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Independence Movement

Quebec is located in eastern Canada.

It is the largest of Canada’s provinces and has

the second-largest population.

A large part of Canadian industry is centered

in Quebec.

Many electronics and computer factories are

based here.

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© Brain Wrinkles

Quebec

© Brain Wrinkles

Montreal, Quebec

French is the official language of business and

government in Quebec, and it is spoken by 90% of

the people who live there.

For over fifty years, many of Quebec’s citizens

have argued that their province should separate

from Canada and become its own independent

country.

Why?...

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In 1608, the French established their first

permanent settlement in the New World in New

France (now Quebec).

Many French settlers moved there and

participated in the highly profitable fur trade.

Great Britain wanted a share of Canada’s

valuable natural resources, so they fought the

French and Indian War in 1763.

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© Brain Wrinkles

Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French

settlement in the New World (called Quebec).

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Hats made of beaver fur were in

high demand in Europe.

The British won the war and divided Canada into Upper

Canada (British) and Lower Canada (French) in 1791.

The two colonizing countries still have an impact on

Canadian culture in language and religion today.

Protestants came from England and Catholics came from

France.

They also influenced the traditions, foods, architecture,

etc. that is prominent in Canada today.

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© Brain Wrinkles

In 1837, colonists grew unhappy with the British

government and began to rebel.

Great Britain did not want to repeat what happened

with the American Revolution.

Great Britain set up a government where the

Canadian colonists governed themselves, except in

matters of foreign trade, treaties, and defense.

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In 1867, the British North America Act created the

Dominion of Canada.

This meant that Canada was an independent, self-

governing nation, but still part of the British empire.

The new country had four provinces: Quebec,

Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.

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© Brain Wrinkles

More and more people moved from France to

Quebec over the years.

French became the official language of the

province and is spoken by 90% of the population.

Although Canada was united in 1867, the province

of Quebec is still an island of French language and

culture within the country.

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Most French Canadian families had been living in

Quebec for hundreds of years.

French-speaking Quebecers (called Francophones) had a

different culture than English-speaking Canadians

(Anglophones).

The majority lived on farms and rarely left their

villages.

Most French Canadians were Catholic, while the

majority of British Canadians were Protestant.

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© Brain Wrinkles

By the mid-twentieth century, Quebec had changed

in many ways.

Growing populations pushed into farmlands and

rural people grew poor. Many had to leave their

farms and move to cities.

Their lives were very different now. They stopped

going to Catholic churches. They no longer led a

traditional lifestyle. English was spoken in most

cities, while French was not.© Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Quebec City – 1960s

• Many French Canadians felt that their

language and culture might disappear.

• French culture was overwhelmed by

English.

• They were tired of feeling like second-class

citizens in their own country.

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• By the 1960s, the francophones were

ready to launch an independence

movement.

• Many French Canadians had become

Quebec nationalists and thought of

themselves as Quebecois, not Canadians.

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Many Francophones started to think that

Quebec should secede from Canada.

Separatists want Quebec to “separate” from

Canada’s central government and become an

independent nation.

They want to preserve their cultural,

religious, and ethnic identity and not be

absorbed into Canadian society.

© Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Separatists Protesting

Those who support Quebec separatism want:

• to protect French language and culture

• to be treated as equals with English-

speaking Canadians

• other Canadians to respect French language

and culture

• to preserve French Canadian culture for

future generations

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• Those who oppose Quebec separatism argue

that separatism would:

• ruin national unity and pride

• result in economic disaster for Quebec

• make the rest of Canada lose all of Quebec’s

natural resources, high-tech industries, and

control of the St. Lawrence River shipping

route

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Most English Canadians felt most French Canadians had

always had equal rights and enough representation in the

government.

The national government also argued against secession.

In 1980 and 1995, the people of Quebec voted whether

or not to secede.

• Both votes were in favor of staying Canadian.

• Last vote was very close: 49.4% voted to secede and

50.6% voted to stay Canadian.

• In both referendums, Quebec citizens voted to remain © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

In 1982, the Constitution Act made Canada bilingual

(two official languages are French and English).

In 1988, Canada’s government passed a law giving all

Canadians the right to preserve their cultural heritage.

In 1998, Canada’s Supreme Court ruled that Quebec

could not secede without consent from all of the other

provinces.

Today, the separatist movement has become weaker

and more divided, making the goal even harder to

achieve.© Brain Wrinkles

Quebec A History Storyboard

1608

Directions: Create a storyboard that outlines the history and creation of Quebec. Write a caption and draw an illustration to portray each event.

© Brain Wrinkles

1701 1867

1060s 1082 1005

Quebec A History Storyboard KEY

French established their first permanent settlement in

the New World in New France (now Quebec).

Illustration will vary.

Great Britain won the French & Indian War and divided

Canada into Upper Canada (British) and Lower Canada

(French)

Illustration will vary.

The British North America Act created the Dominion of

Canada, which had 4 provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova

Scotia, & New Brunswick.

Illustration will vary.

Many French Canadians had become Quebec nationalists

and were ready to launch an independence movement.

Illustration will vary.

In 1982, the Constitution Act made Canada bilingual

(two official languages are French and English).

Illustration will vary.

Quebec citizens voted to remain part of Canada. It was a

very close race.

Illustration will vary.

1608

Directions: Create a storyboard that outlines the history and creation of Quebec. Write a caption and draw an illustration to portray each event.

© Brain Wrinkles

1701 1867

1060s 1082 1005

0EACHER INFO: 0wo Viewpoints• Print off the Two Viewpoints printable for each student.

• The left lens will represent the perspective of Quebecois who want to separate from Canada and create

their own country. On the left lens of the glasses, the students will write reasons to support Quebec’s

independence. They will also include a small illustration that represents this viewpoint.

• The right lens will represent the perspective of Quebecois who do NOT want to separate from Canada.

On the right lens of the glasses, the students will write reasons that do NOT support separation. They will

also include a small illustration that represents this viewpoint.

• You can also have the students color & cut out the glasses when finished.

© Brain Wrinkles

ywo Viewpoints

For

Quebec’s

Independence

Movement

Directions: On the left lens, write reasons to support the independence of Quebec. In the right lens, write reasons that do NOT support Quebec becoming its own country. Include a small illustration or symbol to summarize each viewpoint.

Against

© Brain Wrinkles

0EACHER INFO: Citation for Injustice

• Print off the Citation for Injustice printable for each student.

• The students will write a “ticket” to Canada (Offender) for the treatment of

Quebec citizens over the years. They should describe why/how Quebecers feel

their French culture is disappearing. Then, they will write how they think

Canada can rectify the situation.

• In the “polaroid picture”, they will draw a scene to represent something from

this lesson.

© Brain Wrinkles

Photographic Evidence

0icket Number 67483028 22

Offender: Date:

Describe the Offense:

Instead0 the lawbreaker should have:

Signature:

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0EACHER INFO: Comprehension Check

• Print off the Comprehension Check for each student.

• After the lesson, have the students answer the questions.

*This could also be used as a quiz.

© Brain Wrinkles

1. Why is Quebec im

portant to Canada’s economy?

2. What is the official language of Quebec?

3. What is the nam

e of the settlement that Sam

uel de Champlain founded in 1608?

4. What quickly becam

e profitable business for French settlers in this settlement?

5. What tw

o countries fought for control of Canada?

6. Why did the British governm

ent give Canada some independence w

hen colonists began to rebel in 1837?

7. When &

how did Canada eventually gain its independence from

Great Britain?

8. What are Canada’s four original provinces?

9. What religion and language cam

e from England?

10. What religion and language cam

e from France?

11. Why do som

e Quebecers want to rem

ain part of Canada?

12. Why do som

e Quebecers want to separate from

Canada?

13. What w

as the result of the referendums in 1980 and 1995?

14. How has Canada’s national governm

ent attempted to please Quebecers in recent years?

15. Do you think it is a good idea or a bad idea for Quebec to become an independent nation? Explain.

©

Bra

in W

rink

les

1. Why is Quebec im

portant to Canada’s economy?

A large part of Canada’s tech & com

puter industry is located here, on important shipping route, lots of natural resources

2. What is the official language of Quebec?

French

3. What is the nam

e of the settlement that Sam

uel de Champlain founded in 1608?

New France

4. What quickly becam

e profitable business for French settlers in this settlement?

Beaver fur trapping/trading

5. What tw

o countries fought for control of Canada?

France and Great Britain

6. Why did the British governm

ent give Canada some independence w

hen colonists began to rebel in 1837?

They did not want to have another w

ar like the American Revolution

7. When &

how did Canada eventually gain its independence from

Great Britain?

1867—peaceful negotiations over a period of tim

e

8. What are Canada’s four original provinces?

Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunsw

ick

9. What religion and language cam

e from England?

Protestant, English

10. What religion and language cam

e from France?

Catholic, French

11. Why do som

e Quebecers want to rem

ain part of Canada?

ruin national unity and pride

result in economic disaster for Quebec

make the rest of Canada lose all of Quebec’s natural resources, high-tech industries, and control of the St. Law

rence River shipping route

12. Why do som

e Quebecers want to separate from

Canada?

to protect French language and culture

to be treated as equals with English-speaking Canadians

other Canadians to respect French language and culture

to preserve French Canadian culture for future generations

13. What w

as the result of the referendums in 1980 and 1995?

Very close race, but voted to remain part of Canada

14. How has Canada’s national governm

ent attempted to please Quebecers in recent years?

Constitution Act made Canada bilingual, and in 1988, Canada’s governm

ent passed a law giving all Canadians the right to preserve their

cultural heritage

15. Do you think it is a good idea or a bad idea for Quebec to become an independent nation? Explain.

Answers w

ill vary.

©

Bra

in W

rink

les

0EACHER INFO: 0ICKE0 OU0 0HE DOOR

• Print out the exit slip page for each student.

• Have “go back in time” to 1867 when the Dominion of Canada was

created. In the hourglass, they will write advice to the leaders to

avoid future conflict in Quebec/Canada.

© Brain Wrinkles

Go back in time to 1867 when Canada was created. What advice would you give to

leaders to avoid future conflicts in Quebec/Canada?

© Brain Wrinkles © Brain Wrinkles

Name: Name:

Go back in time to 1867 when Canada was created. What advice would you give to

leaders to avoid future conflicts in Quebec/Canada?

Thank you so much for downloading this file. I sincerely hope you find it

helpful and that your students learn a lot from it! I look forward to reading

your feedback in my store.

If you like this file, you might want to check out some of my other products

that teach social studies topics in creative, engaging, and hands-on ways.

Best wishes,

Ansley at Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles. Your download includes a limited use license from Brain Wrinkles. The purchaser may

use the resource for personal classroom use only. The license is not transferable to another person. Other

teachers should purchase their own license through my store.

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