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A Kangaroo? 2 The Last Hitching Post 3 Venus 4 Easter 5 The Fox 6 Anzac Day 8 John Wroe 10

Corio Distillery 12

Australian Slang C & D 14

Indented Head—Part 5 16

Benefits of Good Nutrition 18

Anne Frank 20 Chicken Pox 22 The Great Barrier Reef 24 Hugh Jackman 26 Recipe—Quick Beef Curry 28 Word Search— Sports 29 Endangered! Tassie Devil 30 150 Years Ago 31 Then… & Now 32

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What does a Kangaroo look like? Imagine trying to describe one to a person who had never seen one before. That was the dilemma facing Geelong’s George Thomas Lloyd:

“Shortly after my arrival in [London], in the year 1853, I received a commission from the municipal corporation of Geelong, Victoria, to obtain an iron tower, suitable for the placing and reception of a handsome town-clock, value £200, “presented by Mr. James Austin, on his retirement from the mayoralty.”

I determined to adorn the column with the figure of a kangaroo in gilded metal [but] not being sufficiently master of the pencil to draw the required animal to a nicety, I visited innumerable book and picture shops, in the hope of setting the knotty point at rest, by

purchasing a pictorial representation of one.

“Have you a good print of a kangaroo?” demanded I.

“Um! Well! I don’t really know sir, but I’ll see. What’s it like sir?”

“Why it’s like no other animal but itself,” was my reply, “unless you could affix a long twenty-five pound tail to a half-grown fawn, and cause it to sit upon its new appendage in a bolt upright position.”

“Oh, Mr. Sharp!” exclaimed the young master, “Step forward: have we a picture of an animal sitting on its tail?”

“Sitting on its tail, sir! Oh, yes, sir! Scores of them!”

“Find some for this gentleman.”

Sundry portfolios were immediately searched, when suddenly Mr. Sharp announced in a loud self-approving tone, “Here they are, sir!” producing, in the same breath, to my great disgust at so unpardonable a libel, a

Geelong’s clock tower

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packet of lusty old orang-otangs!

Seeing that Mr. Sharp was not amiably disposed at my risible reception of his monkey pictures, I felt called upon to draw a kangaroo as well as I could for his special edification; when, on my exhibiting a rough sketch of the animal, all present burst into peals of laughter at Mr. Sharp’s boasted knowledge of natural history.

Despairing, however, from this time, of obtaining a true picture of the graceful creature, I returned home, and after destroying several sheets of card-board and double-milled foolscap, I succeeded in tracing out a tolerable representation of the animal adopted in our

colonial heraldic crest—not an orang-otang, but a noble forest kangaroo.

But the architect draftsman—after all my trouble, anxious to please no doubt—took the liberty of coiling the tail, unpliant as a weaver’s beam, several times round the shaft-iron; which tail I caused to be rubbed out—never having met with a ring-tailed kangaroo.

(Excerpt taken from Thirty-three Years in Tasmania and Victoria, by George Thomas Lloyd)

On the kerb of the east side footpath of Yarra Street, between Malop and Little Molap Street until quite recently stood the last of the cast iron hitching posts which had been placed in strategic positions by the local council

over 100 years ago. These hitching post were erected on the edge of footpaths for the convenience of patrons of nearby trading houses, places where customers could tether their horses whilst they executed their business. In order to preserve this relic, this last post has been stored in the Geelong Council yards.

A humorous sidelight on this particular post is the story told of a leading citizen of earlier days whose habit it was to rest his white gloved hand on the top of the post, whilst waiting the return of his family, before unhitching and leaving for home. Observant youths who worked in nearby offices, upon noticing this habit, proceeded to pour printers ink in a hole caused by a flaw in the casting- the result a dirty glove and a very red face.

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The second planet from our sun, Venus is named after the Roman goddess of beauty.

The planet is the brightest object in our heavens, after the Sun and Moon. Being closer to the centre of our Solar System than the earth is, it always appears close in the sky to the Sun, becoming most visible just before dawn or after sunset. Thus, it is also known as the Morning Star or Evening Star.

Venus is the closest planet to Earth. One day on Venus is 46 hours long. One year on Venus is equal to 225 Earth days. The gravity is almost the same as Earth. A kilogram of butter would weigh in at 904 grams. The diameter of Venus is almost the same as Earth—12,092 km approximately 600 km smaller. So, it is of similar size, mass and gravity to Earth, but is very different in other ways.

Venus is shrouded by a sulphuric acid cloud layer. When it rains the sulphuric acid evaporates about 25 km above the surface of the planet. The atmosphere is 92 times as thick as Earth, helping the planet trap heat near the surface. The average temperature of 462o Celsius on Venus makes it by far the hottest planet in the Solar System, even hotter than Mercury which is much closer to the Sun.

The surface is made up of constantly erupting volcanos which creates massive thunder storms under the sulphuric acid cloud. There are 2 continents on this planet. The continent in the north hemisphere is named Ishtar Terra (named after the Assyrian goddess of love from which the Easter celebration also originated), which is approximately the size of Australia.

Just south of the equator is a second continent names Aphrodite Terra (after the Roman goddess of love) which is approximately the size of South America and is covered in fractures and faults. This planet has 167 large volcanoes, each over 100km across.

The atmosphere on the planet is made up of 96.5% carbon dioxide, 3.5% nitrogen, and fractions of other elements. Many un-manned probes have been sent to Venus by the Russians and Americans. While much data has been retrieved, no landing probe has survived on the surface for more than a few hours, due to the incredible heat and pressure.

Size comparison of terrestrial planets (left to right): Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

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Promoted as a celebration of Christ’s resurrection, Easter is actually rooted in false religion. The Encyclopædia Britannica comments: “There is no indication of the observance of the Easter festival in the New Testament, or in the writings of the apostolic Fathers.”

Hundreds of years before Christianity started, the Babylonians (modern Iraq) worshipped Astarte (the Assyrians called her Ishtar), the Queen of Heaven. Represented in ancient artwork as a naked woman, this wife of the popular god Baal was the goddess of fertility, sexuality and war. A major sex festival was dedicated to Astarte each April. Celebrations were linked to revelries, orgies and prostitution.

By the 8th century C.E. the same festivities became linked to Eostre, or Ostara, the Anglo-Saxon (German) goddess of the dawn and of Spring. Although wildly popular with various peoples throughout Europe and Asia, the Catholic Church strongly disapproved of any pagan religious rites, especially those associated with the worship of sex-goddesses. Rather than stamp out the unholy practice, the church chose to appease the masses by allowing them to keep their festival by ‘Christianising’ it. They renamed it Easter, and associated it with the resurrec-

tion of Jesus Christ, an event which occurred around the same time of year.

But how did eggs and rabbits and hot cross buns come to be associated with Easter? Eggs “have been prominent as symbols of new life and resurrection,”

says the Encyclopædia Britannica. Like the hot cross buns of Good Friday, the dyed eggs of Pasch or Easter Sunday, figured in the Babylonian (Chaldean) rites thousands of years ago.

What about the rabbits? The Catholic Encyclopedia admits: “A great many pagan customs, celebrating the return of spring, gravitated to Easter. . . The rabbit is a pagan symbol and has always been an emblem of fertility.”

Today, bakeries fill with the tantalising smell of yeast buns cooking, while hungry customers wait to smother them with butter while still hot. Parents laugh as little children hunt colourful chocolate eggs and rabbits, placing them in Easter baskets. How surprised they may be to realise they are actually participating in a thinly disguised sex festival from pre-Christian times.

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From the settlement of white men, Australia’s roots have been mainly British, a country where fox-hunting has been carried out for centuries. Thus, foxes were introduced into Australia initially for the purpose of recreational fox-hunting. Many introductions of the fox were attempted. Two finally

proved successful, leading the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to describe the fox as one of the world’s worst invasive species.

It is believed that a famous sportsman Dr. King, released a dog and a vixen (female fox) 19km from Ballart in 1871. Thomas Chirnside, the owner of Werribee Mansion, also released several foxes at Point Cook in the early 1870’s. Reports of fox sightings were made in Laverton and Little River in 1878 and Corio Bay in 1880 as they spread across the landscape. In less than a decade the descendants of that handful of English red foxes inhabited 13,000 square km of Victoria. By 1895 the destructive nature of foxes, in a land where they have no natural predator, had became apparent.

Hopes that the fox would help wipe out the rabbit plague proved unfounded, with foxes reportedly living in the same burrows as rabbits. The wild turkeys were all destroyed, flocks of sheep were continually being attacked, and poultry farmers lamented their dwindling stocks. Local councils around Geelong fought back, placing a bounty of up to 5 shillings (50c) on the head of foxes to encourage shooters and trappers to target the pest. The ‘fox bonus’ as it was called proved mostly unsuccessful!

Today, only 140 years after release, foxes range over two-thirds of the continent, with their northern limit being within 160km of the Gulf of Carpentaria.

The fox has adapted to living in a broad range of habitats from the arctic to sub-tropical, including savannah plains, grasslands, open woodlands, forests and urban areas, including Melbourne. (For example, foxes are still sighted in Box Hill, Camberwell, Spotswood, Balwyn, and Port Melbourne). Foxes are still sighted regularly all around Geelong and on the Bellarine Peninsula.

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Characteristics of the Red Fox

Adult foxes weigh 4.5-8.3kg. The male is 110cm average length (47cm tail) and the female is 103cm average length (40cm tail). The fox can reach a maximum speed of 50kph.

The animals reach reproductive age at 9-10 months. Dominant foxes supress the reproduction of submissive animals.

Breeding season is in July to October, with its peak in August.

Gestation lasts 51-53 days.

Litter size is 4-10, with an average of 4 kits.

Dens are dug or existing rabbit or wombat burrows are excavated for breeding.

The male brings food to the den for a breeding vixen for approximately 2-3 weeks, while sub-adult non-breeding females may act as helpers to the vixen. After four weeks on a liquid diet, the cubs are weaned to solids and trained to consuming food matter with fur and feathers, which is brought back to the den by the vixen and helpers. The territory range of foxes in an urban area is up to 30ha and rural areas between 250-750ha.

Foxes readily eat plant material and in some areas in autumn, fruit can make up 100% of their diet. Frequently consumed fruits include blueberries, black-berries, raspberries, cherries, persimmons, apples, plums and grapes. Grasses and roots are also consumed.

While the wild fox population took until the 1870’s to get established, foxes had been released earlier for settlers to satisfy their longing for the traditional English sport of fox hunting, as the following poem describes:

The Hunt Week at Geelong.

Ye who love merriment, laughing , and fun. All who would look on a bustling throng; All ye who moping and sighing would shun, then come to Geelong—then come to Geelong.

Here courses as swift as the winds from our shore, with their gallant young riders all dashing along, While loud shouts the crowd in a thousand and more— Hark forward Geelong! Hark forward Geelong!

Here the huntsman rove through our emerald bush, (and all these are men of the premier ton) How sure falls the fox on whom they hard push, o’er the hills of Geelong, through the vales of Geelong.

Truly English they are, with their coats, caps, and whips, the wild woods look bright as they muster so strong; O’er fences and chasms they fearlessly leap, when they hunt at Geelong, they hunt at Geelong.

—Geelong Advertiser. August 1, 1848 p.1 .

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On April 25 each year Australians mark ANZAC Day, a memorial to Australian and New Zealand casualties of World War I. Why was April 25 chosen for this day of special significance?

After 6 months of fighting in Europe, the war had become bogged down on two fronts—the western front (in Belgium and France), and the eastern front (pushing toward Russia). British First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, proposed a strategy which included the invasion of the Turkish-held Dardanelles, a narrow strip of sea linking the Mediterranean Sea with Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Black Sea beyond. If successful, the invasion would cause the further depletion of German troops on the other two fronts as they would be moved to repel the attack on their south flank. It would also open up a supply link to Russia, which at the time was in desperate need of war materials.

The attack began on February 19, 1915 with a sea bombard-ment of the Gallipoli Peninsula, which ran down the western side of the Dardanelles. The British commanders were expecting a quick victory after the shelling softened up the local Turk defenders. However, after the shelling stopped in early March, a 6 week period of inactivity before the beach invasion allowed the Turks to rebuild their defences and bring in fresh troops with supplies. When the British generals finally ordered the landing of British, French, Irish, Australian and New Zealand troops on April 25, 1915, the Turks were ready for them.

The Australians landed at what became known as Anzac Cove and established a tenuous foothold on the steep slopes above the beach. During the early days of the campaign, the Allies tried to break through the Turkish lines, but in the previous few years warfare technology had advanced so rapidly that typical battle strategy used by commanders up to that time proved futile. The main problem? Machine guns!

No longer could a large well-equipped invading force simply over-run an entrenched defender through weight of numbers. After battleship and cannon bombardment ceased, it took only a few seconds for the Turks to come out of their shelters, set up

In 1915 at Gallipoli 130,784 men died and 261,554 were

wounded. Over 86,000 of the dead were Turkish.

Among the 44,000 Allied troops that died 8,709 were from Australia, and 2, 721 were from New Zealand.

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machine gun nests, and await the predictable charge of infantry. Hundreds of Allied soldiers were mown down in a hail of machine gun fire before they cleared their trenches and started running across no-man’s land toward the enemy. Casualties commonly ranged from 60%—70% of entire divisions. One Irish regiment, the Dublin Fusiliers, initially numbered 1,012 men. Only 11 survived the Gallipoli campaign.

On May 19, 1915, 42,000 Turks trying to drive the Allied troops off the peninsula, launched an attack on the 17,000 ANZAC troops who had dug in on the beach. Over 3,000 Turks died, with another 10,000 wounded. In comparison, only 160 Australians died with 468 wounded. The attack was successfully repelled. However, losses were so severe that no-man’s land was strewn with dead bodies. A truce was called between the two armies on May 24, so that the bodies could be collected and buried. A strange, friendly form of camaraderie occurred between the two armies on this day as they helped each other collect their fallen mates, not repeated again for the rest of the war.

Starting on August 6, 1915, the Allies again attempted to break through the entrenched Turks. Australians featured in attacks at Lone Pine and The Nek. The advance was thwarted and the Turks counter-attacked. All attempts ended in failure for both sides, and the stalemate continued for the remainder of 1915.

Finally, news of the bitter failure reached the ears of the public in Britain, who demand-ed that more be done to relieve the battle-weary Allied troops. Finally admitting defeat, on December 7 troops were ordered to start withdrawing from the Gallipoli Peninsula. The last troops left the beaches on January 9, 1916.

The defeat had no affect on the outcome of the war. Apart from a few disgraced incom-petent British commanders, there was little fallout from the Gallipoli Campaign in Europe. However, Gallipoli had a profound affect on the fledgling countries of Australia and New Zealand. Within a few years Australia had formed a lasting friendship with its former enemy (Turkey), leaving many grieving families to wonder why their husbands, fathers and sons had needed to sacrifice their lives at all! The campaign was the first major battle undertaken in war by Australia, and Anzac Day provides many with a day to reflect on national identity, loss, and the futility of war.

A War Memorial at Anzac Cove, set up by the Turkish leader Atatürk in 1934. It reads: “Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives... you are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours... You, the mothers, who sent their sons from far away countries wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace. After having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well.”

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Religion played an important role in the early days of Geelong. Church services were quickly organized, first in farm sheds and then private homes. Within a few years, churches started to spring up all over town—Presbyterian, Methodist, Wesleyan, Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran, Scots, etc. In addition to these ‘mainstream’ groups, smaller denominations added their character to the town.

These were days when the clergy had much influence over their flocks, and devoted worshippers boldly expressed their faith, not only in church, but publically on the streets of Geelong. One of the more controversial of these religious groups, were the followers of John Wroe.

Wroe was born in Yorkshire, England in 1782. After a difficult upbringing, which included constant disputes with his father, and one financial crisis after another, Wroe’s life was at a crossroads. In 1819, aged 37, he fell seriously ill, and while on his sickbed started having a series of visions which he attributed to coming from God. Recovering in health he started preaching. By 1822 he had established quite a following and eventually formed the Christian Israelite Church.

Backed by a variety of wealthy merchants, Wroe built a temple and a large house for himself, while developing strict codes of conduct for those who ‘believed.’ Along with strict rules regarding diet and clothing, shaving was also forbidden, following Wroe’s catchcry: “As the beard lengthens, the faith strengthens.” Their long beards led to the nickname “Beardies” by which they were commonly called in Geelong. With a questionable background of sexual impropriety and a focus on money (not unlike many churches today), Wroe sailed into Melbourne on September 5, 1850 with a goal of converting locals and establishing groups in Melbourne* and Geelong.

His first visit to Geelong was on September 12, 1850, when he held a meeting in an old disused store in town. Being a religiously inclined community back then, the building was packed with curious locals, and many had to be turned away. Speaking in tongues and miraculous ‘faith’ healings were promised as signs of the ‘spirit’ backing his church. His charismatic personality and speaking ability appealed to many, despite a strong emphasis on collections being taken and tithing (paying 10% of your wage) by all members. A series of packed meetings were held, which culminated in an event which made John Wroe appear a laughing stock to many Geelong citizens—

Wroe and his supporters advertised extensively that he would be able to walk across the Barwon River on top of the water, just as Jesus had reportedly done 1,800 years earlier. On a Sunday at the appointed time of 3pm, the riverbank near the Colac bridge

*This Melbourne group still exists today, in Fitzroy St, Fitzroy.

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(Moorabool St bridge today) was crammed with thousands of onlookers. As Wroe appeared on the northern, or town bank, loud cheers erupted from the crowd, along with shouts of “Bravo, John Wroe!”

As the crowd watched on Wroe took off his Wellington boots and performed a number of movements, as if warming up to the task. As there appeared to be a delay of several minutes the crowd became restless. To cries of “Walk across John” one of Wroe’s supporters replied, “He has not yet got the spirit to work.” After several more minutes of dancing around, trying to ‘get the spirit to work,’ Wroe place one foot in the water, splashed it around, withdrew it, and then did the same with his other foot. Roars of laughter followed from the crowd.

Wroe then addressed the crowd: “Brethren, I cannot walk across the river today because I have temporarily lost the faith, but next Sabbath (Sunday) I will pass over the water to the opposite side.” The crowd erupted in ridicule and abuse, hurling sods of dirt and other missiles at the retreating Wroe and his party. Eventually the police stepped in to protect the Beardies, saving them from further harm. Needless to say, Wroe did not appear on the next, or any other Sabbath to keep his promise.

Despite this evident ‘failure’ Wroe’s followers were undeterred. Based at their Spring Street, Geelong West church, they regularly stood on street corners, especially next to Market Square in the town centre, and boldly preached their message, with mixed results. (see box below) The same scene is stilled observed on occasion today from different charismatic religious groups, trying to get their message across.

The Beardies in Geelong The Argus Monday, June 1, 1863

“Between three and four o’clock yesterday afternoon, something over a thousand persons, of all ages, among whom were a great many females and a large number of children, assembled at the Yarra-street Wharf, expecting, apparently, what was designated a “jolly lark.” A Mr. Castair first addressed the crowd for a short time, in opposition to the revolting practices of the Beardies; then came a Beardie to maintain and defend his creed; and now commenced the most disgraceful Sunday row that has ever been witnessed here. The mob continued surging backwards and forwards from one preacher to the other; the most blasphemous jokes were bandied about; personal violence was at last offered to the Beardies, their hats being knocked on their heads in one or two instances, and some of them being pushed off the platform. In retaliation, one of them challenged any two in the crowd to fight him. The Beardie preacher commenced cursing his tormentors in the most filthy and disgusting language conceivable. The crowd replied by yelling, hissing, and hooting; and there can be no doubt that, had not this man and his co-religionists made off, broken heads would have speedily replaced the broken hats.”

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While the United States of America may have been in the middle of their Prohibition Era, in 1927 the Scottish were busy expanding their whiskey

making industry. In April that year the Distillers’ Co-operation of Edinburgh, in partnership with Australian interests announced that a new whiskey distillery was to be built in Corio, Geelong. The new distillery, opened on March 21, 1929, at a cost of £250,000 ($500,000) was to become the largest whiskey distillation plant in the Southern Hemisphere.

Located on 32 acres at 23 Lowe Street, North Shore, the distillery operated from 1929 until its closure 51 years later in 1980. All distillation equipment was imported from Britain, including the massive pot stills. A special railway siding was added to facilitate the supply of barley to the plant. At the opening ceremo-ny, Scottish chairman of the company, Mr. William Ross declared “Lang may its lum reek,” which translated means “long may its chimney smoke.” While the thought of air pollution may cause us to turn up our noses today, the reference was to one of the main parts in the distilling process—the drying of malted barley using wood smoke. (see box: What is Malt?)

The making of whiskey requires the freshly distilled brew to be stored for a number of years in oak barrels to improve its quality. Australian drinkers had to wait patiently for another five years (1934) before the first batch of whiskey produced at the distillery was released on the market. In the meantime, to start bring-ing in a return, the distillery produced Burnett’s Dry Gin, going on sale in early December 1929. While advertisements claimed that ‘experts could not distinguish the British made Burnett’s gin from the new Corio-made product,’ the liquor proved to be of questionable character.

Meanwhile whiskey production was in full swing, with total production reaching a

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staggering 500,000 gallons (2.2 million litres) a year. Management claimed that the new distillery was the mainstay of the entire Australian barley industry, and would soon control two-thirds of the Australian whiskey market.

When finally released for sale how did consumers describe the taste? To put it bluntly, “as rough as guts!” Despite claiming to win awards and trophies at various whiskey shows (the competition must have been even worse!), local Geelong residents gave it the nickname “COR-10,” a reference to a brand of petrol of that name produced at the Commonwealth Oil Refineries. Management was instructed from head office to "make whisky no better than the worst in Scotland." This edict was followed religiously. In its heyday, a ‘Corio and Coke’ was one of the cheapest shouts around.

Still, demand was high. By 1954 the distillery had produced 12 million gallons of whiskey and 5 million gallons of gin. In 1956 rebranding the product to “5 Star Whiskey” hoped to improve its image, but with little success. On its closure in 1980, few lamented the demise of the Geelong drink.

The premises at North Shore was taken over briefly by the BAY-FM radio station before it moved in with K-ROCK in the city centre. The facility is now owned by Cheetham Salt who use it for storage. There are currently 18 other active whiskey distilleries operating within Australia.

Now located in the playground on the corner of Melbourne Rd and St Georges Rd in Norlane, this 2000 gallon steam jacket copper pot still was one of the original units imported from Scotland in 1928. It was used to make Corio Whisky until 1949 when it was replaced.

What is Malt?

Malt is germinated cereal grains (most commonly barley) that have been dried. The grains are made to germinate by soaking in water, and are then halted from germinating further by drying with hot air (or smoke, which adds flavour to the end product– whiskey). The malting process develops the enzymes required to modify the grain's starches into sugars which, when fed to yeast, produces alcohol.

Most commonly, malted grain is used to make beer and whisky. But malt is also one of the main ingredients in malted shakes, malt vinegar, and confectionary such as Maltesers and Whoppers. Flavoured drinks such as Ovaltine and Milo, and some baked goods, such as malt loaf, bagels and rich tea biscuits also contain malt.

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“Cactus” - useless/broken

“Cark it” - to die

“Chewy” – chewing gum

“Cobber” – friend

“Come a cropper” - to fall heavily

“Chook” – domestic fowl

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“Do your lolly” - to get very angry

“Darwin stubby” - 22 litre bottle of beer

“Dob in” - to betray, or tell on someone

“Drongo” - stupid person

“Dead head” - a stupid person

“Dead set” - to be certain

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(Continued from the March issue of the Jillong Pocket)

Joseph Tice Gellibrand was one of the prime movers in the push for a white colony in the Port Phillip District. On January 31, 1836 he arrived at the settlement which would soon be given the name Melbourne, and met up with recently pardoned William Buckley.

Taking Buckley into his charge Gellibrand explained to him the role the Port Phillip Association wanted him to play. It took on three parts: First, to become the Superin-tendent over the ‘Native Tribes,’ protecting them from any aggression on the part of white settlers (acknowledged as a major failing in Van Diemen’s Land—Tasmania, which led to the genocide of all aborigines on that island). Second, to act as interpreter between white authorities and the local aboriginal inhabitants, informing them of how the white settlement would proceed, but more specifically to impart religious instruction to them. The third role William Buckley was asked to fulfil was to act as local guide during the on-going exploration of the district. Buckley agreed to these terms (initially), reassuring Gellibrand that the local aboriginals were mostly of a peaceful nature, and that they were looking forward to the further distribution of food, blankets and ‘Tommy’ hawks (small axes).

After hiring a cart from John Fawkner the two men travelled overland toward Indented Head. After Gellibrand inspected his own allotted land, they crossed the Exe (Werribee) River, passed by Geelong Harbour, and entered the hills on the Bellarine Peninsula. Gellibrand described what he saw:

“The Ballarine (sic) Hills contain about twenty thousand acres of Land of the finest description… The Land is thinly timbered; the Soil appeared very rich and fit for any purpose. The Kangaroo grass was up to my middle and with a thick bottom. It is as fine a tract of land as any I have yet passed over.”

Gellibrand and Buckley arrived at the first settlement at Indented Head (St Leonards today) to discover that the local aboriginals had been ordered to leave the area or risk being shot by the man left in charge (un-named, but probably William Todd). The aboriginals had stolen about a sack-worth of potatoes by lifting the potato plants out of the ground in the vegetable garden, removing the tubers, and replacing the plants, hoping that the white men would not notice.

Disappointed not to have found aboriginals there, Gellibrand and Buckley left the

Joseph Tice Gellibrand

State Library of NSW

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camp the following day to search for them. Buckley led Gellibrand to his own family, having married into the local tribe of aborigines decades earlier. His wife and some local children greeted Gellibrand warmly, although they had never seen horses before, and needed some reassuring that the big animals would not hurt them.

Gellibrand and Buckley then continued their exploration of the Geelong area. Starting at the mouth of the Barwon River (Barwon Heads) they followed the course of the river upstream, past Lake Connewarre and the Reedy Lakes area, and on to the Barwon and Moorabool valleys. They then returned to Melbourne via the Anakie Hills before Gellibrand took a boat back to Van Diemen’s Land.

By this time the members of the Port Phillip Association had taken possession of their allotted land, with one notable exception—John Sinclair, who had been granted the whole of Indented Head (i.e. the whole Bellarine Peninsula). Sinclair was originally from Launceston where he had served as an overseer of convicts, and the superintendent of the Engineer’s Depot. Finally, in February 1837 he arrived at Geelong on the brig Henry, along with Gellibrand, and Gellibrand’s friend, George Hesse.

The three had determined to explore further up the Barwon River, before turning back towards Werribee and Melbourne. However, when they arrived at Geelong the tide was out, so passengers, animals, and other cargo had to disembark at Point Henry, due to the sand bar that ran across the bay to Point Lillias. About 400m from the ship, Sinclair fell from his horse seriously injuring himself. He was carried back on-board the Henry, unable to continue.* The accident saved his life, since Gellibrand and Hesse decided to continue without him, and were never seen or heard from again. Despite an extensive search by other settlers, eventually it was concluded that they were killed by hostile aborigines somewhere near modern-day Colac.

Next month the story continues with the arrival of David Fisher and the Derwent Company. . . (story with help from Ian Wynd’s book Balla-wein)

Immigrants arriving at Point Henry in 1853, having to wade ashore and walk or ride to Geelong due to the sand bar

blocking access to Geelong harbour at low tide.

Geelong Heritage Centre photo

*Sinclair never did take up his allotment on the Bellarine Peninsula. Rather, he established his prosperous sheep farm at Mt. Ridley, near modern day Craigieburn, north of Melbourne.

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Healthy choices now lead to good health in the future.

Good nutrition is essential for the body and all its systems to function optimally for a lifetime. In fact, good nutrition not only supports physical health but contributes to sound mental health as well. A healthy diet provides energy, promotes good sleep, helps regulate hormones and much more. When you examine all the benefits of good nutrition, you quickly realize that making healthy food choices results in a much better lifestyle. Here are a few examples:

The Heart The heart is the essential core of our bodies. Heart healthy eating involves avoiding foods high in unsaturated fats and cholesterol that can lead to heart diseases and possible failure later in life. Certain foods do increase the risk for heart disease—directly linked to unsaturated fats and cholesterols. By avoiding foods that contain these heart unhealthy substances, we can be assured our heart will function properly for years to come.

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Bones While the heart keeps it all running, our bones keep it all together. Healthy bones are necessary throughout our life and become more important as we age. Consuming enough calcium to maintain and promote bone health is essential for healthy bones. We can avoid many bone conditions that may develop later in life by providing our bodies with enough calcium in our diet. Dairy products, figs, rhubarb and dates are high in calcium.

Energy Though many benefits of good nutrition today may not be realized until later in life, one benefit we can see daily is in our energy level. Fats are slow to digest, and thus don't provide our body with a steady source. Sugary foods can create fluctuations in blood sugar levels, causing us to feel tired very shortly after eating. By eating a healthy diet, we maintain our energy levels at a constant throughout the day and the result is simply feeling better.

Anyone can start enjoying the benefit of good nutrition by changing one eating habit a week. Cut down on foods high in fat and begin replacing them with whole grain foods, low fat foods, and fresh fruit and vegeta-bles. You’ll be reaping the benefits of good nutrition before you know it!

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During the Second World War which ravaged Europe, Anne, along with her family, hid for two years from the Nazis who were trying to exterminate all Jews from their occupied territories. While in hiding she wrote a diary, which became famous for its insights into a young girls perspective of the war and the fear her family was forced to endure.

Born Annelies Marie Frank on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany, to Otto and Edith Frank, the family was of typical upper middle-class German-Jewish background living in a quiet, religiously diverse neighbourhood. Anne also had a sister named Margot, three years her senior.

During the late 1920s and early 1930s, the National German Socialist Workers Party (Nazi Party) led by Adolph Hitler made it very clear they hated the Jews (anti-Semitic). When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany on January 20, 1933, the Frank family immediately realized that it was time to flee. Moving to Amsterdam in the Netherlands, in the fall of 1933 Otto became the managing director of the Dutch Opekta Company, which manufactures products used in making jam. Anne Frank started school in 1934, and throughout the rest of the 1930’s she lived a relatively happy and normal childhood.

Then on September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland, igniting the global conflict that developed into World War II. On May 10, 1940, the German army entered the Netherlands, defeating Dutch forces after just a few days of fighting. The Dutch surrendered on May 15, 1940, marking the beginning of the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. All Jews were forced to wear armbands with the Star of David symbol. Any freedoms initially permitted were gradually taken away from them. With the establishment of Nazi ‘work camps’ (concentration and extermination camps) a dread came over the Jewish population.

For her 13th birthday (June 12, 1942) Anne received a book she had shown her father in a shop window only a few days earlier. Although it was an autograph book, bound with red-and-white checkered cloth and with a small lock on the front, Anne decided she would use it as a diary, and began writing in it almost immediately. In an entry dated June 20, 1942, Anne lists many of the restrictions that had by then been placed upon the lives of the Dutch Jewish population, along with the death of her grandmother earlier in the year.

The following month (July 1942), Anne’s older sister, Margot, received a call-up notice ordering her to report for relocation to a ‘work camp.’ Ignoring the order, on the morning of July 6, 1942, the family moved into their hiding place, a secret

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annex. Their apartment was left in a state of disarray to create the impres-sion that they had left suddenly. Otto Frank left a note that hinted they were going to Switzerland. Some of his most trusted employees agreed to help conceal them, while supplying them with provisions.

On July 13, the Franks were joined by the van Pels family: Hermann, Auguste and 16-year-old Peter, and then later, in November, by Fritz Pfeffer. Anne wrote of her pleasure at having new people to talk to, although tensions often surfaced within the group, being forced to live in such confined conditions.

Anne aspired to become a journalist, writing in her diary on April 5, 1944: “I finally realized that I must do my school work to keep from being ignorant, to get on in life, to become a journalist, because that’s what I want! I know I can write, but it remains to be seen whether I really have talent…” She continued writing regularly until her final entry of August 1, 1944.

On August 4, 1944, a German secret police officer accompa-nied by four Dutch Nazis stormed into the Secret Annex and arrested everyone hiding there. They had been betrayed by an anonymous tip, the identity of their betrayer remaining unknown. They were eventually transferred to the Auschwitz death camp in Poland on September 3, 1944. Upon arrival at Auschwitz, the men and women were separated—it was the last time Otto Frank ever saw his wife or daughters.

On October 28, women were chosen to be relocated to the Bergen-Belsen camp. More than 8,000 women, including Anne and Margot were transported there, but their mother Edith was left behind, later dying from starvation at Auschwitz.

In March 1945, a typhus* epidemic spread through Anne’s camp and killed approximately 17,000 prisoners. Sick Margot fell from her bunk and was killed by the shock. A few days later, Anne also died. Anne and Margot were buried in a mass grave, the exact whereabouts of which is unknown. Anne’s sad end at the hands of a brutal regime was tragic, but her diary provides an enduring testimony which will hopefully help deter future generations from repeating the horrific events of World War II.

"I see the world being slowly transformed into a wilderness; I hear the approaching thunder that, one day, will destroy us too. I feel the suffering of millions. And yet, when I look up at the sky, I somehow feel that everything will change for the better, that this cruelty too shall end, that peace and tranquillity will return once more." —Anne Frank July 15, 1944

*Typhus is a bacterial disease spread from person to person by lice or fleas. Typhus has also been called camp fever, jail fever, and war fever, names that suggest overcrowding, under-washing, and lowered standards of living.

The house in Amsterdam where the Franks hid.

(in the middle of the picture)

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Chickenpox is a common illness among kids, particularly among those under age 12.

Symptoms Chickenpox often starts with a fever, headache, sore throat, or stomach-ache. These symptoms may last for a few days, with fever in the 38°-39°C range. The illness causes a red, itchy skin rash that usually appears first on the abdomen or back and face, and then spreads to almost everywhere else on the body, including the scalp, mouth, arms, legs, and genitals. They appear in crops over 2 to 4 days and devel-op into thin-walled blisters filled with fluid. The blister walls break, leaving open sores, which finally crust over to become dry, brown scabs. The rash is very itchy. Young kids tend to have a mild illness with fewer blisters than older children or adults.

Contagiousness Chickenpox is very contagious. The chickenpox virus spreads both through the air (by coughing and sneezing), and by direct contact with mucus, saliva, or fluid from blisters. Chickenpox is contagious from about 2 days before the rash appears until all the blisters are crusted over. Most kids with a sibling who's been infected will get it as well (if they haven't already had the disease or the vaccine), showing symptoms about 2 weeks after the first child does. To help keep it from spreading, make sure your kids wash their hands frequently, particularly before eating and after using the bathroom. And keep a child with chickenpox away from unvaccinated siblings as much as possible.

A child with chickenpox should be kept out of school until all blisters have dried, usually about 1 week. If you're unsure about whether your child is ready to return to school, ask your doctor.

Certain groups of people are more at risk of complications from chickenpox, and should avoid others who have it. If a pregnant woman who hasn't had chicken-pox in the past contracts it (especially in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy), the fetus is at risk of birth defects and the mother is at risk of more health complications than if she'd been infected when she wasn't pregnant. If she develops chickenpox just before or after the child is born, the newborn is at risk of serious health complications.

If a pregnant woman has had chickenpox before the pregnancy, the baby will be

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protected from infection for the first few months of life, since the mother's immunity gets passed on to the baby through the placenta and breast milk.

Treating Chickenpox

As the old saying goes: Prevention is better then cure. Kids can be protected by getting the chickenpox (varicella) vaccine. The vaccine significantly reduc-es the chances of getting the disease. Vaccinated kids who do get chickenpox tend to have milder cases and quicker recoveries compared to those who contract the virus and have not been immunized.

The chickenpox vaccine is 99% effective at preventing the infection in kids. Doctors recommend that kids receive the chickenpox vaccine twice — when they're 12 to 15 months old, with a booster shot at 4 to 6 years old. People 13 years of age and older who have never had chickenpox or haven't gotten the vaccine should receive two doses of the vaccine at least 28 days apart.

Once a child becomes infected he should stay home and rest until the rash is gone. Cool baths or calamine lotion may help to manage the itching. Since a virus causes chickenpox, doctors won't prescribe antibiotics to treat it. However, antibiotics may be required if the sores become infected by bacteria. This is pretty common among kids because they often scratch and pick at the blisters.

Shingles Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk of developing a condition called shingles. That's because after an initial infection, the virus remains inactive in nerve cells near the spinal cord and can reactivate many years later. Shingles can cause tingling, itching, or pain in one area of the body, followed by a rash with red bumps and blisters. Fortunately, this is a rare occurrence in kids who have healthy immune systems, but can be very painful for adults.

Call your doctor if you think your child has chickenpox and you have a question, or are concerned about a possible complication, including child that:

has fever that lasts for more than 4 days or rises above 38.8°C

has a severe cough or trouble breathing

has an area of rash that leaks pus (thick, yellowish fluid) or becomes red, warm, swollen, or sore

has a severe headache

is unusually drowsy or has trouble waking up

has trouble looking at bright lights

has difficulty walking

seems confused

seems very ill or is vomiting

has a stiff neck

If you take your child to the doctor, let the office know in advance that your child might have chickenpox. It's important to avoid exposing other kids to the virus.

Shingles

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The Great Barrier Reef stretches 2,300 kilometers along the Queensland coast, from Bramble Cay in Torres Strait, near Papua New Guinea in the north, to the unnamed passage between Lady Elliot Island and Fraser Island in the south. It includes over 2,900 reefs, and around 940 islands and cays. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is 345,000 square kilometer’s in size, five times the size of Tasmania or larger that the United Kingdom and Ireland combined!

The reef is immensely diverse. It is home to more than 1,500 species of fish, 411 types of hard coral, one-third of the world’s soft corals, 134 species of sharks and rays, six of the world’s seven species of threatened marine turtles, and more than 30 species of marine mammals, including the vulnerable dugong. Add to that as many as 3,000 mollusks and thousands of different sponges, worms and crustaceans, 630 species of echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins) and 215 bird species, of which

22 are seabirds.

The Great Barrier Reef is listed under all four natural World Heritage criteria for its outstanding universal value. Protecting the reef has benefits beyond conservation - it is also an investment in the continued security of coastal communities and provides signifi-cant benefits to the Australian economy. Reef indus-tries, such as tourism and fishing, which contribute approximately $5.4 billion annually to the Australian

25

economy and employ about 63,000 people, are reliant on a healthy environment.

Historically, the Great Barrier Reef was regarded as a well protected, pristine wonderland – a safe haven for delicate corals and abundant fish. But as scientists came to understand more about its complexities, a different picture emerged.

Climate change, pollution, crown-of-thorns starfish and fishing are the primary threats to the health of this reef system. Other threats include shipping accidents, oil spills, and tropical cyclones. Skeletal Eroding Band, a disease of bony corals caused by the protozoan Halofolliculina corallasia, affects 31 coral species. According to a 2012 study by the National Academy of Science, since 1985, the Great Barrier Reef has lost more than half of its corals with two-thirds of the loss occurring since 1998.

The Great Barrier Reef contains:

1,500 species of fish

411 types of hard coral

one-third of the world’s soft corals

134 species of sharks and rays

6 of the world’s 7 species of threatened marine turtles

more than 30 species of marine mammals, including the vulnerable dugong.

The Great Barrier Reef is one of the seven wonders of the natural world, and viewing it from a great-er distance, you can understand why. It is larger than the Great Wall of China and the only living thing on earth visible from space.

Tourism on the Great Barrier Reef A variety of boat tours and cruises are offered, from single day trips, to longer voyages. Boat sizes range from dinghies to super-yachts. Glass-bottomed boats and underwater observatories are also popular, as are helicopter flights. By far, the most popular tourist activities on the Great Barrier Reef are snorkelling and diving, for which pontoons are often used, and the area is often enclosed by nets. The outer part of the Great Barrier Reef is favoured for such activities, due to water quality.

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Hugh Michael Jackman was born on October 12, 1968, in Sydney. The year before his birth, his English parents Chris and Grace Jackman, had immigrated to Australia. However, the shift to Australia was not a happy one for Grace, who left the family and returned to England. Hugh and his four older siblings were raised by their father, a devout Christian who administered firm discipline.

Hugh first went to primary school at Pymble Public School in Sydney and then later attended the high-achieving all-boys school, Knox Grammar. There he became a school captain, and excelled in sports and drama (he starred in the school's production of the musical My Fair Lady in 1985).

After receiving his B.A. degree in Communications and Journalism at Sydney’s University of Technology, Jackman switched to acting in 1991, turning down a role on the Australian soap opera Neighbours, to study at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts in Perth from which he graduated in 1994.

During those early years Jackman made money working as a clown at children’s parties. He also worked in restaurants and petrol stations, before receiving his first television break in 1995, in Correlli, an Australian prison drama. While Hugh played the role of violent and manipulative prison inmate, the role of prison counselor was played by actress Deborah-lee Furness. The two became very close and married on April 11, 1996; Hugh was 27 while Furness was then 40.

Jackman’s acting skills helped him win a recurring role the following year in another television series, Snowy River: The McGregor Saga. His relaxed and natural presence was quickly noticed by many in the film and theatre industries, leading to hosting duties during many award ceremonies, starting with the 1997 Australian Film Institute Awards and including the Academy Awards in 2009.

While his television career was blossoming, Hugh always made time for the theatre. In 1996, Jackman was cast in a Melbourne production of Walt Disney’s Beauty and the Beast, playing the supporting part of macho villain, Gaston. The tall and muscular Jackman – complete with appropriate pomp and swagger – was a standout.

Jackman followed up by playing hack screenwriter Joe Gillis in Sunset Boulevard. This role won him a Variety Club award for Musical Theater Performer of the Year and a Mo for Musical Theater Performer of the Year in 1997.

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Following his successful stage performances, Jackman made a move to the wide screen in 1999 with his film debut in the little-seen Australian production Erskinville Kings (1999). He soon reached a much wider audience with his starring role in Paperback Hero (1999), where Jackman portrayed an outback trucker who writes a sappy romance novel in his spare time and submits it to a publisher under a female pseudonym.

Months later, Jackman broke into the big time, when Scottish actor Dougray Scott backed out of his role as the Logan /Wolverine character in the first X-Men movie. Jackman was selected as a last-minute replacement that would ultimately make him a world-wide star. He has since made 3 sequel movies as Wolverine, and another is planned in the near future.

Meanwhile, in their private lives, Hugh and wife Deborah-lee had decided to start a family by adopting a child. Their son Oscar was born on May 15, 2000; to be followed with an adopted daughter, Ava, on July 10, 2005.

From the year 2001 until the present Hugh Jackman has gone from strength to strength in his career. Apart from the X-men series, successful movies include Someone Like You (2001), Swordfish (2001), Kate & Leopold (2001), The Prestige (2006), The Fountain (2006), Happy Feet (2006), Australia (2008) and Deception (2008). More recently he starred in a film version of the musical Les Miserables, his role as Jean Valjean earning him an Oscar nomination.

Off screen, Jackman was listed as one of People magazine’s 50 Most Beautiful People in the World for five years in a row, from 2000 through 2004. In 2008 he was declared the “Sexiest Man Alive,” a title few women complain about!

In addition to movie roles Jackman continued to work in the theatre. In 2003 he starred as Peter Allen in The Boy From Oz, based on the life of the flamboyant showman who died of AIDS-related cancer in 1992. Jackman received a highly coveted Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical, and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical in 2004. He also performed in the musical throughout Australia in 2006. Jackman will return to the theatre during the 2013/2014 season as the lead in the play Houdini.

While proud of his Australian heritage, and pleased with his success, Hugh and his wife have helped raise millions of dollars for charity, as well as donated much of their own wealth to the less fortunate.

Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean in the hit movie Les Miserables.

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serves 4 Ingredients

500 g (1 lb) lean minced beef

1 large onion, chopped

1 clove garlic, crushed (optional)

1 tablespoon curry powder

1/4 teaspoon ground ginger

1/4 teaspoon ground cumin

1 dessert apple, peeled and grated

2 tablespoons sultanas or seedless raisins

300 g (10 oz) can condensed beef consommé

salt and freshly ground black pepper

100 g (4 oz) mushrooms, quartered

Method

1 Place the beef, onion and garlic in a saucepan and fry over moderate

heat until the beef is well browned, stirring constantly to break up

lumps.

2 Stir in the spices and cook for 2 minutes, then stir in the apple,

sultanas and the beef consommé. Season to taste with salt and pepper.

3 Bring to the boil, then simmer gently for 5 minutes.

4 Stir in the mushrooms and simmer a further 10 minutes. Taste and

adjust seasoning. Serve at once.

Curry powder is made from many different

spices, including allspice, cardamom, chilli, cumin, saffron and turmeric. It is available in various

strengths, from mild to very hot, so be sure to

check the label carefully.

Recipe from: www.cookitsimply.com

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SPORTS

ARCHERY

BADMINTON

BASEBALL

BASKETBALL

BOWLING

BOXING

CRICKET

CURLING

CYCLING

DARTS

DIVING

EQUESTRIAN

FENCING

FISHING

FOOTBALL

GOLF

GRIDIRON

GYMNASTICS

ICE HOCKEY

JUDO

KARATE

LACROSSE

LAWN BOWLS

NETBALL

ROWING

RUGBY

SAILING

SKIING

SNOOKER

SOCCER

SOFTBALL

SQUASH

SURFING

SWIMMING

TABLE TENNIS

TENNIS

VOLLEYBALL

WATERPOLO

WEIGHTLIFTING

WRESTLING

W S O C C E R E V T I G L L G O K G

S F V U T E S A O L N L G I N S N C

I T O A K Q Q K L I A G Y G I I L B

G G R O U S J U L B K A M N L M L O

G A O A T U V R E A O U N I T A L W

K N S L D B U S Y S R E A X S L O L

S H I O F C A W B K T S S O E L M I

I G B V F B S L A E X R T B R A N N

G E G N I T F I L T H G I E W B O G

N R C B C D B B L B E B C A B T R N

I W D K E A A A S A T R S O N E I I

L G O N H T R A L L C W P I R N D F

C S L W O B N W A L I R M O C N I R

Y A A R C H E R Y M I D O V L N R U

C R I C K E T O M F A L I S L O G S

I W M T E N N I S B G N I H S I F D

R U G B Y G N I C N E F B T I E N E

R O W I N G N I I K S O I A T B N L

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Tasmanian Devil Tasmanian devils were once widespread and found over much of mainland Australia, but are now only found in Tasmania. This is most probably as a result of the introduction of the dingo, which never reached Tasmania.

Devils were considered a nuisance by early European settlers of Hobart Town, who complained of raids on poultry yards. In 1830 the Van Diemen’s Land Co. introduced a bounty scheme to remove devils, as well as Tasmanian tigers and wild dogs, from their properties: 2/6 (25c) for male devils and 3/6 (35c) for females. For more than a century, devils were trapped and poisoned. They became very rare, seemingly headed for extinction. But the population gradually increased after bounties were removed, and laws were passed to ensure their survival. The main threat to the survival of the Tasmanian Devil today is the Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD). This infectious, spreading cancer has been associated with population numbers plummeting up to 90% since first reported. Many resources are being used to try to determine the cause of this disease and create a large population of healthy Tasmanian Devils which in the long term can be used to repopulate the whole island of Tasmania. Size: The typical male Tasmanian devil grows to a total length of around 90cm including the tail and whiskers. Male devils can weigh over 8kg. Females rarely exceed 80cm in length and 6kg in weight.

Diet: Despite its formidable reputation, most of the devil’s diet is carrion (animals that are already dead). They have an exceptionally acute sense of smell enabling the animals to locate dead food items from many kilometer's away. The jaws of a Tasmanian Devil are extremely powerful and can break even the largest bones, all of which are eaten. Less often, small animals are attacked and eaten.

Currently it is estimated that there are between 20,000—50,000 mature devils in the wild, down from about 150,000 in the mid-1990’s. As a result of DFTD they remain listed as ‘endangered,’ and are fully protected by law.

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About this brochure: This brochure has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this brochure, or suggestions for future issues please write to: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre.

Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000

Geelong– 150 years ago this month

“About six o'clock yesterday a little girl, named Patten, was

sent to the Barwon, near the Orphan Asylum, for water. Her

foot slipping she let go the tin can, and in an effort to regain the

same, fell into the water and was drowned. A lady near, who

saw the occurrence, informed the poor girl's father, who threw

off his hat, ran to her rescue, and plunged into the water, which

was the last seen of the poor man alive. After a time both

bodies were recovered, and now lay together in one bed

awaiting an inquest. Patten being much respected at New

Town, this truly heartrending accident has caused quite a

gloom amongst the neighbourhood.

About nine o'clock yesterday morning as a milk cart, driven by

a woman, was coming into town from the Barrabool Hills, the

horse took fright and ran away at full speed, making direct for

the River Barwon, into which he ran with the cart containing

the woman. Luckily Mr Collins, solicitor, was passing at the

time, and rushing after the horse

succeeded in rescuing the woman

from drowning, a fate which the

cause of the accident, viz, the horse,

met. The cart lies sunk in the river.”

(Bendigo Advertiser Thursday, April

9, 1863 p.2 )

The Jillong Pocket is available online. Go to www.workskil.com.au and select the “Community Programs” tab.

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Moorabool Street—Looking up the hill from near Cunningham Pier Although simply a photograph of a typical Geelong street, the picture above highlights the importance of Geelong’s harbour 120 years ago, with workers starting their trek home at the end of the day, and a row of Hansom cabs (taxis) lined up ready for hire. The wool stores in the background were well established, driving Geelong’s prosperity forward after Victoria’s gold rush lost its momentum. The photograph below is more likely to be taken by curious tourists soaking up the sunshine (and historical significance) of Geelong’s waterfront.

c.1890