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Individual Sow TreatmentsIndividual Sow Treatments13th Discover Conference on Food Animal 3 sco e Co e e ce o ood a

Agriculture: Sow Productive LifetimeThe Brown County Inn Nashville, Indiana

September 9-12 2007September 9 12, 2007

Dr Pa l YeskeDr. Paul YeskeSwine Vet Center, P.A.

St. Peter, MN USA

Swine Vet Center Swine Vet Center Veterinary ConsultantsVeterinary Consultants

Darwin Reicks

Tim Loula

Paul Yeske

Jeff Feder

Mike Eisenmenger

Ross Kiehne

Brad Leuwerke

LauraBruner

Swine Vet CenterSwine Vet CenterSt. Peter, Minnesota

Individual Sow TreatmentsIndividual Sow Treatments

• Defining the problemDefining the problem• What to look for

H t t t i l• How to treat animals• Specific treatments• Vaccination (prevention)• CullingCulling• Euthanasia

Sow Mortality Death SpiralToo many sows fall out and/or die

Need more replacements, so up selection raterate

Bring in marginal animals and keep oldBring in marginal animals and keep old sows

Death loss increases

Repeat the above

RetentionRetention

Average Target

30

Average Target

15

20

25

5

10

15

0

Gilts not farrowing P1 not making P2 P2 not making P3

CalculationCalculation

• Using PigCHAMPUsing PigCHAMP• Use a Parity Distribution

O– One year– Broken out 0..6,7+

• Gilts removed + Died / Gilts entered• P1’s culled + Died / P1’s Farrowed• P2’s culled + Died / P2’s Farrowed

Percent by Parity at 90% Retention to all Parities30

15

20

25

rcen

t

242322

0

5

10Pe 21201918

Percent by Parity at 80% Retention to all Parities

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+Parity

20253035

nt

242322

5101520

Perc

en 21201918

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+

Parity

Retention Rate by Parity

Retention Rate for 2 sow FarmsRetention Rate by Parity

92% 89% 93% 89% 87%81%

69%70%80%90%

100%

51%

20%30%40%50%60%

Perc

ent

0%10%20%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+Parity

Retention Rate by Parity

82% 86% 90% 86%75%

67% 67%70%80%90%

100% Retention Rate

20%30%40%50%60%70%

Perc

ent

0%10%20%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+Parity

Early DetectionEarly Detection

• #1 Key to successful treatment outcome#1 Key to successful treatment outcome– If you are late to begin treatment, success of

treatment will be marginaltreatment will be marginal– Timing is everything

Sow ObservationsSow Observations• Devote the time to

the jobthe job– Take your time

Walk slowly– Walk slowly– Look them all over

carefullycarefully– Be prepared to stop

and look over individuals

– Keep your mind on your task (don’t worryyour task (don’t worry about the rest of the day)

Physical ExamPhysical Exam• Difficult to doDifficult to do

in cratesG–Get her out of the crate

–Observe her walkingwalking

Physical ExamTh tThermometer:

• Bring a thermometer with youBring a thermometer with you• Animals with an infection will

often have an elevated body ytemperature

• The average temperature for g pa pig is 102.5° F– Temperatures over 104°F need

iattention

DiagnosisDiagnosis• Putting the pieces together

P bl ill b i th 7 t i• Problems will be in these 7 categories1. Management2 Digestive2. Digestive 3. Respiratory 4 Reproductive4. Reproductive 5. Mammary 6. Lameness7. CNS (central nervous system)

Sow Observations

ManagementFresh waterFresh feed

Good quality feedCorrect environment

Fix water supplyClean out feederRelay feed quality

concerns to manager

LamenessCracked hooves

Swollen legs / jointsWounds

Favoring one leg

TreatTrim long hoovesKick out if severe

Did the sow get up? Did the sow start eating?Are the pigs full bellied?

No

DigestivePale

ConstipatedDiarrhea (bloody?)

TreatWalk around

Kick out if severe

Yes

Sow is OK

TreatCheck environment

Kick out?

RespiratoryBreathing hard / fast

CoughSnotty nose

Fever

Sow is OK

eatm

ent S

heet

ReproductiveDischarge

Pushing / StrainingRed, bulging eyes

Fever

Retained pig? (sleeve)Treat

Mammary Big hungry pigs

See

Tre

MammaryUnderline hard

SwollenRed, Hot

Gaunt, skinny litterFever (+ / -)

Big, hungry pigsOxytocin

WalkTreat

PRINTCNS

UncoordinatedHead tilting

Bumps and scrapesEyes can't focus

TreatKick out

ManagementManagement

• Does the sow haveDoes the sow have everything she needs to do well?– Good water– Good feed– Good environment

• She is totally d d t !dependent on us!

WaterWater• Water is a basic need

– Plentiful• Flow rate - Running at 1-2

cups per 15 seconds (1-2 p p (quarts per minute)

• Pressure – not so high it’s spraying all overp y g

– Pressure regulator set at <10 psi

– QualityQuality• No odor • No discoloration

Quality FeedQuality Feed

• Watch for:Watch for:– Bad smell– Discoloration– Particle size too fine

Check BinsCheck Bins

• Bins should be routinely checked for build upsBins should be routinely checked for build ups

Decisions / Prognosis…gQuestions you need to ask yourself when finding a sick / injured sow

• How likely is she to respond?respond?

• If you do believe she will respond howwill respond, how long do you believe the treatment will take?

Decisions / Prognosis…gQuestions you need to ask yourself when finding a sick / injured sow

• If you don’t think she’s• If you don t think she s going to get better, do you think she’s going to make it onto the cull truck?

• If not, she’ll need to be humanely destroyed y yright away

Sow TreatmentsSow Treatments

C d f• Come prepared for most anything you find– If you see it, you canIf you see it, you can

deal with it and not forget about it laterReduces chance of– Reduces chance of treating inappropriately because you don’tbecause you don’t have the correct supplies

Treatment Kit• Have supplies in a tote or

utility beltutility belt• Bring things that you need:

– Thermometer– Medications– Syringe Two types of treatment kits– Extra needles– Container to place used

needles

Two types of treatment kits

needles– Marking chalk/Paint stick– PenPen– Sow treat sheet

How to Get it DoneHow to Get it Done

• Injection sitesInjection sites– Neck

• (best for treatment due to higher volumes of• (best for treatment due to higher volumes of injection)

Injections: I l I j i (IM)Intramuscular Injections (IM)• Most Injectable treatmentsMost Injectable treatments

on the sow farm are given intramuscularly

• Give all intramuscular injections in the neck

Injections:A Gi A O TiAmount Given At One Time• Never give more thanNever give more than

10 cc’s in one injection site

• If you’re giving them more than 10 cc’s, inject them twice at separate locations

Injections:P l S fPersonal Safety• Injections do cause pain and

ill jsows will jump• Before giving an injection

make sure the sow or gilt is t distanding

• Never reach in farther than your elbow when giving a treatment or vaccination in atreatment or vaccination in a crate – This could leave you with a

smashed hand/arm if you’resmashed hand/arm if you re unprepared

– Ask your supervisor for recommendations about how to give injections safelygive injections safely

Injections:K S i A d N dl ClKeep Syringes And Needles Clean

Infection caused by poor sanitation

TreatmentTreatment

• Injection materialsInjection materials– Nylon syringes work well

• Durable and easy to clean• Durable and easy to clean– Needle size

• 16 x 1-1/2”16 x 1 1/2 • Ensures intramuscular injection• Reduces amount of leak back material

Syringes:Cleaning And Care

• Syringes should be kept clean

Wh fi i h d ith– When finished with them, rinse with warm water

– For vaccine syringes, rinse with sterile water

– Store in a clean andStore in a clean and dry environment

• Replace rubber seals d das needed

Needles:G l G id liGeneral Guidelines• Never use bent needles

– They can break off under the skin• Carry extra needles with you• Check needles for burrs by sliding the Bent needlesy g

needle over the back of your finger– If you feel a sharp edge it has a burr,

discard the needle and do not use it K th dl l d h• Keep the needles clean and change needles periodically– At least every 10 animals

Burr

Needle DisposalNeedle Disposal• Dispose of used

needles properly– Put them into a sharps

container– Do not throw them

onto the floor• Animals might lick

them upthem up– Do not throw them

into the pitsinto the pits• May end up in the field

Sow Treatment Sheet

• Most facilities have a list of veterinarianlist of veterinarian recommended drugs to use for various

blproblems– Some are small and

laminated so you canlaminated so you can carry them with you

• Follow the directions thi li t t d t ion this list to determine

what to treat your animals with

Drug Withdrawals• Most drugs and vaccines have

withdrawalswithdrawals– Cull sows have the highest incidence of drug

residue problems and are the most frequentlyresidue problems and are the most frequently tested animals at the slaughterhouse

– Withdrawal times are different for each drugg

Drug WithdrawalsWithdrawal Times: Injectable Medications

Brand Name Ingredient Manufacturer Target Use Dose US Withdrawal Japanese WD New WithdrawalDexamethasone dexamethasone any brand N, GF 2mg/ml not registered 14 daysExcede Excede: 100mg/ml Pfizer P, N, (GF) 1cc/44 lb 14 days not registered 71 daysExcenel Excenel: 50mg/ml Pfizer N, GF see dose range 4 days not registered 14 daysBanamine S flunixin meglumine: 50mg/ml Schering all 1cc/50 lb 12 days 28 days 28 daysLA 200 or Duramycin oxytetracycline: 200mg/ml any brand N, GF 1cc/25 lb 28 days 30 days 30 daysT t d 300 28 d 30 dTetradure 300 Merial 28 days 30 daysLincomycin 300 linco 300: 300mg/ml any brand S, GF 1cc/60 lb 2 days not registered 4 daysNaxcel Naxcel: 50mg/ml Pfizer P, N, GF see dose range 4 days 10 days 4 daysOxytocin oxytocin: 20iu/ml any brand S 5-20 iu/sow N/A 0 daysProcaine Pen G procaine penicillin G: 300,00 iu/ml any brand all 300,000unit/ml 7 days 14 daysPolyflex ampicillin: 25 gm/bottle (200mg/ml) Ft. Dodge P, N, GF 1cc/15 lb not registered 28 daysTylan 200 tylosin 200: 200mg/ml any brand all 200mg/ml 14 days 28 days 28 daysEstrumate cloprostenol Schering not registered 7 days 7 daysN fl i j t bl t i t d 45 dNuflor injectable florfenicol Schering not registered 45 daysPG 600 PMSG and HCG Intervet N/A 0 days

Withdrawal Times: Water Soluble MedicationsBrand Name Ingredient Manufacturer Target Use Dose US Withdrawal Japanese Withdrawal TimPaul Withdrawal

Denegard tiamulin Novartis N, GF 3.5 mg/lb 3 days 10 days 10 daysLincomycin WS lincomycin Pfizer N, GF 0 days 3 days 3 daysNeomycin soluable neomycin any brand N, GF 50gm/pack 3 to 20 days 10 daysTetracyclines (OTC or C oxytetracycline; chlortetracycline any brand N, GF 10 mg/lb 0 days 5 days 14 daysTetracyclines (OTC or C oxytetracycline; chlortetracycline any brand N, GF 10 mg/lb 0 days 5 days 14 daysTylan soluable tylosin WS ELANCO N, GF 100gm/jar 2 days 3 days 3 daysAspirin products aspirin any brand all 460gm/bottle 4 daysNuflor florfenicol Schering N, GF 16 days 3 days 16 daysWazine piperazine any brand S .34gm/ml 21 days 21 daysLevasole levamisole Schering 3 days 5 days 5 daysAmoxicillin 30 days

Withdrawal Times: Feed Grade MedicationsBrand Name Ingredient Manufacturer Target Use Dose US Withdrawal Japanese Withdrawal Tim/Paul Withdrawal

Denegard tiamulin Novartis S,N,GF 10 g/ton 0 days 7 days 7 daysDenegard tiamulin Novartis S,N,GF 35 g/ton 2 days 7 days 7 daysLincomycin lincomycin in feed Pfizer S,N,GF 40 g/ton 0 days 4 days 4 daysLincomycin lincomycin in feed Pfizer S,N,GF 20 g/ton 0 days 4 days 4 daysCTC chlortetracycline: 400 gm Alpharma S,N,GF 400g/ton 0 days 7 days 14 daysOTC oxytetracycline: 400 gm Phibro S,N,GF 400g/ton 0 days 5 days 14 daysTylan tylosin Elanco S,N,GF 100 g/ton 0 days 3 days 0 daysTylan tylosin Elanco S,N,GF 40 g/ton 0 days 3 days 0 daysAtgard C dichlorvos BI S,N,GF 0 days

Treatment Identification SystemTreatment Identification System

• Record on individual sow cardRecord on individual sow card– Use chalk mark for daily treatments

• Color for day• Color for day• Color for product injected

– Fill out treatment cardFill out treatment card

A Farrowing Card Example:Cull Sow

Cull

Withdrawal information

Cull information

TreatmentTreatment

• Treatment doesn’t have to be with aTreatment doesn t have to be with a syringe

Mats for lame sows– Mats for lame sows– Self feeders for ulcer sows

Hoof trimming for overgrown toes and sore– Hoof trimming for overgrown toes and sore padsCopper sulfate footbath for foot injuries– Copper sulfate footbath for foot injuries

Nursing Care• Good nursing care is as

important as treatments– Put them in pens

• Lame sows have more room to get up

Mats can help give better– Mats can help give better footing

• Ulcer sows have the benefit of full feed

• Reduce stress with less competition

– Sometimes just a walk around the barn will help the sow feelthe barn will help the sow feel better

• It may also allow you to see a problem that you might have

i dmissed

Treatment of problem conditionsTreatment of problem conditions

• AbortionsAbortions– Determine cause

• Make sure sow has completed abortion• Make sure sow has completed abortion• Late term sows may need to be sleeved to help

them through the aborting process• Sow running fever

– Banamine Short Acting Penicillin– Short Acting Penicillin

• No fever– Short Acting Penicillin


• Abortion stormsAbortion storms• Multiple abortions due to viral infection

such as PRRS and SIVsuch as PRRS and SIV• Treat affected animals and any off feed

individuallyindividually • Rows of animals affected or showing

clinical signsclinical signs• Treat with Aspirin in the water for 2-4 days

depending on clinical signsdepending on clinical signs

Treatment of problem conditions

• Loose stool


Loose stool– Black tarry stool

• Ileitis– Tylan injection

» 3 days in a row– Linco injectionj

» 3 days in a row– Tylan or Linco in feed

» 2 weeks» 2 weeks– Review vaccination status and process– Begin vaccinating herd or replacements if not already in

placep

Treatment of problem conditions• Loose stool


– Black tarry stool• Gastric ulcers

– Move animal to pen with self feeder or feed multiple times per day if no pen is available.


• Loose stool


Loose stool– Normal colored

Tylan injection– Tylan injection • 3 days in a row

Treatment of problem conditions• Coughing sows

Treatment of problem conditionsg g

– Determine type of cough• Mycoplasma

– Injectable» Long Acting Tetracycline » Tylan» Linco» If severe Draxxin» If severe, Draxxin

– Water medication» Tetracycline

– Feed medication» Tetracycline

– Vaccination» Begin herd vaccination if not already in place


• Coughing sows


Coughing sows– Determine type of cough

• APP/A Suis• APP/A. Suis – Injectable

» Penicillin 3 days in a row– Vaccination

» Begin vaccination protocol if not already in place


• Coughing sows


Coughing sows– Determine type of cough

• SIV– Injectable

» Banamine» Long Acting Tetracyclineg g y

– Water medication» Begin Aspirin treatment for the herd 2-4 days

depending on clinical signsp g g» Tetracycline in water for 5 days following the Aspirin

– Feed medication» Tetracycliney

Treatment of problem conditions• Erysipelas lesions

Treatment of problem conditionsy p

– Signs• Stiff and sore joints on sows (sows slow to get up)• Red raised diamond skin lesions• Red raised diamond skin lesions

– Treatment• Injection

– Penicillin injection 3 days in a row• Feed medication

– Tetracycline in gestation dietV i ti• Vaccinations

– Booster sow herd vaccination– Review vaccination protocol and products used

Treatment of problem conditionsTreatment of problem conditions• Discharges

L l di h (l th 10 )– Low volume discharge (less than 10 cc)• Inject with Penicillin• Note on sows record• Note on sows record

– High volume discharges (greater than 10 cc) and at normal cycling time (day 18-21 cycle)and at normal cycling time (day 18-21 cycle)

• Best to cull animals, response to treatment is poor• Review breeding procedures; make sure no late g p ;

estrus services being performed


• Cystitis (bladder infection)Cystitis (bladder infection)– Clinical signs

• Puss or blood at end of urination• Puss or blood at end of urination• Urine may have foul smell

– TreatmentTreatment• Penicillin 3 days in a row• If no response, try Polyflex 3 days in a rowp y y y• If a number of animals in the herd, then acidify

drinking water


• LamenessLameness– Clinical signs

• Individually affected joints• Individually affected joints– Treatment

• DexamethasoneDexamethasone– 1 single treatment

• Tylan injection– 3 days in a row


• LamenessLameness– Clinical signs

• Multiple joints affected• Multiple joints affected• Stiff and sore• Difficulty in getting upy g g p

– Treatment• Dexamethasone

– 1 treatment only

• Penicillin 3 d i– 3 days in a row


• Sore pads or over grown toe(s)Sore pads or over grown toe(s)– Trim affected feet as needed

Place a rubber mat under sows– Place a rubber mat under sows so they can get up and down easiereasier

– Use Copper Sulfate footbath on movements to and from farrowing ghouse

Trimming Pads with Hoof KnifeTrimming Pads with Hoof Knife

Trimming HoofsTrimming Hoofs

Trimming DewclawsTrimming Dewclaws

Treatment in LactationTreatment in Lactation

• Use of feed-grade medication in farrowingUse of feed grade medication in farrowing• Sow livability

Pi l t i bilit• Piglet survivability• Better performance in the next litter• Faster wean to first service interval

Treatment in LactationTreatment in LactationSummary Pulmotil 181 grams CTC 400 gramsPiglet Mortality per Litter 1.3 1.4WEAN1STSERVINT 6.1 6.6subsequent Totalborn 12.6 12.3

b B li 11 2 10 8subsequent Bornalive 11.2 10.8

Dr. Ross Kiehne

VaccinationsVaccinations

• SitesSites– Hip

• Works well in crated gestation buildings• Works well in crated gestation buildings• Easy access for injection• Less injury for staffj y

– Neck• Still a good site but more of a challenge in cratesg g• Best site in pens

Vaccination SchedulesVaccination SchedulesVaccination Schedule Update Date 12/1/2002

Animal Timing Product Dosage Injection WithdrawalNew gilts In week post arrival / at Selection FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21New gilts In week post arrival / at Selection FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21

Ingelvac HP 1 2 IM 60and V-boars Enterisol Ileitis 2 IM 21

2-weeks post arrival / at selection FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21Last week before entry into herd Levasole oral 3

Gilts Post Breeding 30 days post breeding FarrowSure Plus 5 IM 21g y p g60 days postbreeding FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21

Sows prebreeding Weaning (Parity 1 & 2 females only) Vit.E & A 5 IM 21Sows Post Breeding 60 days postbreeding FarrowSure Plus Flu 2 IM 21V-Boars Every 6 months (do 1/4 for 4 weeks) FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21

Every 3 months (do 1/4 for 4 weeks) Atgard 1 scoop oral 21Every 3 months (do 1/4 for 4 weeks) Atgard 1 scoop oral 21Gilts prefarrowing 6 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 0

5 weeks prefarrowing ProSystem RCE 2 IM 214 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 03 weeks prefarrowing ProSystem RCE 2 IM 211 week prefarrowing Atgard 1 scoop oral 21p g g p

Sows prefarrowing 6 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 05 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 04 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 03 weeks prefarrowing ProSystem RCE 2 IM 211 week prefarrowing Atgard 1 scoop oral 21

Parity 1 Females 1st. Week of May Enterisol Ileitis 1 oral 21Piglets Processing Fortified Iron 2 IM 30

Castration Iron 2 IM 0

Vaccination SchedulesVaccination SchedulesVaccination Schedule Update Date 12/1/2002 Cost

Animal Timing Product Dosage Injection Withdrawal $/Dose Total $ Total Cost per PigNew gilts In week post arrival / at Selection FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21 1.20$ Stage Gilt Farrowing rate 82%

Ingelvac HP 1 2 IM 60 0.50$ Sow Farrow rate 84%$and V-boars Enterisol Ileitis 2 IM 21 0.85$ Preweaning Mortality 10%

2-weeks post arrival / at selection FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21 1.20$ Pigs Weaned/ Litter 9.5Last week before entry into herd Levasole oral 3 1.09$ P/S/Y 22.08

Gilts Post Breeding 30 days post breeding FarrowSure Plus 5 IM 21 0.65$ Sow Inv 260060 days postbreeding FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21 1.20$ 6.69$ Boar Inv 10

Sows prebreeding Weaning (Parity 1 & 2 females only) Vit.E & A 5 IM 21 0.66$ Boar: Sow ratio 260Sows Post Breeding 60 days postbreeding FarrowSure Plus Flu 2 IM 21 0.34$ 1.00$ Boar Replacement 50%V Boars Every 6 months (do 1/4 for 4 weeks) FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21 1 20$ Sow Replacement 45%V-Boars Every 6 months (do 1/4 for 4 weeks) FarrowSure Plus Flu 5 IM 21 1.20$ Sow Replacement 45%

Every 3 months (do 1/4 for 4 weeks) Atgard 1 scoop oral 21 0.47$ 1.67$ Gilt Vaccination Cost/PigGilts prefarrowing 6 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 0 -$ Prebreeding Vacc Gilt 0.86$

5 weeks prefarrowing ProSystem RCE 2 IM 21 0.76$ Prefarrowing Vacc 0.21$ 4 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 0 -$ Piglet Cost 0.23$ 3 weeks prefarrowing ProSystem RCE 2 IM 21 0.76$ Total 1.30$ 1 week prefarrowing Atgard 1 scoop oral 21 0.47$ 2.00$ Sow Vaccination Cost/Pig

Sows prefarrowing 6 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 0 -$ Prebreeding Vacc 0.13$ p g p g $ g $5 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 0 -$ Prefarrowing Vacc 0.13$ 4 weeks prefarrowing Feedback oral 0 -$ Piglet Cost 0.23$ 3 weeks prefarrowing ProSystem RCE 2 IM 21 0.76$ Total 1.05$ 1 week prefarrowing Atgard 1 scoop oral 21 0.47$ 1.24$ Boar Vaccination Cost/Pig

Parity 1 Females 1st. Week of May Enterisol Ileitis 1 oral 21 0.85$ 0.85$ New Boars 0.00$ Piglets Processing Fortified Iron 2 IM 30 0.17$ Adult Boars 0.00$

Castration Iron 2 IM 0 0.06$ 0.23$ Total 0.00$ T t l V i ti C t/PiTotal Vaccination Cost/PigGilts 0.58$ Sows 0.58$ Boars 0.00$

Total 1.04$

Vaccination SchedulesVaccination Schedules

F S Pl P P P F dFarrowSure Plus Flu P t RCE ( ilt F d B k 3 d P t RCE

Week TattooHeat Check

FarrowSure Plus Flu Gilts Post breeding

Preg Check 35 day

Preg Check 50 day

Preg Check 70 day

Feed Back 1st week

Prosystem RCE (gilts 1st) Feed Back 2nd wk

Feed Back 3rd wk Increase Feed

Prosystem RCE Sows & gilts 2nd Atgard FA

1 A 50 49 48 46 43 43 42 41 40 38 372 B 51 50 49 47 44 44 43 42 41 39 383 C 52 51 50 48 45 45 44 43 42 40 394 D 1 52 51 49 46 46 45 44 43 41 405 E 2 1 52 50 47 47 46 45 44 42 415 E 2 1 52 50 47 47 46 45 44 42 416 F 3 2 1 51 48 48 47 46 45 43 427 G 4 3 2 52 49 49 48 47 46 44 438 H 5 4 3 1 50 50 49 48 47 45 449 I 6 5 4 2 51 51 50 49 48 46 45

10 J 7 6 5 3 52 52 51 50 49 47 4611 K 8 7 6 4 1 1 52 51 50 48 4712 L 9 8 7 5 2 2 1 52 51 49 4812 L 9 8 7 5 2 2 1 52 51 49 4813 M 10 9 8 6 3 3 2 1 52 50 4914 N 11 10 9 7 4 4 3 2 1 51 5015 O 12 11 10 8 5 5 4 3 2 52 5116 P 13 12 11 9 6 6 5 4 3 1 5217 Q 14 13 12 10 7 7 6 5 4 2 118 R 15 14 13 11 8 8 7 6 5 3 219 S 16 15 14 12 9 9 8 7 6 4 319 S 16 15 14 12 9 9 8 7 6 4 320 T 17 16 15 13 10 10 9 8 7 5 421 U 18 17 16 14 11 11 10 9 8 6 522 V 19 18 17 15 12 12 11 10 9 7 623 W 20 19 18 16 13 13 12 11 10 8 724 X 21 20 19 17 14 14 13 12 11 9 825 Y 22 21 20 18 15 15 14 13 12 10 926 Z 23 22 21 19 16 16 15 14 13 11 1026 Z 23 22 21 19 16 16 15 14 13 11 10

Culling Decisions and PrioritiesCulling Decisions and Priorities

• Prioritize cullsPrioritize culls1. About to die (ex. Ulcer)2. Rectal Prolapse3. Injury – severe

10. Bad cough11. Injury (problems that

will affect production: j y4. Physical conformation

(bad feet and legs)5. High volume discharge6 N C li

pex. Stepped off nipples, ripped vagina)

12. Litter size13 Strep (equilibrium6. Non-Cycling

7. Bad underline8. Age9 Size

13. Strep (equilibrium problems)

14. Milking ability15. Laid ons 9. Size16. Stillborns17. Savaging18. Thin

When To Euthanize• Times to euthanize:

– After unsuccessful treatments

– When the animal is sufferingsuffering

– When the animal is injured, and will not be able to walk on a trailer

– When there is a low likelihood of reco erlikelihood of recovery

– After 48 hours of not being able to get upg p

Disposal Methods

• Rendering• Composting• Composting• Incineration

B i l• BurialRendering truck/dead hut

CompostIncinerator

Be an Animal AdvocateBe an Animal Advocate

• Make sure the sows needs are met

SUMMARYSUMMARY

• Early identification is keyEarly identification is key• Diagnose the problem before treating

D t i if i di id l h d bl• Determine if individual or a herd problem for treatment

• Follow up to make sure treatments are successful

individual sow treatmentsindividual sow treatments · individual sow treatmentsindividual sow...

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