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A second climatesmart agriculturalrevolution in theAndes for the 21st century

Graham Thiele, Alex Chepstow-Lusty, Michael Frogley, Stef de Haan, Henry Juarez, Jürgen Kroschel and Bettina Heider

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018


Climate-smart agriculture (CSA)

Agricultural practices that sustainably increase productivity and system resilience while reducing greenhouse gas emissions


Andean agricultural system: vertical integration


Cuzco

Road network

Technology complex: information, transport and storage

Inca: maize tribute economy

Grain stores- Ollantaytambo


Potato

• Food security – local population

• 70% water = 3x llamas/storage spaces

• Solidarity in “kinship” economy: papa de regalo

Llumchuy Waqachi

Makes the daughter-in-law cry


First climate-smart agricultural revolution


Global warming in the Middle Ages

(Chepstow y Winfield, 2000)


Why Marcacocha?

To Amazon Capac Ñan

12 KM toOllantaytambo

Filled lakeof Marcacocha,

3350 MASLValuedPasture

Patacanchariver

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018Pollen register Marcacocha: 4200 years

Chepstow-Lusty et al. (2003)J. Quat. Sci. 18, 491-502

Aliso - Alnusfirewood, watershed protection

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018Macrocharcoal(> 125 microns/cm3)

Chepstow-Lusty et al., in progress)

+ Datos de M. LengC/N data

Less fire (& CO2) during Inca period


δ15N hard band

• Revolutionary change in agricultural practices in the 12th Century with a hard band of sedimentation

• Probably erosion linked to building of terraces and temporary slope instability

Data from D. Hodell, University of Cambridge


Medieval global warming: summary

• Maize

• expands at mid elevations (up to 3400m)

• massive construction terraces and agro-forestry stabilizes hillsides, reduces CO2 emissions

• Potato

• displaced higher altitudes

• linked with local food security and gift economy


Recent global warming

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018Qoyllur Riti, glacier near Cuzco

c. 1930 by Martin Chambi April 2009 by Paolo Greer


Average altitude of native potatoes

Bitter

260m - 50 years

Floury

297m - 50 years

Bitter


✓60% of additional control costs are for producers ofnative potatoes 3,000+ m

Giraldo, D., Juarez, H., Pérez, W., Trebejo, I., Yzarra, W. and Forbes, G. (2010) Severity of potato late blight (Phytophthora

infestans) in agricultural areas of Peru associated with climate change. Revista Peruana Geo-Atmosférica (2):56-67.

Effect on late blight


Agroforestry

Cutting aliso (Alnus acuminata) by Patacancha river – reduced watershed protection


Climate smart agriculture in the Andes


Participatory selection of varieties in Patacancha


Puka Lliclla

• ‘Red cape’ - which women wear in Cuzco

• Resistant to late blight

10% área - Paucartambo


Choquebamba terraces• Valley of Patacancha, near Ollantaytambo, 6 km of Pumamarca canal

• Restoration of irrigation channels and terraces in collaboration with local communities

(Cusichaca Trust, 1997)


Mobilizing communities to plant Polylepis, Alnus and other native species: Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos (ECOAN)


A second climate-smart agricultural revolution!

• Learn from first revolution!

• Massive institutional change: virtual green terrace around the Andes• Incentives for agroecological service provision• Enhanced public awareness, willingness to pay

• Nutritious, healthy and resilient food value chains

• Real-time agrobiodiversity monitoring

• Adaptation of sustainable pest and disease management technologies including varieties

• Conservation agriculture – tillage, agroforestry• Improved soil, water and slope management

• Citizen science driven innovation for climate smart agriculture


Thank you

a second climate - amazon web services€¦ · a second climate smart agricultural revolution in...

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