In your notes...● Title Notes: Competing Ideologies● copy down this definition and give one

example of an ideology you have ● ideology: a system of ideas, especially one

that forms the basis of economic or political theory

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Competing Ideologies

Ideology● political ● religious● gender● economic● legal/ ethical

*Capitalism● economic system in which the factors of

production are privately owned and money is invested to make a profit

Capitalism ● laissez faire: little

to no government interference in working conditions○ grew out of the

Enlightenment

Capitalism ● Adam Smith: Wealth of

Nations (1776)○ law of self-interest○ law of competition○ law of supply and demand

Capitalism● opposed government efforts to help poor

workers such as minimum wage laws and better working conditions

*Socialism● factors of production owned by the public

(through the government) and operate for the benefit of all

Socialism● Karl Marx and

Friedrich Engels = Communist Manifesto (1848)○ human societies always have

been divided by classes: the “haves” and the “have-nots”

○ this division results in conflict

Communism● classless society the

final stage of Marx plan = communism○ all forms of production

owned by the people and goods shared equally

Quote BreakdownMarx and Smith use difficult and figurative language to convey their point. For each quote, 1) what does it mean in your own words (use

your resources to look up words)2) what do you think about this? Why do you

think that?

In your notes...

PROS CONS

Capitalism

Socialism/ Communism

Using info from notes and the excerpts, fill out the table below:

In your notes...Answer the following questions:● In your opinion, which economy ideology is

best? Why? ● Can there exist a medium between these two

ideologies?● Will there ever be a perfect economic

system?

Fill in your TOC

Self-Rule for British Colonies

British Empire● 1800: England had colonies around the

world on 5 out of the 7 continents

*Canada● after French and Indian War,

England took over ● conflict between existing

French and English colonists → division of Upper and Lower Canada (each with their own assembly)

Canada● rebellions broke out between French and

English → need reforms● Dominion of Canada = part of the British

empire, but was self-governing in domestic affairs

*Australia and New Zealand ● Maori = natives of New Zealand since 800 C.

E.● Aborigines = natives of Australia

Australia and New Zealand ● British holdings begin with James Cook who

claimed Australia and New Zealand for England between 1769-1770

Australia and New Zealand ● turned into a penal colony → began

colonizing with criminals due to overcrowding of English prisons

● 1800’s: other settlers started immigrating due to cheap land

Australia and New Zealand ● conflict especially in New Zealand with

Maori● treaty with Maori (1840)= Maori land rights

in exchange for British rule

Australia and New Zealand ● 1850’s: Australia and New Zealand became

self-governing ○ instilled reforms such as voting rights for women

and secret ballots

Australia and New Zealand ● status of native people

○ excluded from democracy○ killed by diseases○ colonists displaced or killed natives

*Ireland● English expansion to

Ireland began in the 1100’s - limited the rights of the Irish

● 1801: Ireland and England formally joined

Ireland● Great Famine: plant fungus

ruined the potato harvest in 1840’s; killed 1 million people

● people in debt to English, who still enforced rent (even though the crop was ruined)

Ireland● Irish demanded for home rule and the

British refused● small rebellion in 1916 led to widespread

Irish nationalism

Ireland● Irish Republican Army (unofficial

military formed to seek independence for Ireland) → staged a series of attacks against the British in Ireland

Ireland● 1921: England

divided Ireland○ home rule to Southern

Ireland○ Northern Ireland part

of Great Britain

Why was there no revolution?

Brainstorm: factors of revolution

Why was there no revolution?

● debt● political instability● religious tensions● class tensions

Question: Why was there no revolution of these British colonies?

Canada

New Zealand/ Australia

Conclusion: Why is this important?

1. why could this be a revolution?2. why it is not?- compare to another revolution we

talked about

repeat

Introduction

Ireland

repeat

Highlight your notes...

19th Century Progress

Inventions● Thomas Edison

○ created the first research lab in NJ

○ invented the lightbulb and the phonograph

Inventions● Alexander Graham Bell: invented the

telephone

Inventions● Henry Ford

○ used standard and interchangeable parts to create an assembly line

○ could make cars cheaper and faster

Inventions● Wilbur and Orville Wright: flew a gas

powered flying machine in Kitty Hawk, NC

Medicine ● Germ Theory = developed

by Louis Pasteur in mid-1800’s○ bacteria can cause disease and

bacteria killed by heat● creation of plumbing and

sewer systems, as well as vaccines and cures for diseases

Science● Charles Darwin

○ theory of natural selection and evolution

○ On the Origin of Species (1859): some species flourish and pass traits to next generation, while others do not

Science● John Dalton = theorized about

atoms● Dmitri Mendeleev = created

periodic table of elements in 1869● Marie Curie = discovered radium

and polonium that were found to release energy → radioactivity

Social Science● 1800’s: scientists began to study human

behavior → archeology, anthropology, and sociology

Social Science● psychology = study of

the human mind○ Ivan Pavlov = human

actions could be changed by training

○ Sigmund Freud = unconscious mind drives people to act

Mass Culture● the appeal of art, writing, music, and other

forms of entertainment to a larger audience

Mass Culture● popular leisure

○ music halls: variety acts○ movies○ spectator sports: popularity of

baseball and football and the beginning of the modern Olympics

TIME Magazine Person or Idea of the Late 19th Century

Choose one person or idea from today and create a cover for this issue of TIME Magazine.Include:● TIME logo● a cover picture● main article heading with a short explanation of why they are

person or idea of the late 19th century● subarticle headings about at least two other people/ ideas-

explain why these are also important discoveries

In your notes...Title Notes: ImperialismWrite down the definition in your notes and answer the question.imperialism: extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Where have we seen imperialism before?

Imperialism

Africa in the mid-1800’s● many urban centers, ethnic groups and

languages

European Contact● the exploration of Dr. David Livingstone

peaked in the interest of King Leopold II of Belgium → gained control of the Congo

● forced natives onto plantations and sparked a movement by other European powers to do the same

Justification● used social Darwinism to justify imperialism

○ Europeans superior to non-Europeans○ “duty” to bring progress to “uncivilized” countries

● justification for racism○ one race is superior to others

Factors that led to Imperialism● European technological advantage =

automatic machine gun, steam engine● European medical advantage = quinine

developed to protect from malaria● African disadvantage = not homogenous

population (no common unity)

Scramble for Africa● began in 1880- “race” of European powers to

colonize in Africa before other countries could stake out territory

Berlin Conference (1884-85)● 14 European nations met to

set up rules in the conquest of Africa○ must show control of the area○ must notify other countries

● By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control

Berlin Conference (1884-85)● They did not discuss:

○ Africans opinions on the matter○ talking ethnic and linguistic divisions into

consideration

Lasting Effects● changed the structure of politics, the economy and society

in Africa up until present day

Lasting Effects● ethnic conflict and

civil wars

Political CartoonsPurpose: amuse and persuade

How to Analyze a Political Cartoon = SCAMS!

S = Subject (What is the topic of the cartoon?)

C = Caption (What is the title of the cartoon? What is the language used in the cartoon? What does it mean? )

A = Actions (What is happening in the cartoon? Look for movement, actions and dialogue. These provide clues to the message and what the symbols represent)

M = Message (What is the author’s point of view? What is the theme of the cartoon? What is the purpose for making this cartoon?)

S = Symbols (What do the symbols in the cartoon represent?)

Let’s do one as a class...

S =C =A =M =S =

S =C =A =M =S =

S =C =A =M =S =