pigeonpea global situation - icrisatoar.icrisat.org/8808/1/pigeonpea global situation.pdf ·...
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Pigeonpea Global Situation
MG MulaPresented during the 1st International Training Course on
‘Pigeonpea Improvement and Seed Production’ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
7-12 November 2011IMODInclusive Market-Oriented Development
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a. Asia
1st documented research started in 1931 in India (Mahala and Dave)
1st scientific breeding started in 1933 in India (Shaw); 86 accessions were morphologically and agronomically described.
1st pigeonpea hybrid (GMS) was released by ICRISAT and ICAR in 1991 in India.
1st pigeonpea hybrid (CMS) was achieved in 2005 by ICRISAT.
History of Pigeonpea Initiative by Region
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b. Africa
1st pigeonpea breeding program started in 1968 (Makarere University, Uganda) by evaluating 5,400 germplasms.
In 1975, University of Nairobi, Kenya started the pigeonpea research which centered on collection, evaluation and selection of germplasm.
In 1998, ICRISAT expanded its studies by using improved pigeonpea cultivars from India and Kenya under rainfed condition at the Mpumalanga Province in South Africa.
History…continuation
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c. Americas and the Caribbean
In the Caribbean, Research program started in 1934 (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture).
In the Americas, variety named ‘New Era’ was released in 1920 (University of Hawaii) for fodder purpose.
d. Oceana
In Australia, research as fodder started in early 70’s while research for the grain product started in 1978.
History … continuation
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Figure1. Global pigeonpea area, production and productivity (FAOStat, 2008).
Global Condition
4.634.704.54
2.862.91
3.66
2.232.05 1.96
3.103.20
3.46
0.83 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.81 0.89
-
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006
Year
Cultivated Area (million ha) Production (mt) Productivity (t/ha)
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Figure 2. Global trend of area (ha) cultivated with pigeonpea by region (1961-2005).
Area by Region
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
5,000,000
1961 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Hecta
re
Asia
Af r ica
America's & Caribbean
Tot al
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Figure 3. Global production (t) trend of pigeonpea by region (1961-2005).
Production by Region
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
1961 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
He
cta
res Asia
Africa
America’s & Caribbean
Total
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Figure 4. Global productivity (kg/ha) trend of pigeonpea by region (1961-2005).
Productivity by Region
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1961 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Kilo
gra
m
Asia
Africa
America’s & Caribbean
Total
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Major Producing CountriesRegion Country (21)
Asia (5) Bangladesh, India, Myanmar,Nepal, Pakistan
Africa (7) Burundi, Comoros, Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda
Americas and Caribbean (9)
Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti,Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
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Region Country (103)Africa (36) Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Madeira, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Saint Helena; Säo Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America’s and Caribbean (35)
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda Islands, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guyana, Guadaloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, St. Croix, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Thomas, Saint Vincent, Suriname, Turks and Caicos Islands, USA (Florida, Oregon and Virginia).
Asia (16) Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Hongkong, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, USSR, Vietnam, United Arab Emirates.
Oceania (16) Australia, Caroline Island, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Mariana Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga.
Minor Producing Countries
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Region/Country
Cumulative Export Data
60s(’61 – ’69)
70s(’70 – ’79)
80s(’80 – ’89)
90s(’90 – ’99)
20s(’00 – ’09)
Qty(t)
Value(000$)
Qty(t)
Value(000$)
Qty (t)
Value(000$)
Qty(t)
Value(000$)
Qty(t)
Value(000$)
AsiaMyanmar
IndiaNepal
909058086310042
-
1257310825
1748-
5265848631
4027-
1346212344
1118-
4327-
15522775
2741-
15341207
2144220160
1282-
956584821083
-
887793*887793
--
389631*389.631
--
AfricaMalawi
147507147507
1342713427
8387383873
1866018660
143855143855
4895148951
9878898788
2982829828
522522
266266
America’s & CaribbeanBarbados
Dominican RepublicJamaica
2411-
2411-
408-
408-
54-
2925
22-
1111
1367510
136596
127959
127815
6606-
6006-
5534-
5534-
612-
612-
714-
714-
Total 240823 26408 136585 32144 161857 64487 126236 44927 888927 390611
Market TrendsStatus of pigeonpea exported by region and by country (1961-2004).
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Region/Country
Cumulative Import Data
60s
(’67 – ’69)
70s
(’70 – ’79)
80s
(’80 – ’89)
90s
(’90 – ’99)
20s
(’00 – ’09)
Qty
(t)
Value
(000$)
Qty
(t)
Value
(000$)
Qty
(t)
Value
(000$)
Qty
(t)
Value
(000$)
Qty
(t)
Value
(000$)
Asia
Bangladesh
Bahrain
China
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Kuwait
Malaysia
Pakistan
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
India
Nepal
570
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
570
-
78
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
78
-
5,169
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,169
-
939
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
939
-
39,591
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
33,280
6,311
13,829
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12,335
1,494
220
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
220
738
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
738
884,308
315
8
26,542
48
3,976
248
148
79
1,902
24
295
4,510
1,683
14,386
830,119
25
388,641.363
148.573
4.2
12,424.409
25.2
1,712.7
130.2
77.7
41.47
836.469
12.6
130.533
2,239.335
737.55
7,863.317
362,149.107
108.0
America’s & Caribbean
Barbados
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Jamaica
Portugal
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12,589
-
-
-
592
-
-
11,997
4,948
-
-
-
188
-
-
4,760
19,397
731
-
-
2
-
3,517
15,147
11,173
513
-
-
3
-
2,628
8,029
8,727
1,352
-
1,109
41
-
5,799
426
6,236
970
-
903
53
-
4,041
269
1,628
-
230
1,265
-
67
66
-
18,764.066
-
72.066
1,010.0
-
17.652.0
30.0
-
Africa
Mauritius
Tanzania
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13,756
13,756
-
8,478
8,478
-
11,931
11,071
860
5,825.45
5,621.2
204.25
Ocenia
Australia
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
183
183
99.435
99.435
Europe
Belgium
France
Italy
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Poland
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,329
1145
28
184
688
77
207
729.723
372.252
8.54
64.348
202.756
30.827
48.0
Total 570 78 17,758 5,887 58,988 25,002 22,703 15,452 900,379 414,060.037
Data of imported pigeonpea by region and by country.
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