in-situ characterization and diagnostics of mechanical ... · in-situ characterization and...
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![Page 1: In-situ characterization and diagnostics of mechanical ... · In-situ characterization and diagnostics of mechanical ... Annual Merit Review 2011 ... In-situ characterization and](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020413/5b394f647f8b9a40428e68cd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
In-situ characterization and diagnostics of mechanical degradation in electrodes
PI: Claus Daniel
Oak Ridge National LaboratoryContributors and Collaborators:UTK: Kevin RhodesORNL: Melanie Kirkham, Robbie Meisner, Andrew Payzant, Chad Perish, Sergiy Kalnaus, Nancy Dudney, Zhili Feng, Xun-Li Wang, Ke An, David WoodANL: Daniel AbrahamGeneral Motors: Steve Harris, Yan WuDow Kokam: Maneesh Bahadur, Erin O’Driscoll
March 10, 2011
Project ID #ES039
This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential,
or otherwise restricted information
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2 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Overview
Timeline• Start: August 2009• End: September 2012• 60% complete
Budget• Funding FY10
– $300K
• Funding FY11– $300K
Barriers • Poor cycle life
Goals• Cycle life: 5000 cycles • Calendar life: 15 years
Partners• Argonne National Laboratory• General Motors• Dow Kokam
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3 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Objectives
• Development of in-situ tool to characterize mechanical degradation (crack initiation, crack growth, particle fracturing, particle loosening) during cycling.
• In-situ characterization of phase transformations, stress and strain, and texture in electrochemically cycling materials
• Understanding of accumulation of defects and resulting mechanical degradation. Opportunity to develop a real life time prediction for different materials.
• True quantification of mechanical degradation
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4 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Milestones FY2010/11Month/Year Milestone or Go/No-Go Decision
Oct 09 Acoustic emission detection and classification of events in coin cell samples based on signal signature.
Apr 10 In-situ studies combining acoustic emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Sept 10 Establishing combination with other methods such as neutron diffraction, x-ray diffraction
Sept 11 Understanding of physical evidence to acoustic emissions and degradation mechanisms in electrodes and link to phase transformation and cracking events – 80% complete
Sept 12 Development of life time prediction tools and ‘fatigue’ like models for materials behavior
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5 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Approach• Utilizing acoustic emissions
stemming from mechanical events to probe degradation
• Cells are cycled while acoustic emissions are recorded and analyzed
• In-situ cell with x-ray transparent window is used for phase, stress, strain, texture analysis in cells
• Neutron scattering has been performed on small and commercial 40Ah cells
Transient Elastic Wave
Waveform Signal to AE System
AE Sensor
Composite Electrode
Rhodes, Daniel, et al. JRevSciInstrum. ( b itt d)
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6 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Result of In Situ AE-XRD for NMC Electrode
Rhodes, Wu, Daniel, et al., JECS, (in review)
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7 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Result of In Situ AE-XRD for MNO Electrode
Rhodes, Daniel, et al., JECS, (in review)
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8 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Result of In Situ AE-XRD for MNO Electrode
Rhodes, Daniel, et al., JECS, (in review)
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9 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Result of In Situ AE-XRD for MNO Electrode
Rhodes, Daniel, et al., JECS, (in review)
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10 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Result of In Situ AE-XRD for MNO Electrode
Rhodes, Daniel, et al., JECS, (in review)
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11 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Result of In Situ AE-XRD for MNO Electrode
Rhodes, Daniel, et al., JECS, (in review)
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12 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
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13 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
CPC
CVC
CCD
OCV
OCV
Cu[111]Cu[200]Cu[220]Cu[311]
C [004]
[009]
CVD
C [112]
Phase transition
delit
hiat
ion
lith
iatio
n
Spallation Neutron SourceVulcan use for large scale cells
CVD-constant voltage discharge, CCD-constant current discharge, OCV open circuit voltageCVC-constant voltage charge, CPC-constant power charge
GraphiteLithiation
GraphiteDelithiation
Li(N
MC)
O2
(104
)
Li(N
MC)
O2
Del
ithi
atio
nLi
(NM
C)O
2Li
thia
tion
Li(N
MC)
O2
(102
)
Li(N
MC)
O2
(107
)
Li(N
MC)
O2
(108
)
Li(N
MC)
O2
(110
)
Li(N
MC)
O2
(113
)
Feng, Rhodes, Daniel, Wood, et al., JECS, (in review)
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14 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Collaborations
Partners• Argonne National Laboratory: Daniel Abraham• General Motors: Yan Wu, Steve Harris• Dow Kokam: Maneesh Bahadur, Erin O’Driscoll• High Temperature Materials Laboratory: Andrew Payzant,
Melanie Kirkham, Robbie Meisner• Shared Research Equipment and Collaborative User
Center: Chad Perish• University of Tennessee: Claus Daniel, Kevin Rhodes
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15 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Summary
• Development of in-situ combination characterization• Integration of acoustic emission with x-ray diffraction• Understanding of phase transformation, stress and strain
analysis• Widened included material beyond last year’s carbon and
silicon materials to NMC and MNO cathode materials• Investigation of overcharge capacity boost phenomenon in
NMC electrodes• Investigation of phase transformation behavior in MNO
high voltage electrodes
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16 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy DOE – Annual Merit Review 2011
Proposed Future Work
• Further study of high voltage cathodes• Intensify inclusion of ABR NCM material in concert with
other diagnostic partners in ABR program• Diagnostics coordination through Daniel Abraham• Minimization of capacity fading through mechanical
degradation• Life time understanding, predication, and “fatigue” theory
development