IndiaIndia

Preview and ProcessingPreview and Processing1.1. What is your first impression?What is your first impression?

2.2. Why do you feel that way?Why do you feel that way?

3.3. What is the location?What is the location?

4.4. What is happening?What is happening?

5.5. Why is this important?Why is this important?

6.6. How is water symbolically used in other How is water symbolically used in other countries or cultures?countries or cultures?

GeographyGeography Hindu Kush & HimalayasHindu Kush & HimalayasSubcontinentSubcontinentIndus & GangesIndus & GangesSeasonal winds: monsoonSeasonal winds: monsoon

Aryan “Nobles”Aryan “Nobles” 1500 BCE nomads from central Asia1500 BCE nomads from central Asia Khyber PassKhyber Pass Caucasus mts.Caucasus mts. Wealth=cattleWealth=cattle IlliterateIlliterate

Depended on priest: SanskritDepended on priest: Sanskrit Blending betw. The 2 = HinduismBlending betw. The 2 = Hinduism

HinduismHinduism Aryans w/ myths; everything Aryans w/ myths; everything

holyholy Vedas:Vedas: 4 collections of hymns 4 collections of hymns

gathered by priest: 1500 totalgathered by priest: 1500 total Rig-Veda: most important & Rig-Veda: most important &

oldest (1028)oldest (1028) Vedic AgeVedic Age

UpanishadsUpanishadsAttempt of teachers to understand and Attempt of teachers to understand and

explain Vedasexplain Vedas

1.1.One true reality is Brahman the mighty One true reality is Brahman the mighty spirit that creates and destroysspirit that creates and destroys

2.2.One aspect of B. is self or soul=AtmanOne aspect of B. is self or soul=Atman

3.3.Nothing dies: reincarnationNothing dies: reincarnation

4.4.Perfect Understanding=moksha wh/ = Perfect Understanding=moksha wh/ = merge w/ Bmerge w/ B

Caste SystemCaste System

1.1. Brahmin: “god’s mouth” = priestBrahmin: “god’s mouth” = priest

2.2. Kshatriya: “god’s arms”=rulers & Kshatriya: “god’s arms”=rulers & warriorswarriors

3.3. Vaishya: “god’s legs” = landowners, Vaishya: “god’s legs” = landowners, merchantsmerchants

4.4. Shudra: “god’s feet” = servants & Shudra: “god’s feet” = servants & slavesslaves

5.5. Untouchables: nothingUntouchables: nothing

Shiva: destroyer or transformer

•Vishnu: creator and destroyer of all existences

BuddhismBuddhism Siddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama

Beautiful life; wife, sonBeautiful life; wife, sonsick, feeble, dead: must seek wisdomsick, feeble, dead: must seek wisdomAge 29 left family to become nomad & Age 29 left family to become nomad &

seek wisdomseek wisdomMeditated under Bodhi treeMeditated under Bodhi tree

““Enlightened One” or BuddhaEnlightened One” or BuddhaConcern for everyoneConcern for everyoneNo caste systemNo caste system

Four Noble TruthsFour Noble Truths

1.1. Everything in life is suffering & Everything in life is suffering & sorrowsorrow

2.2. Causes of pain are selfish desires Causes of pain are selfish desires wh/ = rebirth & painwh/ = rebirth & pain

3.3. Ending pain means ending selfish Ending pain means ending selfish desiresdesires

4.4. End desire & thus pain by End desire & thus pain by following the Eightfold Pathfollowing the Eightfold Path

Eightfold PathEightfold Path

1.1. Rt. KnowledgeRt. Knowledge

2.2. Rt. PurposeRt. Purpose

3.3. Rt. SpeechRt. Speech

4.4. Rt. ActionRt. Action

5.5. Rt. LivingRt. Living

6.6. Rt. EffortRt. Effort

7.7. Rt. MindfulnessRt. Mindfulness

8.8. Rt. Meditation (concentration)Rt. Meditation (concentration)

Mauryan DynastyMauryan Dynasty Chandragupta MauryanChandragupta Mauryan

(322-298 BCE)(322-298 BCE)United all of N. IndiaUnited all of N. India

(9,000 increased to 700,000)(9,000 increased to 700,000)Trusted no-oneTrusted no-one

FearFearFood tastersFood tasters““Gov’t is the science of punishment”Gov’t is the science of punishment”

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

1.1. What modern day country is missing from What modern day country is missing from the original map of India?the original map of India?

2.2. How does religion play an important role in How does religion play an important role in the development of gov’t? culture?the development of gov’t? culture?

3.3. What is Mohenjo-Daro and why is it What is Mohenjo-Daro and why is it important?important?

4.4. What were at least two main things the What were at least two main things the Harappan Culture was based on?Harappan Culture was based on?

Ashoka (273 BCE)Ashoka (273 BCE)@ 1@ 1stst like granddad like granddadEdictEdict““federal aid”federal aid”Spread BuddhismSpread Buddhism

China

Chinese SocietyChinese Society Family : roles est. fr. birth to deathFamily : roles est. fr. birth to death

Elderly w/ power oldest male; oldest femaleElderly w/ power oldest male; oldest female females: father, husband, sonsfemales: father, husband, sons

13-1613-16 Having sons increased statusHaving sons increased status

Gov’tGov’t Ruler like “super-grandfather”Ruler like “super-grandfather” Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven Dynastic CycleDynastic Cycle

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty 2000 BCE cities2000 BCE cities Division betw. Nobles & peasantsDivision betw. Nobles & peasants Bronze and silkBronze and silk Oracle bonesOracle bones Ideas not soundsIdeas not sounds 1,000 literate1,000 literate

Chou DynastyChou Dynasty Invaded by barbariansInvaded by barbarians Country dividedCountry divided

ConfuciusConfucius K’ung Fu-tzuK’ung Fu-tzu Social order & good gov’t based on 5 Social order & good gov’t based on 5

relationshipsrelationships1.1. Ruler/subjectRuler/subject2.2. Father /sonFather /son3.3. Husband/wifeHusband/wife4.4. Older/youngerOlder/younger5.5. friend/friendfriend/friend

Filial PietyFilial Piety Minister of CrimeMinister of Crime

Crime wiped outCrime wiped out

Confucius

Lao TzuLao Tzu Natural order: universal force guides Natural order: universal force guides

all things (Tao)all things (Tao) TaoismTaoism

LegalistLegalist Efficient & powerful: reward & punishEfficient & powerful: reward & punish Limit ideas & actionsLimit ideas & actions

What is the only What is the only man made object man made object visible from space?visible from space?

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

Ch’in (shih) DynastyCh’in (shih) Dynasty Ch’in Shih Huang-ti (246-210 BCE)Ch’in Shih Huang-ti (246-210 BCE)

(Qin Shi Huang)(Qin Shi Huang) Effective but cruelEffective but cruel Ending oppositionEnding opposition

1.1. Destroy outside rivalsDestroy outside rivals2.2. End resistance w/iEnd resistance w/i

All nobles had to live @ capt.All nobles had to live @ capt. Burned books (farming & medicine)Burned books (farming & medicine) System of law, $, weights & measuresSystem of law, $, weights & measures Cart axlesCart axles

Who is he?

Attila the HunAttila the Hun

Great WallGreat WallProtection from HunsProtection from HunsWheelbarrowWheelbarrow20 to 25 ft. tall20 to 25 ft. tall1,400 miles long1,400 miles longLawLaw

Han Dynasty (202 BCE)Han Dynasty (202 BCE) Glory, unity, peaceGlory, unity, peace Revoked Ch’in lawRevoked Ch’in law no real barbarian threatno real barbarian threat

Wu-tiWu-ti Five classicsFive classics

AnalectsAnalects Confucianism=official beliefConfucianism=official belief Taught FC on university = high gov’t Taught FC on university = high gov’t

positionspositions Silk RoadSilk Road

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

What was the Silk Road and What was the Silk Road and why was it important?why was it important?

Moving into AD timeMoving into AD time 2 great Dynasties of China2 great Dynasties of China

1.1. Sui (589-618 AD)Sui (589-618 AD)– Grand canal: Yellow to Yangtze Rr.Grand canal: Yellow to Yangtze Rr.

2.2. T’angT’ang– Lowered taxes, gave land to peasantsLowered taxes, gave land to peasants– Wu ChaoWu Chao

• Spread BuddhismSpread Buddhism

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

Who was Wu Chao?Who was Wu Chao?

Selection of gov’t officialsSelection of gov’t officials Wu-ti: 2 gov’t jobs to scholars that passed an Wu-ti: 2 gov’t jobs to scholars that passed an

examexam 700 yr practice700 yr practice Theory: anyone could rise to public officeTheory: anyone could rise to public office Reality: system favored wealthy men w/ Reality: system favored wealthy men w/

educationeducation Success=no taxes or military serviceSuccess=no taxes or military service

Would grow fingernails up to 2 in. to show Would grow fingernails up to 2 in. to show importanceimportance

Corruption & poetry not helpful in gov’tCorruption & poetry not helpful in gov’t New social class: gentryNew social class: gentry

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

Define gentryDefine gentry

PoetryPoetry Wealthy & enjoyed city lifeWealthy & enjoyed city life Everyone expected to write Everyone expected to write

poemspoems 3 elements3 elements

1.1. Nature 2. single moment 3. Nature 2. single moment 3. briefbrief

Sung dynastySung dynasty Battle of Talas = 500 yr. of mil. DecayBattle of Talas = 500 yr. of mil. Decay Ruled only s. chinaRuled only s. china Hang chow: rice,fish, tea, etc.Hang chow: rice,fish, tea, etc.

1.1. Copper coins w/ sq. holes in center wh/ Copper coins w/ sq. holes in center wh/ could be worn on a string around the could be worn on a string around the neckneck

2.2. 1000-1100 Sung gov’t printed1st paper 1000-1100 Sung gov’t printed1st paper $ in world$ in world• ““Counterfeiters will be beheaded”Counterfeiters will be beheaded”

3.3. Silk & porcelain: Asia & AfricaSilk & porcelain: Asia & Africa

TechnologyTechnology

1.1. Printing: block press (600) 2,000 Printing: block press (600) 2,000 copies per daycopies per day• Pi Sheng: (1040) moveable type Pi Sheng: (1040) moveable type

(Europeans 1450)(Europeans 1450)

2.2. Magnetic compass: 1Magnetic compass: 1stst used to see used to see if homes faces S.if homes faces S.

3.3. Gunpowder: fireworksGunpowder: fireworks

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

1.1. Name the European inventor Name the European inventor credited with the moveable credited with the moveable type printing press.type printing press.

2.2. Why were the Chinese not Why were the Chinese not credited with the invention?credited with the invention?

Who are they and what do they have in common?

1.1. Why is Marco Polo Why is Marco Polo important?important?

2.2. What year did he What year did he return to Venice?return to Venice?

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

MongolsMongols Mongolia: steppeMongolia: steppe Bow: 100 lbs of pressure; 200 yards @ Bow: 100 lbs of pressure; 200 yards @

full gallopfull gallop Genghis KhanGenghis Khan (1206-1277): Temujin (1206-1277): Temujin

Tough life: constant fight for powerTough life: constant fight for powerTaller than a cart axleTaller than a cart axleAcquired most of Asia:Acquired most of Asia:

1. organized 2. shrewd 3. cruel1. organized 2. shrewd 3. cruel

Kublai Khan:Kublai Khan: grandson (1260-1294) grandson (1260-1294) Liked easy lifeLiked easy life Attempted to conquer JapanAttempted to conquer Japan

KamikazeKamikaze Marco PoloMarco Polo: 17 years: 17 years

Stability over ChangeStability over Change Ming dynasty: brilliantMing dynasty: brilliant

Conquered MongolsConquered Mongols Valued educationValued education EncyclopediasEncyclopedias

ManchuManchu Ch’ingCh’ing