increasing production of chickpea & pigeonpea through intensive application of integrated pest...
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Increasing production of chickpea & pigeonpea through Intensive application of
Integrated Pest Management
Project Proposal2010-12
Under
Accelerated Pulses Production Programme
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENTLBS Building IARI Campus,
NEW DELHI
In rainfed ecology realizing yield potential of In rainfed ecology realizing yield potential of promising varieties depends upon management of promising varieties depends upon management of
biotic and abiotic stressesbiotic and abiotic stresses
Edaphic Abiotic BioticPlant DiseasesInsectsNematodes
Chickpea - Area =7.63 Mh Production= 5.47 MTSource DAC Govt. of India (2006-07)
Pigeonpea - Area =3.53 Mh Production= 2.35 MT
Yield Gap in PulsesYield Gap in Pulses
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Gram Arhar Mungbean Urdbean Pea Lentil
Potential Yield (Kg/ha) National Average Yield (Kg/ha)
Source : Expert Committee Report on Pulses (TMOP) / MOA
Estimated loss* (%) due to specific pests in Estimated loss* (%) due to specific pests in Chickpea and Pigeonpea Chickpea and Pigeonpea
Chickpea PigeonpeaPod borer 10-90% Pod borer complex 40-60%Cutworm 5-30% Phytophthora blight 5-10%Termites 5-15% Wilt 10-15%Semilooper 0-10% Sterlity mosaic 10-15%Wilt/rootrot 20-25% Alternaria blight 10-15%Ascochyta 5-10% Podfly complex 10-50%Botrytis 5-10%
* Experimental results
No resistance gene for podborer, hence >30% yield losses in Chickpea
Insects
The IPM has reduced use of chemical pesticides from 4 to 1 with benefit
ratio of 4.79 against 2.37 in Non-IPM
Pest Moderate damage areas High damage areas
Wilt UP, Bihar, Jharkh, Guj, T N, WB M S, Karnat, AP MP
PB M S, W B U P
SMV Guj, A P U P, Bihar, M.S., Karnat T N
Pod borer U P, Bihar, W B, Jharkhand M S, Guj, Karnat, A P, T N
(H armigera)
Pod fly U P, Bihar, Jhark, Pun, Hary, U P, Bihar, Jhark, W B
M P
Root knot M S U P, Bihar, Gujarat
Cyst Nematode ` M S, A P, T N
Status of Major Pests of Pigeonpea in India
Contribution of plant protection in increasing yield of pulses
Crop Percentage Increase
Pigeon pea 44.57Moog bean 42.20
Urd bean 48.50
Chickpea 23.64Lentil 25.00
Based on field experiments
OBJECTIVES
• To develop “Nuclear Model Villages” in selective districts for demonstrating IPM modules in farmers’ participatory mode to suit their cropping systems.
• Capacity building of technical assistants of different blocks, district/block level officers and farmers to enhance their capabilities towards healthy crop production through IPM strategies.
• To develop and carryout awareness campaigns through conventional (print) and electronic media, to reach areas not covered under this programme.
• To establish centralized “National Pest Reporting and Alert System” through networking of pulse growers, in addition to strengthening of pest diagnostic laboratory.
• Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. To reduced wilt incidence. Antagonists strains have potential (T. harzianum, T. viride)
• Intercropping with sorghum efficiently reduces wilt and pod borer.
• Fixing of Pheromone traps for monitoring
• Physical shaking of plants to dislodge grownup pod borer larvae.
• Spray of HaNPV for pod borer management
• Crude neem extract 5% (NSKE) against pod borer and pod fly.
• Chemical pesticides (Emamectin benzoate) under high pest load
Pigeonpea IPM ModulePigeonpea IPM Module
• Field sanitation• Seed treatment with Trichoderma and Rhizobium• Bird perches • Growing of Coriander/Linseed as 10th row intercrop
for build up of natural enemies • Pheromone traps for H. armigera monitoring• Spray of NSKE 5% at flowering / pod formation stage• Spray of HaNPV if necessary• Endosulfan spray / Emamectin (if epidemic situation)
Chickpea IPM ModuleChickpea IPM Module
Area of operation by NCIPM under A3P
State District/ Co-operator Area (ha)Pigeonpea Chickpea
Andhra Pradesh Anantapur Laxmi ReddyAPAU, Hyderabad
1000 2000
Karnataka Gulbarga S L Shetty & K GopaliUAS, Raichur
7000 5000
Madhya Pradesh Narsinghpur A K BhowmickChindwara JNKVV, Jabalpur
20001000
2000
Maharashtra Aurangabad K R KamleParbhani B B BhosleNanded R C LavekarOsmanabad P N Patange
MAU, Parbhani
1000200010002000
-200010002000
Uttar Pradesh Banda S K SinghHamirpur IIPR, Kanpur
10002000
10001000
Horizontal spread of IPM
Selection of village = SDA + SAU to cover whole village covering maximum of allocated unit.
Crop Covered area across Districts
I yr II yr
Pigeonpea 40000 20000 20000Chickpea 32000 16000 16000Total Area (ha) in 2 years 72000
Capacity Building Activity Venue and NCIPM partners
Training of Farmers of 36 Units (Twice in crop season for hollistic crop care)
Collaborative Centres(KVKs and SAUs)
Tech Asst of entire A3P (118 Units) (2 days)(Hollistic crop care, pest surveillance , data recording and data feeding in computer software)
Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka Madhya Pradesh & Chattisgarh,
Maharashtra & Gujarat
Uttar Pradesh , Bihar, Orissa Rajasthan & Jharkhand
ARS, Gulbarga (UAS, Raichur).
JNKVV, Jabalpur
MAU, Parbhani
IIPR, Kanpur
Representative of State Agri., Dept involved in A3P (118 units) programme.(Refresher training to update them with advancements in the crop protection system with emphasis on IPM)
NCIPM, LBS Building IARI Campus, New Delhi-12
Village Katangi, Jabalpur (MP)
Cercospora indica
• Reduction in green area (50%)
• Severe defoliation• Drop of flowers (>
75%) and buds
Activity/Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Survey by Tech Asst
Data feeding
Advisories by SAUs
Dissemination of advisories by SADs
Tech Asst of A3PFor 1000 ha
Data Entry through Cyber Cafe
Data EntryFriday
SAUs / NCIPM
Elite Farmers(Meeting at village level)
Village Boards, Media
State Agril. Departments
SMS to farmers Advisory
Data analysis and issue of Advisory
Monitoring, analysis & communication
SA
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Dat
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Data collection by Tech Asst
e-Pest Surveillance System
Data entry
Pest reports generated by above application in diff. formats i.e. tabular, graphical and maps
Pest advisory fed into the system by experts
Data processing
Advisory dispersed to Farmers through SMS
Data verification by SRF at SAU NCIPM database server
Computer with net connection application
Online pest reporting & advisory application
Pest advisory viewed by state dept officials
Strains of bioagents used as seed dresser are effective against Fusarium wilt, however not effective against Sclerotium rolfsii
3 days 7 days
Recommended seed rate : 70-100 kg/ha
Seed rate in use : 120-150 kg/ha
Seedling mortality is a key constraint in and around Jabalpur
Soils from disease conducive as well as suppressive fields will be collected for analysis and identification of pathogen biotypes. Associated pathogens will be isolated for identification and their effective management and mapping of their occurrence at country level.