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Self and Personality

Psycho social cultural look at

the Self in Mexico

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History

Spanish arrived on Mexican coast in the1500s

Inhabitants : Aztecs, a warrior people andalso Mayans and Olmecas

Early 20th century : civil revolution

A philosopher Samuel Ramos, in 1930

made a research on Mexican self andconcluded that Mexican self was coveredby inferiority complex

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Research of Mexican Self

Diaz Guerrero (1982)Used Osgoods semantic differentialtechnique

Compared evaluative, power and dynamismof the self

Mexican teenagers consistently scored lowerin evaluation and power than their cohorts

from 16 other culturesA collective, dependent, social yet positiveconstruals of the self

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Continued

La Rosa and Diaz-Loving (1991)

- Exploratory qualitative studies,adjective checklists and FGD

- Amiable and courteous in its socialrelations, happy and optimistic,expressive and communicative with the

closed ones, romantic and sentimental,conciliatory and tranquil in allsituations

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Continued

Valdez (1994) and Lagunes (1996)

1. Semantic networks methodology and

other techniques2. Results : separate positive and

negative evaluation factor

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Koreans Interpersonal Mind and

Behavior in Close Relationships

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Intro

For Koreans, forming close relationships

with each other has special meanings to

their interpersonal behaviorCategorization of relations :

1. Relationships with others within the

category of weness --- strong sense of

our folks, private passion and emotion,

interpersonal jung (Choi and Kim, 2000)

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Continued

2. . Relationships with others out of thecategory of weness ---- reason basedrationality, objective social norms,

individual interests and social justiceJung is a central concept in the formation and

maintenance of social relationships based onweness. The basic feature ofJung is to care

for others which consists of behavior :attentive, empathetic, helpful andsupportive

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SHIMJUNGIlustrasi seorang atlit

Korea peserta olimpiade1988 yang menolak

meninggalkan ring tinjukarena merasa diperlakukan

tidak adil oleh wasit

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What is shimjung?

Shim = mind

Jung = affection

Shimjung is a state of aroused mindconcerning a particular situation

Mind (English) : cognitive and emotional

Mind (Korea) : corresponds to intentionality

including interest, motivation, emotion,intention, determination and mood (Choiand Kim, 1996a)

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Characteristics linked to shimjung

1. Shimjung presupposes the existence of self-consciousness, which makes the personconcerned aware of the arousal of emotion

or mind2. On the side of the person concerned,

shimjung is constituted by evaluativejudgment of aroused emotion andexplanation on psychological process inwhich that emotion is evolved relation tointerpersonal and situational factors

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Continued

3. Shimjung of a person evoked when theextent of considerate mind to which his orher partner expresses falls short of

exceeds the expectation held by thatperson (Choi and Kim, 1999)

This expectation is based on psychological

distance estimated between both in adyad through reflective thinking of historyof their interactions

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Shon and Choi, 1999

The following cases were high ranked in the

rank order of frequencies :

1. When a truthful friend betrays me ;2. When my mind is misunderstood ;

3. When Im not considered important ;

4. When I feel myself terrible5. When Im treated unfairly

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Modes of shimjung discourse

When shimjung is delivered verbally, it oftentakes the form of narration and discourse :

1. Based on logics of shimjung

2. Mode of story telling of what happened ininner mind

3. Describing on the side of the 3rd person ofwhat happened in mind

4. Speaking out true inner mindstraightforward

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Shimjung discourse can verify their weness,

andjung-based relationships, build up

intersubjectivity between them