individualization principles and guidelines
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Dr. Edilberto I. Dizon. Individualization Principles and Guidelines. I NDIVIDUALIZATION. The benchmark of special education. It is a crucial component in SPED programs. P rinciples of I ndividualization. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IndividualizationPrinciples and Guidelines
Dr. Edilberto I. Dizon
INDIVIDUALIZATION
The benchmark of special education
It is a crucial component in SPED programs
• No two special learners can ever be the same; hence, helping them will differ/vary from child to child.
Principles of Individualization
• The modification of specific school variables (e.g. placement, curriculum, instruction, support system, physical structure, etc.) for the child based on assessment findings.
Principles of Individualization
• Whatever type of placement can be an appropriate setting for individualization.
Principles of Individualization
• Individualization may be implemented by regular teachers, SPED teachers, parents, and other professionals.
Principles of Individualization
• To facilitate learning, significant people should collaborate in the implementation of the individualized educational program.
Principles of Individualization
• Individualization should be planned and implemented in the child’s context/milieu.
Principles of Individualization
Designing the
• A systematic, purposive, and developmental educational programming of curricular and instructional priorities and contents designed to meet a child’s special needs and aimed at ensuring mastery of learning of target skills and behaviors (Dizon, 1999)
Individualized Educational
Plan
• Psychomotor
• Psychosocial
• Cognitive
• Language-Communication
• Self-Help Skills
Target Areas
• Vocational
Where can we individualize?
Venues for
Individualization
An IEP… • is prepared BEFORE implementation.
• Translates diagnostic findings into educational terms
• Utilizes of programmed task analysis
Principles of IEP
Preparation
• Relies on the best judgment of the helper
• Is a developmental process
• Permits room for flexibility
Principles of IEP
Preparation
• Has a built-in provision of involvement of the family and other specialists
• Specifies teacher-initiated activities
• Necessitates evaluation of the child’s progress / gains
Principles of IEP
Preparation
Review the psychoeducational assessment report
Steps in Designing an IEP
Identify and list down priorities
Steps in Designing an IEP
Program the priorities across developmental areas
Steps in Designing an IEP
Programming of Developmentally-Sequenced Priorities in the Different Areas
FO
UR
TH
TH
IRD
SE
CO
ND
FIR
ST
QT
R Physical Health/Gross Motor
Fine Motor & Vocational
PsychosocialLanguage-Cognitive
Self-Help
1. Increasing impulse control.2. Observing class routine.3. Following commands requiring mobility.
(continuing)
1. Increasing attending skills.2. Performing visual-
motor tasks using didactic materials.
(continuing)
1. Imitating positive behaviors of peers.2. Extinguishing tactile stimulation.3. Extinguishing fixation on objects.
(continuing)
1. Cueing needs verbally.2. Increasing vocabulary.3. Saying his name when asked for it.4. Extinguishing echolalia.
(continuing)
1. Eating at table until completion of meal.2. Eating with spoon.3. Eating with fork.4. Eating with spoon & fork simultaneously.
(continuing)
1. Imitating movements/ rhythmic exercises.2. Performing gross-motor exercises.
(continuing)
1. Increasing attending skills.2. Performing visual-
motor tasks using didactic materials.
(continuing)
1. Minimizing tantrums.2. Extinguishing hitting others when upset.3. Delaying need gratification.
(continuing)
1. Increasing cognitive- readiness skills using concrete and figural representations.2. Using personal pronouns: I, me, mine.3. Using yes & no appropriately
(continuing)
1. Putting on shoes.2. Removing clothes including unzipping and unbuttoning.3. Putting on clothes including zipping and buttoning.
(continuing)
1. Engaging in associative play.2. Using age-appropriate play facilities.
(continuing)
1. Performing practical tasks requiring fine- motor skills.2. Performing paper- pencil tasks.
(continuing)
1. Joining in school programs.2. Requesting/Borrowing.3. Using simple polite expressions appropriately.
(continuing)
1. Matching numbers with object equivalent.2. Addressing more people.3. Answering who & what questions.
(continuing)
1. Washing hands.2. Using hanky/towel for drying or wiping hands, mouth and face.
(continuing)
1. Engaging in cooperative play.2. Discriminating and avoiding dangers.
(continuing)
1. Performing practical tasks requiring fine- motor skills.2. Observing age- appropriate rules.
(continuing)
1. Distinguishing permissible (positive) and non-permissible (negative) behaviors.2. Observing age- appropriate rules.
(continuing)
1. Expressing self in short sentences.2. Reporting simple incidents.
(continuing)
1. Combing hair.2. Brushing teeth.
(continuing)
Design the IEP• Terminal Objectives• Enroute Objectives• Lessons/Activities/Procedures• Duration • Special Provisions and Services• Evaluation
Steps in Designing an IEP
ComponentComponents s
of an IEPof an IEP
ComponentComponents s
of an IEPof an IEP
Remember..!Remember..!Remember..!Remember..!The IEP must be The IEP must be understood by the understood by the least-prepared teacherleast-prepared teacher
PriorityPriorityPriorityPriority
Derived from the PDSPDerived from the PDSP
Terminal Terminal ObjectiveObjectiveTerminal Terminal ObjectiveObjective
the RESULT objectivethe RESULT objective
Enroute Enroute ObjectiveObjectiveEnroute Enroute
ObjectiveObjective
the PROCESS objectivethe PROCESS objective
LessonsLessonsActivitiesActivities
ProceduresProcedures
LessonsLessonsActivitiesActivities
ProceduresProceduresplanning developmentally-planning developmentally-
appropriate tasksappropriate tasks
DurationDurationDurationDuration
time allotment for each time allotment for each activityactivity
provisions for provisions for generalization & masterygeneralization & mastery
Special Special Provisions & Provisions &
ServicesServices
Special Special Provisions & Provisions &
ServicesServices
setting the success criteriasetting the success criteria
Instructional Instructional EvaluationEvaluation
Instructional Instructional EvaluationEvaluation