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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr1 / 20 Implication of Marine Air Emission from Ocean-Going Vessels to the Coastal Air Quality Heekwan Lee, Ph.D. Professor of Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University Director of Asian Institute for Environmental Research and Energy (A.NERGY) South Korea

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr2 / 20 Contents Marine air emission from ocean- going vessel and its impact to coastal air quality Emission estimation using inventory analysis PAQman and its application Summary and further study IMOs Emission Control Area

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr3 / 20 Air emission from marine vessels

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr4 / 20 Air emission from marine vessel Year 2000 United States Diesel PM and NOx Emission

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr5 / 20 Air emission from marine vessel NOx in 2000NOx in 2015 -Total NOx emission in 2000 at Santa Barbara was about 9 times higher than total NOx emission percent in USA -NOx percentage is expected to increase approximately double in 2015 than NOx emission in 2000.

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr6 / 20 Breeze vs. air pollution in Sydney

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr7 / 20 A local issue in Incheon In coastal areas such as articles and a lot of ship emissions of pollutants are being made Existing national air pollution emissions in the figure are emission inventory, review and supplement Estimation of air pollution emission from ships and analysis

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr8 / 20 CO 2 emission from shipping & aviation (IMO study)

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr9 / 20 Emission inventory analysis The primary method recommended by IPCC. Tier 1 : Supply fuel Consumed fuel by the ships activities are based on national sales data. Tier 3 : Actual consumption fuel On the basis of an individual ship's flight is a way to calculate the emissions. a = Fuel type(diesel, gasoline, LPG, tec.) b = Vessel type(adenoma, engine type)

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr10 / 20 Emission data analysis using Tier 1 (Incheon, 2005) NOx Point emission source 48% Airlines 4% Emission source ground movement 35% Shipping 6% Emission source area 7% SO Point emission source 52% Emission source area 15% Airlines 1% Shipping 30% Emission source ground movement 2% NO x emission from ship contribution 6% of total NO x emission. SO 2 emission from ship contribute 30%, even considering the emission during anchoring period.

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr11 / 20 Ship emission estimation using Tier 3 1. Group the ship into vessel categories Determine the proper categories. (CORINAIR, IPCC, EPA etc.) 2. AIS (Automatic Identification System) Data The sailing time for each ship / vessel identification Time of departure and arrival / Position and Course Vessel's actual speed by the section(cruising, maneuvering, departing etc.) 3. Determine emission factors The emission factors based on the speed and engine power for each vessel category 4. Vessel information from static information Vessel Identification, Speed(Max.), Power(Max), Production year etc. 5. Emission estimation Classifying the cruise mode(cruising, approaching, docking, hotelling, departing) of the ship. Emission estimation by the each mode section Total emissions from individual emission

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr12 / 20 Static information Vessel registration information When a vessel is selected, following information is available 1. Vessel type 2. Construction year 3. Vessel name 4. Vessel owner 5. Registration number

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr13 / 20 AIS(Automatic Identification System) Real time geographic location, speed of vessel and vessel detail as in Table NO.NameDetails 1messageMessage type 2time 3mmsiMaritime Mobile Service Identifier 4navigational 0: under way using engine 1: at anchor 2: not under command 5sogSpeed over ground 6turn Rate of turn +- 127 degrees/min 7heading360 degrees 8lon 1/10000 min (+-180 degrees, East: positive West: Negative) 9lan 1/10000 min (+-180 degrees, North: positive South: Negative) 10nameShip name 11cargoType of cargo ship 12dimensionShip size Table: Detail of AIS data format

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr14 / 20 Emission scope: Incheon Distance of anchorage from harbor Within 15km: W anchorage, A anchorage, E anch orage, Inspection anchorage, Departing anchorage. Approximately 30km : Y anchorage, 1st waiting z one Distance harbor pollution standards Land based: 12 nautical mile(22km) If the distance is 12 nautical mile from Baekah-Do, it is about 90~100km from Incheon port.

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr15 / 20 PAQman processing Map of Incheon coastal areaData upload and archieve Data activity

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr16 / 20 Scope for emission inventory 1. TMx, TMy Coordinate transformation 2. Ships from Teir 1 Emission point

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr17 / 20 Emission from Tier 3 (Incheon, 2005) -The difference in emission estimation is due to the difference in effective boundary zone (Tier1= 16km, and Tier3 = 200km) - Peaks represent the emission amount at waiting zones (about 8km, 14km and 24km distance from port)

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr18 / 20 Summary and further study Domestic line of territory Study to find the effective zone of vessel emission in Incheon coastal area To determine the emission control area (ECA) based on domestic territory or marine territory. Domestic territory approximately 170km Marine territory approximately 192.3km

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr19 / 20 IMOs emission control area International Maritime Organization (IMO) Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) International convention for the prevention of pollution from ships (MARPOL) Emission Control Area (ECA) defined in MARPOL Annex 6 (adopted in 1997)

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Incheon National Universityhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr20 / 20 A.NERGY Homepage : http://airgroup.incheon.ac.krhttp://airgroup.incheon.ac.kr E-mail : airgroup@incheon.ac.kr, anergy@ianergy.orgairgroup@incheon.ac.kranergy@ianergy.org Phone : +82-32-835-8468, 4689 Fax : +82-32-777-8468