2013-02-18

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INDONESIAN NATIONALPOLICY & STRATEGY

by:Ir Emah Sudjimah MT

ONENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION 

MANAGEMENT 

KEMENTERIAN PEKERJAAN UMUM

Ir. Emah Sudjimah, MTPresented on:

WEPA International WorkshopSiem Reap, Cambodia, 18-20 Feb 2013

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS INDONESIA

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT FOR WATER RESOURCES POLLUTION CONTROL IN INDONESIA 

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Impact of Inadequate Sanitation Facilites & Improper Sanitation Behaviour in Indonesia 

The potential economic 

loss reaches 

50 of 1000 babies died of diarrhea 

75 % of the rivers are heavily polluted

USD 6.3 billion per 

annum (2,3% of GDP)

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140.000 tons of feces per day is polluting 

waterbody

1 mg/L BOD5 increases water production cost of IDR 9.17/m3

Community pays 25% higher price for water supply.

70% groundwater is polluted

Problem & Challenges

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Indonesian Basic Sanitation Status

69 51

72.54 76.82

80.00

Proportion of  Population with Sustainable Access to Basic Sanitation

53.64

69.51

72.78

33.96

38.50

38.97

55.5551.19

55.54

55.60

62.40

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

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11.10

24.81

0.00

10.00

20.00

Perkotaan

Perdesaan

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

MDG’s  Target Accomplishment Status 

TARGET 7C: To halve the number of people without access to basic sanitation

facilities by 2015

Indicator (Target 7C) Baselines (1993)

Former data (2009)

Latest data (2011)

MDG’starget (2015)

Gap to be fulfilled within 3 years

7.9 Proportion of households with sustainability access to basic sanitation (in total urban + non urban)

24,81% 51,19% 55,53% 62,41% 6,88%

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urban + non urban)

7.9.a Urban area 53,64% 69,51% 72,54% 76,82% 4,28%

7.9.b Non urban area 11,10% 33,96% 38,97% 55,55% 16,58%

How to accomplished the target???

Source: BPS, 2012

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Indonesian National Target for Wastewater Management

Indonesia FREE from Open 

National Target of Medium Term Development Plan (2010-2014)

do es a o OpeDefecation through development of :‐ Off site sewerage system coverage 10% (5% centralized WWTP + 5% communal WWTP)

‐ On site system coverage 90%.

•Indonesia FREE from Open Defecation 

•Centralized WW 

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treatment in 16 City•Communal WW treatment in 226 city

Cities Sanitation Development Acceleration Target

POLICY AND STRATEGY OF WASTEWATER SECTOR(Minister for Public Works Regulation No.16/PRT/M/2008)

1. Increase both community and private sectors participation in the

management of wastewater

2. Strengthening institution and improving operator’s capacity related to

wastewater management

3. Developing regulation related to domestic wastewater management

4. Increasing and developing alternatives of financial resources for

sanitation

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5. Increase access to wastewater facilities, both on-site and off-site

systems, in urban and rural areas to improve community’s health

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Wastewater Management Approach

Neighborhood City Wide Regional/National

Institutional BasedCommunity Based

Level

Approach

Wastewater infrastructure services based on demand responsive approach

Wastewater infrastructures development support inter cities/region coordination to protect watershed from human waste pollution

Adequate Sanitation: 1. Rural 2. Slum area

Metropolitan & Large Cities Off site/sewerage system

Medium & Small Cities - Integrated system of existing on-siteand new off-site sanitation

- Improved Septage Treatment Plant

On- Site sanitation and Small Scale Community Sewerage System (SANIMAS)

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(IPLT) and sludge services - Shallow/small bore sewer or small scale sewerage integrated to municipal sewage system to support revitalization program for old cities.

New Town- Develop small sewage system for Low

Cost Housing area- Encourage sewerage development for

new town

Clean River Program

(PROKASIH) or similar program

Decentralized Sanitation as A Solution To Fill The Gap Between Onsite & Offsite System

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Source: Adapted from Utomo (2012)

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PROPORTION ARRANGEMENT ON FINANCING THE SANITATION DEVELOPMENT

Centralized System

Communal System (intermediate)

On Site System

• WWTP• Primary & SecondaryPipe

National Budget

Local Budget

• Lateral Pipes

•House Connections

Could be from:‐ National Budget‐ National + Local Budget‐ Grant‐ Loan

National Budget

Local Budget

• Desludging Truck

• O&M• Local Regulation

Individual

•Septictank•Desludging Truck(private)

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Pipe Network

Connections Regulation

Septage Treatment Plantw/ MoU Local Government:•Regulation•Institutional Development Assistance

WWTP Suwung, Bali

SEWERAGE SYSTEM ON 13 METROPOLITAN/ BIG SCALE CITY IN INDONESIA

Bandung: WWTP Bojongsoang

Cirebon: WWTP Ade Irma, Kesenden, Perumnas Utara

Yogyakarta: WWTP Sewon

WWTP Sewon, Yogyakarta

Surakarta: WWTP Mojosongo & Semanggi

Bali: WWTP Suwung

Medan: WWTP Pulo Brayan

Prapat: WWTP Aji Bata

Balikpapan: WWTP Margasari

Banjarmasin: WWTP HKSN, Lambung Mangkurat, Pekapuran Raya, Basiri

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WWTP on Cirebon

Jakarta: WWTP Setiabudi & Malaka Sari

Tangerang: WWTP Sukasari

Manado: WWTP Boulevard

Batam: WWTP Batam Center

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2.440 / 12.560

‐ 0/ 2.000

Banjarmasin

Manado

CITY SCALE SEWERAGE STATUS OF INDONESIA

Total Capacity: 256.090 m3/dayTotal Used: 57,2 %Idle Capacity: 42,8%

13,251 11.082 / 4.418

31.185 / 19.815

160 / 640

150 / 2 70258.055 / 22.780

9.667 / 10.880

13.251 / 10.889

Tangerang

Bandung

Cirebon

Surakarta

DI Yogyakarta

Denpasar

Balikpapan

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5.650 / 4.350

115 / 1.885

75 / 2.777

22.000 / 16.880

150 / 2.702

‐ 10,000  20,000  30,000  40,000  50,000  60,000  70,000  80,000 

Medan

Parapat

Batam

Jakarta …

Tangerang

Used Capacity (M3/day) Idle Capacity (M3/day)

SEPTAGE TREATMENT IN INDONESIA

On site treatmentSeptage treatment plant

Septicktank (commonly used)

Biofilter

Desludging Truck Desludging Motorbike

1st treatment 2nd Treatment: Sludge drying bed

Collecting Transport

Indonesia have 150 septage treatment plant but 90% of the unit are not working optimal because of:

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g p

– Institutional problem 

– Most of the treatment are not in adequate condition

– Low loading input to the treatment system because of:

• Bad quality of septicktank (not waterproof) resulting of no sludge to be desluge by the transporting unit.

• Ilegal direct desludging to the water body

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PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES

•Pro poor orientation in the environmental sanitation infrastructures development.

•Pro community health improvement and environment protection/ conservation.

•Community based development approaches for all of the step of environmental sanitation infrastructures development and management

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infrastructures development and management.

•Demand responsive approaches for city wide environmental sanitation infrastructures development.

Community Based SanitationSANIMAS

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Old Pattern

Change of theWastewater Management Development Pattern

New Pattern

WHY SANIMAS?????

Old Pattern

TARGET ORIENTED

PUBLIC NEEDS ORIENTED

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• Low Public Awareness•The sanitation system are not sustainable 

•Community participated directly as the building component

•The sanitation system become sustainable 

COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION PROGRAM(SANIMAS)

Preconditions:- Urban slums with density > 150

pe/hap- Constructed with local and

relatively cheap material- Technology is chosen by

community with considering local needs

Basic Principles:

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- low cost- efficient- ease in operation and

maintenance- low energy usage- appropriate technology

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COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION (SANIMAS)

Year Total Province Total City/Regency Total Location

2003 6 6 2

2004 8 7 2

2005 11 10 3

2006 65 53 20

2007 124 80 22

2008 108 69 16

2009 100 65 17

2011 6 38

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2011 67 38 17

2012 82 43 18

2013 

(planned)

344 180 32

Total

(2003‐2012)571 169 30

Area Requirement

► Area of service for 200 – 800 people.► Area with physical sanitation problem and slum ► ea t p ys ca sa tat o p ob e a d s u

area.► Available space of 80m2 – 150 m2

► Area with water source (PDAM, dug well, spring resource) and a sewerage/drainage for waste water.(drainage system, river, etc).

► Willing to contribute in this project (in cash & in kind)

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kind).► Interested to implemented the Community Based

Sanitation (SANIMAS).

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SANIMAS STAGES

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COMMUNAL SEPTIC TANKS

3 models of URBAN COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION

COMMUNAL SHALLOW

SEWERS FOR 100 FAMILIES

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COMMUNAL BATH-WASH-

TOILET Plus ++

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CHOSEN COMPONENT

Community Based Sanitation

Disposal/ Reuse Component

Treatment C t

Choices

Choices

Maintenance & Operation Component

Choices

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Component

PipingComponent

ToiletComponent Choices

Choices

Choices

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SANIMAS

No ASPECT EXPLANATION

1. Targeted Wastewater

Both Greywater & Blackwater

2. Applied Technology Usually using Anaerobic BaffledBiorector & Biodigester

3. Sludge Treatment Regular desludging & treated at septage treatment plant

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septage treatment plant

4. Reduction of Pollutants

from above 200 mg/Liter BOD to  lower than 100 mg/Liter BOD)

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COMMUNAL TOILET

Consist of:• Upper Unit

(toilet, bathroom, washing area)• Wastewater Pipes• Treatment Unit (Usually used

Anaerobic Baffled bioreactor /

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Anaerobic Baffled bioreactor / anaerobic biofilter)

Completed with:• Biodigester (produced gas that can

be utilize for cooking and lighting)Suitable for:- Community without private toilet- Minimum 55 Houselohld related

with investment cost perhouseholds

COMMUNAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

Denpasar, Bali Province

Consist of :• Pipe Network

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• Pipe Network• Treatment Unit (Usually used Anaerobic Baffled

bioreactor / anaerobic biofilter)Completed with:• Private Toilet (not covered on SANIMAS)Suitable for:• Area with private toilet or the community willing to

built private toilet• Area with no space for communal toilet

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TREATMENT UNIT

Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor

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Anaerobic Biofilter

GUIDELINES FOR SANIMAS IMPLEMENTATION

• Guidelines book for

SANIMAS established by

Ministry of Public Works.

• The guidelines consist of all

stages of SANIMAS

Implementation

• The guidelines distributed

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among stakeholders and

facilitator.

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MANAGEMENT ASPECT OF SANIMAS

RESPONSIBILITIES• Socialization of SANIMAS Program.• Facilitator Training• Assistance for The Community Workplan Formulation

M t i l & W f C t tiCENTRAL

GOVERNMENT • Material & Wage for Construction• Providing Facilitator both Technical & Social• Monitoring of the SANIMAS sustainability

• Selection of Location• Assistance for The Community Workplan Formulation• Community Empowerment (Training for

CBO, Treasurer, Operator, Foreman, Enterpreneurship, O&M training)

• Hygiene & Health Campaign

GOVERNMENT

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

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• Provision of Land• O&M Support (1st year O&M cost, Influent & Effluent Lab Test

every 6 months, Desludging, Rehabilitation fund)

• Community Workplan Formulation (Community Based organization (CBO) establishment, technological Choices, DED, BOQ,)

• Operation adn maintenance of SANIMAS• O&M Routine Cost (from community retribution)

COMMUNITY

SANIMAS FACILITATOR

• SANIMAS Implementation assist by 2 facilitator

(Technical & Social)

• Criteria of Facilitator:Criteria of Facilitator:

Minimum Education : Diploma Healthy Having good ability of communicating and

speak local language fluently Familiar with the condition of SANIMAS area

(geographic & culture)

• Facilitator Trained for 7 days on the beginning of

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fiscal year (February –March)

• Training material given by various stakeholders

(MoPW, Ministry of Health, Ministry of National

Affairs, National Planning & Development Agency)

incooperated with BORDA.

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FUNDING SOURCE OF SANIMAS

• Facilitator Training All training expenses and accomodation• Material & Wage for Construction (around 40.000 USD)• Directly Transfered from MoPW To CBO Account as Social Aid

Fund

NATIONAL BUDGET Fund

• Facilitator Salary 9300 USD/Month) Facilitator contracted directly by MoPW

• Community Empowerment Fund (Socilization, Coordination Meeting)

• Foreman and CBO Training (3 days duration) All training expenses and accomodation

• Provision of Land• Hygiene campaign fund

BUDGET

LOCAL BUDGET

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• On cash to open a bank account under CBO name and initial operational cost (around 150 USD for 3 months duration)

• In kind land, material, worker• Operational and Maintenance cost (collected from households by

agreed duration (every months / every weeks / every usage)

COMMUNITYBUDGET

Operation of SANIMAS

• SANIMAS Operational and Maintenance

are responsibilities of CBO

• Usually CBO hired one person to operate

the SANIMAS system including cleaning

and maintenance.

• O&M cost collected from households

regularly by CBO usually monthly

basis (around 50 cents – 1 USD) or daily

usage basis (around 10 cents USD)

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usage basis (around 10 cents USD)

• Some CBO also received income from

another source small market of CBO

inside the communal toilet

area, contribution from local

government, etc.

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SANIMAS O&M Information for Community

Information of O&M for the Communal Toilet Operator

Information of O&M for the Community using private toilet

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SANIMAS O&M Information for Community

Information of O&M for the Communal Toilet / Communal WWTP Operator

3333

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MONITORING SYSTEM OF SANIMAS

• During SANIMAS implementation Central Government monitoring the progress from the beginning of SANIMAS process untill the SANIMAS operated done by supervision consultant and Provincial Working Unit of Environmental Sanitation Directorate Ministry of Public Works and also by

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT Sanitation Directorate, Ministry of Public Works and also by

the Facilitator hired by MoPW• After SANIMAS established, monitoring of the sustainability

of the SANIMAS infrastructure done annually by Directorate of Environmental Sanitation MoPW the results can be access by public on the database in the internet.

• During SANIMAS implementation Local Government monitoring the progress from the beginning of SANIMAS

till th SANIMAS t d

GOVERNMENT

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

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process untill the SANIMAS operated.• After the SANIMAS established monitoring activities

continued (together with the assistace and community empowerment

GOVERNMENT

• Community themselves monitoring the SANIMAS process through their participation on the process community could report to the local or central government if there any indication of manipulation between the process

COMMUNITY

LESSONS LEARNED

SANIMAS tend to be succesful if:

The appropriate type of system is built well and in the right The appropriate type of system is built well and in the right location.

The number of users is optimized and sustained Operation and maintenance by CBO is assisted by the

government. The development forms part of a broader sanitation plan. The CBO empowerment needs to be done continually

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(refreshment every 2 years).

Results of Evaluation by Ministry of Environment:

82 % of SANIMAS established are working well and have good quality of effluent.

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THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION

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