 12/1951, not terrorism.
¡ Jihadis would have been charged under UU15/2003
KNPB Wamena 2011
1. Terrorism is a tactic using violence/threats with civilians as targets and with a political or ideological motive. So actions of this nature, regardless of religion, race, nationality etc can’t be tolerated, including by separatist groups.
2. If those considered terrorists are restricted to Islamic groups like JI, it will be very dangerous because it will reinforce the opinion that the issue of terrorism is only being used to weaken and make war on Islam – and then the Muslim majority’s support for efforts to combat terrorism will weaken.
Despite this concern, no prosecutions of Papuans under terrorism law – nor should there be – but why?
¡ Prosecutor in Palu was preparing murder case when she got instructions to change charges to terrorism for “balance”.
¡ Heavy sentences meted out.
Executed in 2006 for role in massacre in Islamic school in Poso, May 2000
Killings of Javanese workers in Dec 2011 and January 2012
Shootings of Freeport workers, 2010-2012
Why don’t we hear a peep out of BNPT or Detachment 88 that this is terrorism? It’s as though there is an MoU [in the govt] that ‘terrorist’ is a stamp (cap) that only applies to members of the Muslim ummah. If the government is consistent, then it should acknowledge that attacks motivated by ethno-‐nationalism and separatism be considered terrorism because they are carried out by an organisation with a political vision that uses terrorism to influence the security environment and challenge the sovereignty of the state. Why aren’t we seeing forces being sent en masse to cleanse Papua of separatism? Why is there such enthusiasm in Poso to declare a war on terrorism. It’s no wonder if people see Detachment 88 and BNPT as having been created with the goal of making war against Islamists. “ HTI, nov 2011
Ba’asyir: If KNPB men charged with possession of explosives had been Muslim, they surely would have been charged with terrorism.
HTI:
¡ “Densus 88 sweeps engineered to justify annihilation of Papuan resistance by Australian-‐funded troops.”
¡ Allegations that Densus killed Mako Tabuni
Papuan acivists alleging Detachment 88 is bent on their destruction while Islamists accuse it of ignoring Papua at their expense.
Don’t use terrorism law in Papua but use criminal code against jihadists involved in crimes that clearly fall within criminal code.
OBSTACLES: ¡ Advantages of anti-‐terror law
¡ Likely strengthening ¡ Anti-‐terrorism bureaucracy
¡ This debate would not be happening if jihadi organizations were still conducting large-‐scale bombings. It comes up because jihadi groups have been reduced to committing common crimes.
¡ That said, it’s striking how both sides feel a similar sense of discrimination – up to Indonesian justice system to show neutrality.