independent conceptual study - exploring a new financial...

20/04/2010

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Markku Oksanen & Niclas Lindgren

Independent Conceptual Study

- Exploring a new Financial and Funding Model for AIT -

Country profiles

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Annex: Country studies

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Data gathered from 52 countries

East Asia & Pacific

1. Cambodia

2. China

3. Hongkong

4. Indonesia

5. Japan

6. Korea, north

7. Korea, south

8. Laos

9. Malaysia

10. Myanmar

11. Philippines

12. Singapore

13. Thailand

14. Vietnam

South & West Asia

15. Afghanistan

16. Bangladesh

17. Bhutan

18. India

19. Iran

20. Nepal

21. Pakistan

22. Sri Lanka

Central Asia

23. Kazakhstan

24. Kyrgystan

25. Mongolia

26. Uzbekistan

North America &

Western Europe

40. Canada

41. United States

42. Austria

43. Denmark

44. Finland

45. France

46. Germany

47. Greece

48. Italy

49. Norway

50. Spain

51. Sweden

52. United Kingdom

Arab states

27. Morocco

28. Irak

29. Oman

30. Saudi Arabia

31. Sudan

32. United Arab

Emirates

Africa

33. Ethiopia

34. Ghana

35. Kenya

36. Nigeria

Central & Eastern

Europe

37. Poland

38. Russia

39. Turkey

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THAILAND - Outbound student flows

FACT SHEET

• Total number of outbound

students: 202 885 (21,7%)

• >23.000 students go

annually abroad

• 97% go to top 10

countries; ~80 % to top 3

• Mobility increased ~20%

1999-2003, then settled at

current level

• Enrollment in HE has

increased by 34 %

between 1999-2008,

annual increase currently

marginal

• Annual enrollment around

2.5 million students

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Country profiles and student flows

BANGLADESH

• 30 public universities, 54 private universities, 3 int. Universities

• GER 7 %

• Student enrolment is growing steadily at an average rate of 7%; annual

enrolment >1,2M

• 100 new private higher education institutions where established between

1998 and 2001

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BANGLADESH – Enrollment

Education3%

Humanities and arts32%

Social sciences, business and law

42%

Science14%

Engineering, manufacturing and

construction

4%

Agriculture1%

Health and welfare4%

Services0%

General programs0%

BANGLADESHTertiary enrollment by field of study

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Nu

mb

er

of

stu

de

nts

BANGLADESH- enrollment by field -

Education

Humanities and arts


Science

Engineering, manufacturing and construction

Agriculture

Health and welfare

Services

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BANGLADESH - Outbound student flows

FACT SHEET


students: 113 703 (0,6%)

• 93,5% go to top 10

countries

• Student mobility has

almost doubled in the last

10 years (average growth

of 10 %)

• Moblity has slowed down,

settled on roughly

12.000/year, fairly stable

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BANGLADESH and AIT

• Student intake

– 1999-2009 overall: 3,6 % of total (ranking: 6.th)

– Continuous stream of students (delivers every year)

– Intake dropping fast: best year 81 (2003), last year 15

• Enrolled students

– 1999-2009 overall: 3,5 % (5.th biggest)

– Enrollment stabilized after heavy dropping: best year 132 (2003), last year 41

• Share of wallet (mobile students in Thailand)

– Accurate calculation can not be made as Thailand-data is missing

– Indication: dropping (> 45 % in 2001 and 2002; 9,1 % in 2008)

• Alumni

– Bangladesh is the 4.th most important alumni country (5,6 % of total)

• Partnership

– AIT has 10 partnerships and all are active (3,9 % of total)

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CAMBODIA

• About 135 000 students in 70 different HE institutions, 38 universities (10

private, e.g. IIC Univ. of Technology) and 28 public under 4 different

ministries

• HE in very poor condition

• GER 7,0 %

• Student enrolment is growing extremely fast, having increased with 454

% since 1999 at an average rate of 24%; annual enrolment >90.000

• Social sciences, business and law is growing the fastest as field of study

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CAMBODIA – Enrollment

Education9%



55%

Science12%


construction

3%

Agriculture3%

Health and welfare

5%

Services1%

General programs

2%Unspecified programs

2%

CAMBODIATertiary enrollment by field of study

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Nu

mb

er

of

stu

de

nts

CAMBODIA- enrolment by field -

Education

Humanities and arts


Science


Agriculture

Health and welfare

Services

General programs

Unspecified programs

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CAMBODIA - Outbound student flows

FACT SHEET


students: 19 589 (0,1 %)

• 92,5% go to top 10

countries

• Student mobility has grown

with over 70 % since 1999

(average growth of 8 %)

• Growth continues

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CAMBODIA and AIT

• Student intake



– Intake has been halved since 2006; best year 37 (2001), last year 14 (1,5%)


– 1999-2009 overall: 2,5 % (ranking 10.th)

– Enrollment stabilized after heavy dropping: best year 79 (2001), last three

years around 30 (1,4 % of enrolled)



– Indication: dropping fast (> 92% in 2001; 3,2 % in 2008)

• Alumni

– Is the 13.th most important alumni country (2,1 % of total)

• Partnership

– Has had only 2 partnerships with AIT, one is still active

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CHINA

• Major player in HE in Asia: • > 27 million students & close to 2 000 universities & about 150 top universities (25 % of

the world’s students)

• Huge state investments: 20 billion USD to create elite universities & research

• Gross enrolment ratio: increased from 6,6 to 22 in 9 years; increasing slower than mobility

• Sends 14,6 % of cross border students, about 1,0 million, hosts > 200 000 int. students

• Extensive co-operation with foreign universities, e.g. about 200 British universities have programs in China

• Very diversified HE inside the country and serious quality problems in HE

• 10 % of HE students are engaged in distance education

• Aspirations • To develop a world – class higher education system

• To achieve 23 % GER in higher education by 2010, 40 % in 2020 and 55 % in 2050

• To achieve 1,500 engineers and scientists per million population in 2020 and 3,000 per million population in 2050

• Expansion of Chinese higher education:

• global network of Confusius Institutes

• To host 0,5 million foreign students by 2020 .

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CHINA – Outboud student flows

FACT SHEET

• total number of outbound

students: 2 357 634

• 92 % of students go to top

10 countries

• growth of mobility has

increased with 300 %

since 1999 (average

growth 21 %)

• growth of mobility has

slowed down and

stabilized at level of

390.000/year

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CHINA and AIT

• Student intake



– Intake dropping fast: best year 51 (2002), last year 7


– 1999-2009 overall: 2,9 % of total (7.th biggest)

– Enrollment dropping fast: best year 99 (2002), last year 18



– Indication: dropping fast (9,4 % in 2001 - 0,2% in 2008)

• Alumni

– China is the 10.th most important alumni country (4,2 % of total)

• Partnership

– AIT has 4 active partnerships and 6 inactive (4,2 % of total)

– Active partnerships form only 2 % of stock)

• Planned AIT Center

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INDIA

• Second largest player in the region • > 13 million students & 431 universities and more than 20 000 colleges & number of

prestigious institutions small, only 13 Indian Institutes of Technologies

• Share of students in private institutions 31 %

• GER grows continuously at a rate of 5%, 2007: 13,48

• Student enrolment has grown with 58% during 2000-2007 at an average rate of 24%; annual enrolment >15 Million

• 43 % of students enrolled in humanities and arts in 2007

• Serious quality problems & very difficult to entry to IITs (less than 2 % of applications approved)

• Expansion to the Gulf region

• Aspirations • The 11th Five Year Plan aims to expand capacity in all institutions of higher education by

50% over the next 3 years.

• Creation of 100 additional posts in colleges and universities

• Setting up of computer laboratories in all government colleges and university departments, and scientific labs in schools and colleges.

• To develop a world class higher education system, Government program:

• 8 new IITs, 7 new IIMS, 30 new research universities, 2 Indian institutes of science and 1000 new polytechnics

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INDIA – Enrollment

Education3%



16%

Science18%


construction

17%

Agriculture0%


Services0%

General programs0%

INDIATertiary enrollment by field of study in 2007

Note: ”unspecified programs” diluted

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INDIA - Outbound student flows

FACT SHEET


students: 944 580 (4,9% of

total mobility, 2nd)


annually abroad

• 95,8% go to top 10



with over 220 % since 1999

(average growth 17 %);

growth continues

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INDIA and AIT

• Student intake

– 1999-2009 overall: 4,6 % of total (ranking: 3rd)


– Intake has been halved since 2003 when intake was 87, last year 38 (4,1%)

– Seems to be regaining strength, grown in average 9% during 2007-2009


– 1999-2009 overall: 4 % (ranking 4th), grown with 145 %

– Enrollment stabilized after heavy dropping: best year 144 (2004), last three

years around 80 (3,7% of enrolled)



– Indication: dropping but good (> 64% in 2001; 10,5 % in 2008)

• Alumni

– Is the 3rd most important alumni country (5,7 % of total)

• Partnership

– AIT has 13 partnerships and all are active (5,1 % of total)


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INDONESIA

• Dramatic growth in HE since 1950

• 3,4 million students (6 500 in 1950) and > 2300 HE institutions

• Four different types of HE: academies, polytechnics, advanced schools, insitutions,

universities 95 % of HE institutions and 62 % of its enrollment are in the private sector

• Share of students in private institutions > 67 %

• GER grows continuously at a rate of 3%, 2007: 18,00

• Student enrolment has grown with ~25% during 2001-2007 at an average rate of 4%;

annual enrolment >3,7 Million

• In 2007 >50% of students enrolled in social sciences, business and law

• Aspirations

• Under the Higher Education Long-Term Strategy 2003–2010, the structural adjustment to

be carried out aims to have, by the year of 2010, a healthy higher education system, with

provision of the corresponding framework and structures

• Goal to increase GER up to 40 & by 2020

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INDONESIA – Enrollment

Education15% Humanities and arts

1%


51%

Science8%


construction

16%

Agriculture5%


Services0%

General programs0%

Unspecified programs0%

INDONESIATertiary enrollment by field of study in 2007

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INDONESIA - Outbound student flows

FACT SHEET


students: 289 123 (1,5% of

total mobility, 15th)

• ~30.000 students go

annually abroad

• 97,5% go to top 10


• Student mobility is

declining after top years

2002-2003

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INDONESIA and AIT

• Student intake

– 1999-2009 overall: 2,6 % of total (ranking: 11th)


– Intake has dropped continuously 2007-2009 from 51 to 26 (equal to year 2000)



– 1999-2008 enrollment has grown 197 % to 86 students

– 2009 it dropped 25 % to 64 (3% of annual total)



– Indication: dropping but very good (> 95% in 2001; 27,3 % in 2008)

• Alumni

– Is the 11th most important alumni country (4 % of total)

• Partnership

– AIT has 12 active partnerships and 8 inactive (7,8 % of total)

– Active partnerships form 6,2 % of stock


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LAO

• 4 universities, 5 teacher colleagues, 83 private colleagues, in total about 90 000

students

• GER grows rapidly at a rate of 21% per year, 2008: 13,3

• Student enrolment has grown with 640% since 1999

• Social sciences, business and law and Education are the main fields of study

• Aspirations

• Selective expansion; to continue the training and upgrading of teachers by year 2020.

• To increase the share of government budget for education

• To increase the quality and consolidation of higher education

• To increase enrollment of girls and ethnic minorities in higher education

• To increase the student population ratio from 520/100,000 by year 2010 to 650/100,000 by

2015 and 840/100,000 by 2020.

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LAO PDR – Enrollment

Education21%



28%

Science2%


construction

8%

Agriculture7%


Services3%

General programs

0%


15%

LAOSTertiary enrollment by field of study

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

45 000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Nu

mb

er

of

stu

de

nts

LAOS- enrollment by field -

Education

Humanities and arts


Science


Agriculture

Health and welfare

Services

General programs


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LAO PDR - Outbound student flows

FACT SHEET


students: 16 795 (0,09% of


• ~3.000 students go

annually abroad, fluctuating

very much

• 97,2% go to top 10



with 85 % since 1999

(average growth 17 %)

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LAO PDR and AIT

• Student intake



– Intake in 2009 was 17 (1,8% of total) ; top year 2001 had 39 (3,4%)

– Intake is regaining strength after bottom in 2007 (2007-2009: + 70%)



– Enrollment has dropped by >60 % since top year 2001 (80 enrolled)

– 2007-2009 steady at a level of about 30 students (1,4% of total)



– Indication: dropping (> 64% in 2001; 10,5 % in 2008)

• Alumni

– Is the 15th most important alumni country (1,7 % of total)

• Partnership

– No partnerships

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MALAYSIA

• High priority for expansion higher education and improving quality

• Increase of private universtities from 100 to 690 during 1998-2003

• GER has grown 29% since 1999, now stabilized around 30

• Student enrolment has grown with 56% since 1999; annual enrolment ~750.000 (2007)

• Social sciences, business and law and Engineering are the main fields of study

• Share of students in private institutions > 24 %

• Hosts 5 international university campuses

• About 70 000 int. students (target 100 000 by 2010) vs about 700 000 domestic students

• Expansion of HE to overseas

• Aspirations

• Fundamental research will be activated by application to get grants of RM300 million in the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006–2010).

• To increase in the proportion of postgraduate students from 18% to 25% in the year 2010.

• The Malaysian nation’s Vision 2020 (Wawasan 2020) promotes a paradigm shift to an economy based on knowledge

• Target to increase GER up to 40 % by 2010

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MALAYSIA – Enrollment

Education11%



27%Science19%


construction

22%

Agriculture3%


Services2%

General programs0% 0%

MALAYSIATertiary enrollment by field of study

0

50 000

100 000

150 000

200 000

250 000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Nu

mb

er

of

stu

de

nts

MALAYSIA- enrollment by field -

Education

Humanities and arts


Science


Agriculture

Health and welfare

Services

General programs

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MALAYSIA - Outbound student flows

FACT SHEET


students: 392 943 (2,5% of



annually abroad

• 97,5% go to top 10


• Student mobility steady

around current level

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MALAYSIA and AIT

• Student intake



– Stable intake, but very small (average 3; last year 2), no signs of change



– Enrollment has dropped by 50 % since top years 2001-2002 (12 enrolled)

– 2007-2009 steady at a level of about 5 students (0,2% of total)



– Indication: steadily dropping (> 23,5% in 2001; 2,9 % in 2008)

• Alumni

– Is the 14th most important alumni country (1,8 % of total)

• Partnership

– 1 active agreement

independent conceptual study - exploring a new financial...

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