India and China have relations for more than 2,000 years, but the modern relationship began in 1950

Relations between contemporary China and India have been characterised by border disputes, resulting in three major military conflicts—the Sino-Indian War of 1962, the Chola incident in 1967, and the 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish

McMohan Line draws land boundary of both country

Republic of IndiaPeople's Republic of China

Population 1,210,193,422 1,339,724,852

Area 3,287,240 km² 9,640,821 km²

Population density 382/km² 139.6/km²

Capital New Delhi Beijing

Largest city Mumbai Shanghai

GovernmentFederal republic, parliamentary democracy

Socialist, single-party state

First leader Jawaharlal Nehru Mao Zedong

Current leader Narendra Modi Xi Jinping

It is administered by China as part of Hotan County which lies in the south western part of Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but is also claimed by India as a part of the Ladakh district of the state of Jammu and Kashmir

China National Highway 219 runs through Aksai Chin connecting Lazi and Xinjiang in the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Aksai Chin covers an area of about 37,244 sq km and area is largely a vast high-altitude desert

Johnson Line" in 1865, which put Aksai Chin in Kashmir when China did not control Xinjiang, so this line was never presented to the Chinese

In 1899 according to Macartney-Mcdonald Line British put Aksai Chin has China part and they forward a note towards china but the govt. did not respond, British took that as Chinese acquiescence. Although no official boundary had ever been negotiated, China believed that this had been the accepted boundary

Upon independence in 1947, the government of India used the Johnson Line as the basis for its official boundary in the west but china shows 179 km road on their map in India claimed Aksai Chin

it is the largest among the North-east Indian states commonly known as the Seven Sister States

China claims the northern part of the state as a part of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

The NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency) was created in 1955, the re-emergence of the issue was a major cause of the Sino-Indian War of 1962

The area is historically Tibetan territory and is claimed by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China as a part of South Tibet

It is the eighth least populous district in the country (out of 640)

Tawang district is one of the 16 administrative districts of Arunachal Pradesh

A dispute there had been a series of violent border incidents after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when India had granted asylum to the Dalai Lama Himalayan border was the main pretext for war

India initiated a Forward Policy in which it placed outposts along the border, including several north of theMcMahon Line, the eastern portion of a Line of Actual Control

The Chinese launched simultaneous offensives in Ladakh and across the McMahon Line and the war ended when the Chinese declared a ceasefire on 20 November 1962

The conflict occurred in Sikkim, The region is one of high altitudes and thus mountainous maneuvers were crucial in battle

China has claimed that the McMahon Line created by Britain in NEFA was illegal.

During whole conflict Indian losses were 88 killed, and 163 wounded, while Chinese casualties were 300 killed and 450 wounded in Nathula, and 40 in Chola

At the end of 1986, India granted statehood to Arunachal Pradesh, which is an area claimed by China but administered by India.

The Chinese government proceeded to protest In early 1987 Beijing's tone became similar to that of 1962, and with the Indian Army refusing to stand down, Western diplomats predicted war.

Indian Foreign Minister N.D. Tiwari arrived in Beijing in

May 1987, He carried with him messages from India that

there was no intention on New Delhi's part to aggravate

the situation .