IncaInca

People of the SunPeople of the Sun

Civilization in the CloudsCivilization in the Clouds

Gate and arch. “Gateway of the Sun” at Tiwanako near Lake Titicaca. Inca neighbor.

Inca notesInca notes

Inca lived in the Inca lived in the highlands of Peru.highlands of Peru.

Empire reached further Empire reached further than any in New world than any in New world and was as large as the and was as large as the Roman empire.Roman empire.

Pachakuti Inca began Pachakuti Inca began series of conquests in series of conquests in 1440 AD leading to 1440 AD leading to unified empire.unified empire.

When Pizzaro arrived in When Pizzaro arrived in 1532 the Inca had just 1532 the Inca had just ended a long period of ended a long period of civil war.civil war.

Inca cities were linked Inca cities were linked by extensive road by extensive road networks.networks.

Surplus food was stored Surplus food was stored in special cities for in special cities for times of scarcity.times of scarcity.

Machu Pichu

Inca hwy system longer than Roman. Covered 25,000 miles. Mail traveled faster than it does today.

Inca engineering included suspension bridges over deep crevasses and rivers. These bridges were designed as cable suspension spans and were made from grass.

Following the roads, part of which was cut directly into moutain sides, goods from the coast coulfd reach Cuzco in the highlands in one day.

Pisca Q’ uchu

Inca masonry. No mortar. The jig-saw affect locks all pieces.

Playful rock carving to allow flow of sacred water. Such carvings are part of many Inca sites and especially at Machu Pichu.

Massive stone block architecture

Modern structure on top of Inca masonry.

Llama

Inca mummy and child sacrifice mummy

Agricultural terraces.

Peruvian musicians “Inca Son”

Inca style textiles and market.

Pachacuti inca

Tupac Inca

Huayana Inac

Atahualpa Inca

After conquest: Manko, Yupanqui

Inca textiles.

Quipu record keeping system. Relied on mathematics and mnemonics. A series of knots tied to various lengths of cord are used to record inventories, histories, tribute/taxes and key dates.

Yupanqui Inca

Mt fortress city Pisac

Atahualpa Inca Pizzaro

Reenactment of Inca festival to the Sun.

NascaNasca

Pre IncaPre Inca High plateaus of Nasca plainHigh plateaus of Nasca plain Known only through desert glyphs, pottery, a Known only through desert glyphs, pottery, a

few pyramid sites few pyramid sites Practiced cranial deformation possibly as a Practiced cranial deformation possibly as a

sign of status.sign of status.

Purposely deformed skulls (Nazca)

Human face jugs. Common element in much Peruvian pottery (pre Inca)

Silver Metalwork representation of reed raft. (pre Inca)