Disaster Outlook 2016:

Policy and Legislation ChallengesSyamsul Ardiansyah

Dompet Dhuafa - National Platform for Disaster Risk Reductionhttp://planasprb.net

syamsul@dompetdhuafa.org

2015: a year of transition• As July 2015, an estimated 114 million people in assessed countries were in need of humanitarian

assistance, compared to 40 million just over ten years ago…• “Leaving No One Behind: Humanitarian Effectiveness in the Age of Sustainable Development Goals” – OCHA Policy and Studies Series.

• The world today spent around $25 billion to provide life saving assistance to 125 million people devastated by war and natural disaster, it is twelve time greater than fifteen years ago. Despite generosity of donors, there are funding gaps estimated $15 billion.

─ “Too important to fail—addressing the humanitarian financial gaps”: High Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing (January 2016)

• Asia and the Pacific is the world’s most disaster prone region. • Over the period 2005-2014, the region had 1,625 reported disaster events – over 40% of the global total;

• Approximately 500,000 people lost their lives, and around 1.4 billion people were affected or of the world totals, the region accounted for 60 per cent of deaths and 80 per cent of those affected.

• At the same time there was vast economic damage – $523 billion worth – accounting for 45 percent of global damage.

• Over the period 2005-2014 the most disaster prone sub-region was South-East Asia, with 512 events and 177,000 deaths – three per 100,000 people

─ Asia Pacific Disaster Report 2015: Disaster Without Borders

Agenda 2030

Sendai Framework for

DRR

Sustainable Development

Goals

Paris Agreement

17 Goals that—compare to 8 MDGs—has more ambitious target (from “halfing” to “zero”); goes beyond the symptoms of poverty to issue of peace, stability, human rights, and good governance;

Who will be funded the process?

7 targets; 13 Guiding principles; 4 priority of actions; 91 activities at National-Local and Global-Regional level.

Finance, Technology transfer, and princip“CBDR&RC”

Limiting global temperature increase below 2 degrees C, making nationally determined contribution as legally binding, and extending global commitment to $100 billion per years in 2020.

Principle “CBDR” vs Applicable to all

• AADMER Work Plan 3.0

• Asia Pacific Regional Plan on

SFDRR

Decreased disaster risk

index in the high risk centers of

growth

Internalization of disaster risk reduction in the national and local level development framework.

Decrease vulnerability to disaster

Increase capacity of Government, Local Government, and Community in Disaster Management

7

Disaster Management is not only about life saving activities, but as an investment to secure all development’s gain.

To achieve economic independence by moving

the strategic sectors to domestic economy.

2004-09: Building Commitments

DM Law 24/2007; PP 21, 22, 23/2008, Perpres 8/2008; BNPB, BPBD, and National Platform

2010-14: Basic Foundation

5th AMCDRR Yogyakarta ; RenasPB, RAN PRB, MP12; Funding from Rp.150 M to Rp.5T (up 3.300%)

2015-19: Enhance Effectiveness

Review UU 24/2007; PenguatanKapasitas PersonilPB yang Professional danahli ; World Class Training Center; DRR Knowledge Center

Supermarket of Disaster

Laboratorium of Disaster

Center of Knowledge Management

Source: BNPB

Let’s make some reality check

Disaster Risk Governance has been developed

Policy and Regulation

• Law No. 24 year 2007

• Government Regulation No. 21, 22, and 23 year 2008.

• Regulations of the Chief of BNPB

• Local Regulation on Disaster Management at Provincial and District/City Level

Institutions

• BNPB established in 2008

• BPBD at Provincial and District Level

Planning

• National Disaster Management Plan

• DRR Action Plan

• Local DM Plan

• Master Plan of 12 hazards

Finance

• National Budget for DM has been increased.

MultistakeholderCollaboration

• National and Local Platform of DRR

• Active role of CSOs in DRR

• Establishment of cluster coordination system

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

4

Environmental andnat-res management

social and economicdevelopment

practices

Risk reduction oneconomic activities

Settlement andbuilding code

post disasterrecovery

risk impactprocedure oninfrastructure

Priority 4: Reducing Underlying Risk Factors

2007-09 2009-11 2011-13 2013-15

Indonesia Progress on DRRAccording to HFA 2005-2015

Priority for Action 2007-09 2009-11 2011-13 2013-15

1 Policy and Institution 3.25 3.5 3.5 3.5

2. Understanding Risk and EWS 3 4 3.75 4

3 Use of knowledge and education 2.5 3 4 4

4 Reducing underlying risk factors 3.16 3.5 3.33 3.33

5 Preparedness 3.25 2.75 3.5 3.5

Average 3.03 3.35 3.61 3.66

HFA report was basically saying that “Institutional commitment attained, but achievement are neither comprehensive nor substantial”

Pengetahuan bencana meningkat, tapi belum berdampak signifikan.Avr: 2.5

Disaster Trend in Indonesia 2002-2015

Update: 14-12-2015

Source: BNPB

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tsunami Gempabumi dan Tsunami Gempabumi

Letusan Gunungapi Gelombang Pasang / Abrasi Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan

Kekeringan Banjir dan Tanah Longsor Tanah Longsor

Puting Beliung Banjir

1.582

1.9671.941

1.633

1.811

1.674

143

403

775

599

740816

1.073

1.246

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

0100200300400500600

Disaster Events, Fatality, and Affected People in 2015

Number of Events Fatality Affected

Of 1.582 disaster event in 2015, 240 people were loss their life; 1.18 million displaced, 24.365 houses damaged, 484 public facility also damaged.

More-than 95% of it was caused by hydro-meteorological hazards and human-induced disaster, dominated by extreme weather, landslide, and floods. Landslide still be the most deadly type of disaster.

What about drought in 2015 El nino?

Central Java 363 4.6

East Java 291 4.7

West Java 209 4.2

West Sumatra 93

Aceh 85

13.5 of 28 millionpeople in absolute poverty live in 3 most prone provinces in Indonesia

Java Region58.3%

Sumatra Region22.31%

80.66%of the GDP

contributed by two most

hazardous places in Indonesia

Five Provinces Most Affected by Disaster in 2015

Years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Gini Ratio 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.41

Data: BNPB, BPS

0 5E+12 1E+13 1.5E+13

Pre-Disaster

During Disaster

Post Disaster

2015 Budget Alocated

Rp 19 trillion

Budget for DM in 2015

Rp 15 trillion spread over

28 Ministries / Agencies

Rp 1.68 trillion in DIPA

BNPB while Rp 13.32

trillion in DIPA 27 K / L.

Rp 4 trillion Reserve Fund for Disaster

Management in the Ministry

of Finance Rp 2.5 trillion for emergency handling and Rp 1.5 trillion

for the disaster.

2015 National Budget Allocation on Disaster Management

An average of only 0.02-0.07% of the total budget annually allocated for disaster management in the region.

Lesson learnt from the 2015 Forest and Peatland Fires

• 24 people died, more than 600,000 people suffer from respiratory infection; More than 60 million people are exposed to the haze..

• 2.61 million hectares of forest were burned (compare to 1997 = 9.2 million hectares);

• Economic losses of Rp 221 trillion. It's beyond the health sector and education (1997 loss of Rp60 trillion) or 1.5% of Gross Domestic Product. Losses germplasm, carbon and other emissions.

• BNPB spent Rp 720 billion; these costs outside of the funds expended by KLHK, Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Health, and other stakeholders.

• Most of the fires were actually happened in peatland and create worst haze.

• Around 89% fires outside of protected areas and 51% outside of concessions.

• Socio-tenurial and access to land was the background of fire and haze which always recurrent in the last 10 years.

What was lacking?

• Almost no systematic and directed effort to control the fires. Fires are not anticipated early, left to develop enlarged and difficult to control.

• Government resources were mobilized to extinguish the fire is not comparable with the area that has to be overcome.

• Efforts to address the impact seems to be inadequate and not focused, especially in the aspect of health for vulnerable groups.

• Government, especially local government, did not have proper scenarios to anticipate disruption caused by haze in order to maintain the continuity of basic public services, particularly in education.

Our Challenges!

• NAWACITA Demands Greater Impact — Inline with SFDRR, NAWACITA has stressed that disaster management policy will no longer limited as life saving activities but now it become an investment to build resilience.

• By referring to HFA report, risk reduction in economic activities should be focused and become the first priorities of disaster management development policies in Indonesia. Leaderships and strong institutional arrangement will be required, since disaster management should not only reduce the risk but also prevent the creation of new risk.

• Policy innovation. In addition to the progress that has been achieved at the national level, Indonesia still faces considerable challenges in the disaster risk governance at the local level. It takes creativity and policy innovations to encourage equitable resources distribution.

• Partnership and mutual accountability. By utilizing national and local DRR platform, partnership with private sectors, philanthropic institutions, faith-based organization, community/people based organization, could be initiated which is based on mutual accountability. Thus multi-stakeholder collaboration can play an important role in order to close the gap of resources and capacity at the local level.

• In the context of national disaster management policy all above shall be started by reviewing and improving our basic foundation of disaster risk governance in Indonesia. It is time to review the Law No. 24 year 2007 on Disaster Management.

Terima kasih

Syamsul Ardiansyah

National Platform of Disaster Risk Reduction

Jln. KH Wahid Hasyim No. 2 Jakarta Pusat20340. Phone +62-21-3928755, 3151869 www.planasprb.net

E-mail: syamsuladzic@gmail.com, syamsul@dompetdhuafa.org

The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction is a container of multi-stakeholder cooperation in the framework of mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in Indonesia.

Formed in 2009 and the HFA period (2005-2015) has been actively contribute in facilitating national reporting HFA and also in strengthening the capacity of the forums disaster risk reduction at the local level.

There are more than 100 organizations that are members, consisting of government agencies, non-government, academia, the media, and the private sector.

Jln. KH Wahid Hasyim No. 2 Jakarta Pusat 20340. Phone +62-21-3928755, 3151869 www.planasprb.net

Dhuafa Dhuafa was formed in 1993 as managing public funds (infaq, zakat, alms, and waqaf/endowments) for poverty alleviation and community empowerment, which is actualized in the form of economic empowerment, health, education, and social-humanitarian.

In carrying out its mission, Dompet Dhuafa not only focus in the country, but also has developed services to several countries.

Dompet Dhuafa is a founding member of the World Zakat Forum, Humanitarian Forum Indonesia, a member of the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, and other cooperation forums.

Jln. Ir. H. Djuanda No. 50. Komp. Ciputat Indah Permai, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan. Telp. 7416050. http://dompetdhuafa.org/