Mr. BarchettoNotes #3

Nations Competed for Overseas Nations Competed for Overseas Empires:Empires:

““New Imperialism”New Imperialism”

Imperialism vs. Imperialism vs. ColonialismColonialism

Relationship to Each OtherRelationship to Each OtherImperialism:

is the practice of a stronger nation dominating a weaker nation…not necessarily a larger nation taken over a smaller nation.

Relationships: Imperialism vs. Colonialism

Although both terms are essentially the same, it is good to think of imperialism as the idea, and colonialism as the action.

Pre-19th century imperialism (Old Imperialism): settlement or trade relationships with indigenous governments Age of Exploration

19th-century imperialism (New Imperialism): occupation and direct rule by Europeans Industrial Revolution

Old vs. New Imperialism activity worksheet

Old Imperialism vs. New Old Imperialism vs. New ImperialismImperialism

Economic Motives:Desire for wealth, riches,

and new trade routes to Asia

(3 g’s-GOLD)

Social/Religious Motives:Desire of Catholic priests

to spread Christianity in the Americas.(GOD & GLORY)

Methods of Conquest:Military conquest of Native

peoples.

Economic Motives:Expansion of industry by

acquiring new markets and sources of raw materials

Social/Religious Motives:Racism, missionary zeal to

Christianize natives of Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands

Methods of Conquest:Establishment of spheres

of influence, colonies, protectorates, or control by private businesses

Old Imperialism vs. New Old Imperialism vs. New ImperialismImperialism

Patterns of colonial management:Spanish subjected conquered

people to a system of forced labor. Dutch & French est. trading posts, & British est. colonies w/ limited self rule

Resistance to colonial rule:Natives of New Mexico

revolted against Spanish Settlers.

Impact of colonization:Negative- death of natives

from war and European diseases, enslavement of Africans

Positive- global exchange of food items and livestock (Columbian Exchange)

Patterns of colonial management :British relied on indirect rule, while

other European powers ruled directly through policies of paternalism and assimilation

Resistance to colonial rule :Algerians and East Africans failed

in resistance attempts; Ethiopians defeated Italians and remained independent

Impact of colonization :Negative- death of natives from

war & European diseases, economic exploitation, arbitrary political division, breakdown of traditions

Positive- reduced local warfare, unification, modernization, raised standards of living.

Causes of New Causes of New ImperialismImperialism

Success of Industrial Revolution!!Economic Interests

Large surpluses due to the technology created during the industrial revolution left Europe needing new markets for their goods; as well as a heavy demand for raw materials from abroad.

Political/MilitaryIn order to protect European possessions abroad it was important

that strategic areas were controlled and secured overseas.

NationalismA strong sense of national pride was associated with conquering

lands abroad, which led to competition of European powers to further expansion.

Social Darwinism/Humanitarian GoalsEuropeans began believing that the strongest societies would not

only survive but it was their duty/privilege to conquer inferior people/races. There was also this strong belief that the world must be Christianized.

“I contend that we Britons are the first race in the world, and more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. I believe it is my duty to God, my

Queen, and my country to paint the whole map of Africa red, red from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo”- Cecil

Rhodes

Europe believed in its own superiority Europe believed in its own superiority

The White Man's Burden By Rudyard Kipling

Take up the White Man's burden - Send forth the best ye breed -

Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;

To wait in heavy harnessOn fluttered folk and wild -

Your new-caught sullen peoples,Half devil and half child.

The Burial (1902) –Rudyard Kipling

WHEN that great Kings return to clay,Or Emperors in their pride,Grief of a day shall fill a day,Because its creature died.But we—we reckon not with thoseWhom the mere Fates ordain,This Power that wrought on us and goesBack to the Power again.

Dreamer devout, by vision ledBeyond our guess or reach,The travail of his spirit bredCities in place of speech.So huge the all-mastering thought that drove—So brief the term allowed—Nations, not words, he linked to proveHis faith before the crowd.

It is his will that he look forthAcross the world he won—The granite of the ancient North—Great spaces washed with sun.There shall he patient take his seat(As when the Death he dared),And there await a people’s feetIn the paths that he prepared.

There, till the vision he foresawSplendid and whole arise,And unimagined Empires drawTo council ’neath his skies,The immense and brooding Spirit stillShall quicken and control.Living he was the land, and dead,His soul shall be her soul!

Success of New Success of New ImperialismImperialism

Medical Advances- Quinine and other medications helped Europeans

survive deadly tropical diseases. Allowed Europeans to travel further into Africa & Asia

Technology- Weapons- Maxim Gun, repeating rifles, steam

driven warships Economies- Strong economies lead to money &

centralized governments Resistance-

Technology made it very difficult for African and Asian cultures to fight westernization.

Groups will resist and fight even though they do not have the technology

Forms of Imperial Rule:Forms of Imperial Rule:

Colony: country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power

 Protectorate: country or a territory with its own internal government but their foreign policy is under the control of an outside power.

 Condominium: a country ruled jointly by two other nations.

Imperial Management Imperial Management MethodsMethods

Indirect Control: Local government

officials were used to help control area

British let limited self-rule in their colonies

Goal: develop future leaders (modeled by the West)

Direct Control:Foreign officials

are brought into colonies to rule

No self rule

Goal: assimilation