in from the cold · 2019-11-18 · iv. in from the cold 2010–2020 foreword there is now...

www.energyrating.gov.au

In From the ColdStrategies to increase the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia and New Zealand

2010–2020

C. Equipment Energy Efficiency Program : Achievements 2009/10

This document was prepared by Peter Brodribb (Expert Group), Rod King (Rod King Design Services) and Tony Fairclough (Thermatek) on behalf of Mark Ellis & Associates Pty Ltd for the E3Committee.

Published by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency on behalf of the Energy Efficiency Working Group of the Ministerial Council on Energy.

www.climatechange.gov.au

ISBN: 978-1-921299-99-5

© Commonwealth of Australia 2011

This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the:

Commonwealth Copyright AdministrationAttorney-General’s Department3-5 National CircuitBARTON ACT 2600

Email: [email protected]

or posted at:

http://www.ag.gov.au

Disclaimer

While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the content, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication

iii.In From the Cold 2010–2020

Acknowledgements

The E3 Committee would like to thank the

following participants from the commercial and

industrial refrigeration sectors and associated

industry bodies for their commitment and

contribution in time and effort in providing

advice through formal submissions, participation

in industry consultation meetings, provision of

industry data and general cooperation during the

development of the strategy:

— Foodstuffs (NZ) Ltd

— Franklins Supermarkets

— Green Cooling Association Inc

— Heatcraft Australia Pty Ltd

— Hoshizaki Lancer

— Institute of Refrigeration, Heating & Air

Conditioning Engineers of NZ (IRHACE)

— KAV Consulting

— Kingspan Insulated Panels Pty Ltd

— McAlpine Hussmann Ltd (NZ)

— Metcash Trading Ltd

— Minus 40 Pty Ltd

— Munters Pty Ltd

— Natural Refrigerants Support Group

— New Zealand Food & Grocery Council

— Oxford Cold Storage Company

— Progressive Enterprises Limited

— Refrigerated Transport Warehouse Association

— Refrigeration Air Conditioning Companies

Association (RACCA) NZ

— South Australia Department for Transport,

Energy & Infrastructure

— Skope Industries Ltd (NZ)

— Southern Hospitality Ltd (NZ)

— Swire Cold Storage

— Thermal Solutions Ltd (NZ)

— Thermo King Australasia

— Wellington Drive Technologies Ltd (NZ)

— Williams Refrigeration Australia

— Woolworths Ltd

— Ziehl-Abegg Australia Pty Ltd

— Advanced Refrigeration Technology Pty Ltd

— Airconditiong and Refrigeration Equipment

Manufacturers of Australia (AREMA)

— ALDI Stores

— Arneg NZ Ltd

— AUR - Foodworks

— Austral Refrigeration Pty Ltd

— Australian Hotels Association(ACT)

— Australian Institute of Refrigeration,

Airconditioning and Heating (AIRAH)

— Bitzer Australia Pty Ltd

— Carrier Transicold Australia

— Centre for Postharvest and Refrigeration

Research, Massey University (NZ)

— Climatemaster (NZ)

— Coca-Cola Amatil

— Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd

— Cowley Refrigeration Engineering (NZ)

— Ethnic Communities’ Council of NSW Inc

— Expanded Polystyrene Panel

Manufacturers Group

— Fan Manufacturers Association of Australia and

New Zealand

— Festive Ltd (NZ)

— Food Chain Intelligence

iv. In From the Cold 2010–2020

Foreword

There is now increasing international recognition that

energy efficiency policies and programs are among

the fastest cost-effective means of achieving energy

savings and greenhouse gas emissions reductions.

In Australia and New Zealand, it is estimated

that energy savings opportunities available in the

non-domestic refrigeration sector through energy

efficiency improvements could deliver savings on

the electricity bills of Australian and New Zealand

end-users of more than AUD $9.7 billion and

NZD $1.8 billion, respectively, from the date of

implementation to 2030. Associated greenhouse gas

emission reductions for Australia and New Zealand

would amount to 5 million tonnes and 1.7 million

tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents, respectively.

By any standards, these are tremendous benefits

capable of enhancing the sector’s competitiveness

in both countries, and also in assisting Australia

and New Zealand to honour their Kyoto Protocol

commitments.

In From the Cold has, therefore, been developed

by Australian and New Zealand Governments in

collaboration with the non-domestic refrigeration

industries of both countries, as a ten-year strategy

to capitalise on these opportunities. The strategy

is jointly funded by Australian and New Zealand

Governments as part of the Equipment Energy

Efficiency (E3) program of Australia’s National

Strategy on Energy Efficiency and as part of delivering

energy efficiency targets in New Zealand’s Energy

Efficiency and Conservation Strategy.

This strategy outlines a joint commitment to action

and signals a strong desire for the sector to set goals

and achieve measurable progress towards those

goals over the next ten years.

Initiatives to be implemented under the strategy

include setting minimum energy performance

standards for refrigeration equipment and voluntary

activities such as staged fitting of night blinds and

doors on refrigerated display cabinets, as well as

developing Codes of Practice and participating

in energy use benchmarking.

Potential benefits and outcomes of this strategy

for the sector include:

— developing a business culture in which energy

efficiency is viewed and treated as a tool for

delivering savings to improve company profits

and reduce prices of refrigerated products

— gaining a better understanding of energy use

within the sector in terms of how individual

companies or businesses are performing relative

to the sector (in average terms) and sector leaders.

— equipping sector participants to make wise

energy efficiency investment decisions that

prepare their businesses for rising energy prices

— sharing knowledge on proven energy efficiency

technologies and international best practice

in refrigeration

— sharing in the ’green credentials’ of the strategy.

It is worth noting that as the policy imperatives

for this Strategy may not be the same in form,

substance or magnitude in Australia and New

Zealand, it is anticipated that the broad policy

directions discussed in this Strategy may not

be prioritised or implemented in New Zealand

in their entirety, or simultaneously. However,

due consideration will be given to obligations

under the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition

Arrangement (TTMRA) to ensure that the two

national markets continue to be aligned in terms

of commercial and industrial refrigeration

equipment for purposes of trade.

Any initiative requiring regulation or legislation

will be rigorously analysed for potential cost and

benefit implications on the sector as a whole,

including consumers, manufacturers and suppliers,

through public consultations and Regulation Impact

Statements (RIS). These processes are overseen

by designated agencies such as Australia’s Office of

Best Practice Regulation (OBPR) and the Regulatory

Impact Assessment Team of New Zealand Treasury.

Decisions to regulate are then made separately by

Australian Governments (through the Ministerial

v.In From the Cold 2010–2020

Council on Energy or its successor) and the

New Zealand Cabinet.

On behalf of the Energy Efficiency Working

Group, I wish to acknowledge the support

and cooperation provided by industry in the

development of this strategy through their advice,

participation in workshops and provision of data

for benchmarking. We are very grateful for such

demonstrated commitment. Furthermore, I wish

to congratulate and thank those organisations who

have indicated their willingness to participate in

the implementation of the strategy through taking

advantage of opportunities to serve on working

groups and technical committees.

We look forward to working with you to achieve the

significant gains to be made in the energy efficiency

of non-domestic refrigeration and the benefits to

all stakeholders.

Thank you.

Alan Millis

Chair, Energy Efficiency Working Group

11 July 2011

vi. In From the Cold 2010–2020

vii.In From the Cold 2010–2020

Contents

Acknowledgements iii

Foreword iv

Executive Summary viii

Key Issues, Opportunities and Benefits 1

Background 5

Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Potential 8

Energy Efficiency Strategies and Policy Measures 10

Strategic approach to energy efficiency 10

New Zealand’s implementation of proposed measures 11

Recommendations to improve sub-sector efficiency 11

Supermarkets 11

Walk-in coolrooms 12

Process refrigeration and cold storage 13

Milk vats 14

Beverage cooling systems 15

Mobile refrigeration 15

Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines, Commercial Ice Makers and Ice Storage Bins 15

Refrigerant compressors 16

Fan motors 17

Good system design, installation and maintenance – Best practice in non-domestic refrigeration 17

Data collection 18

Strategy Implementation 19

References and Data Sources 22

Appendix A 23

Implementation Advisory Committee Terms of Reference 23

viii. In From the Cold 2010–2020

Executive Summary

Collectively, non-domestic refrigeration equipment

in Australia and New Zealand employed in the cold

food chain and in industrial refrigeration, uses a

considerable amount of energy. Consequently small

inefficiencies in individual components, systems and

pieces of equipment can, on a Trans-Tasman scale,

aggregate to produce significant energy waste and

associated greenhouse gas emissions.

In 2008 non-domestic refrigeration in Australia

consumed approximately 13,400 GWh and was

responsible for greenhouse gas emissions of 13.7 Mt

CO2-e; equivalent to 4% of GHG emissions from all

fuel combustion in Australia’s energy sector. In New

Zealand, non-domestic refrigeration accounted for

an estimated 2,900 GWh of electricity in 2008,

equivalent to 7% of the total electricity demand in

New Zealand for that year, producing 1.7 Mt CO2-e

or 6% of GHG emissions from all fuel combustion

in the energy sector.

The growing importance of climate change on the

political agenda of economies all around the world

has highlighted the potential for energy efficiency

to deliver substantial reductions in greenhouse gas

emissions at a lower cost than most other options

(IEA 2007).

In from the Cold is a ten-year strategy, jointly

developed by Australian and New Zealand

Governments, with the key aim of improving the

energy efficiency of equipment throughout the

entire non-domestic refrigeration sector. The

strategy outlines initiatives and measures that

target businesses using refrigeration, such as

primary producers, refrigerated warehouses and

supermarkets, through to components used in

refrigeration systems and refrigerated equipment.

The objective of the strategy is to stimulate improved

energy performance and the uptake of more energy-

efficient non-domestic refrigeration products, systems

and services. The strategy provides a coordinated

approach that recommends a number of voluntary

and mandatory measures. The strategy is expected

to facilitate market transformation over a ten

year period and deliver increased energy efficiency

in systems, components and refrigerants; market

development, deployment of emerging technologies

and eradication of market barriers.

The strategy is a trans-Tasman initiative that

offers compelling benefits for governments and

enterprises across the cold food chain. The key

motivations for adopting a national program in

Australia and New Zealand for non-domestic

refrigeration sectors are as follows:

— the sector is large – approximately equivalent to

the combined total of all residential lighting and

domestic refrigeration in both countries, which

have already been targeted by energy efficiency

policy measures over recent years

— national energy efficiency programs are among

the most cost-effective means of delivering

substantial reductions in greenhouse gas

emissions with greater certainty

— to honour international commitments and targets

under the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol

— the environmental footprint of the cold food

chain provides a key sustainability challenge

for global economies. There is compelling evidence

of substantial opportunities to reduce energy

consumption in the cold chain and non-domestic

refrigeration sectors in Australia and New Zealand,

providing large financial returns on investments

and savings in greenhouse gas emissions

— market transformation requires a proactive

strategic approach with policies designed to drive

change and assist in overcoming existing market

barriers, such as split incentives, and others that

prevent the optimal uptake of energy-efficient

technology and practices. The most efficient

outcome requires a range of targeted policies

designed to achieve specific aims (IEA 2008)

ix.In From the Cold 2010–2020

— In from the Cold aims to reduce annual

electricity consumption in Australia and New

Zealand from non-domestic refrigeration by

14% (3,300 GWh) in 2020, and cut annual

greenhouse gas emissions by 2.5 Mt CO2-e

— it is estimated that the program could deliver

more than AUD $9.7 billion in savings on

the electricity bills of Australian end-users

from the date of implementation to 2030 and

NZD $1.8 billion to New Zealand end-users.

An outline of Key Issues, Opportunities and

Benefits in the strategy illustrates what can be

done and the measurable benefits for each key

non-domestic refrigeration segment.

The strategy employs sectoral and horizontal

measures targeting supermarket chains, refrigerated

warehouses, refrigeration equipment and key energy

using components.

Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)

and High Efficiency Performance Standards (HEPS)

designed to improve the performance of equipment

and components (e.g. fans and compressors) on the

market will be developed where their benefits can

be shown to outweigh any additional costs.

A review of the MEPS and HEPS levels for

refrigerated display cabinets will take place with

input from existing registration data and working

group input. In addition a review to expand the

program to cover other types of cabinets and

refrigerated service cabinets will be undertaken.

Supermarket industry participants will collaborate

with Government to undertake a benchmarking

exercise in which participants will share confidential

data with Government and benefit from a set of

performance metrics designed to enable comparisons

of energy intensity across a range of similar facilities.

Working in collaboration with industry, specific

energy efficiency training and education will be

facilitated by governments to up-skill service

providers in best practice refrigeration knowledge

and techniques. Where it can be shown that the

market is not delivering effective information

sharing about products and opportunities for

new investments, information programs will

be jointly developed to reduce this problem.

The performance of the In from the Cold program

will be assessed commencing in 2013 and on a three

yearly basis thereafter.

An Implementation Adviory Committee will be

established and convened as and when required

to assist with implementation.

1. In From the Cold 2010–2020

Key Issues, Opportunities and BenefitsEq

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2.In From the Cold 2010–2020

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0%

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c re

frig

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ap

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ns.

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s ar

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l pri

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tan

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tan

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ds

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to

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an

d e

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he

use

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hig

h

per

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ance

pro

du

cts.

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rove

th

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ce

of c

omp

ress

ors

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lise

d in

n

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tic

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iger

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s w

hic

h m

igh

t n

ot o

ther

wis

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arra

nt

ind

ivid

ual

pol

icy

mea

sure

s.

Up

to

146

GW

h p

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nn

um

of

sav

ings

in A

ust

rali

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lan

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d

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ear

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e en

ergy

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gs f

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pon

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ch a

s co

mp

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ns

are

acco

un

ted

for

in a

ppl

icat

ion

sec

tors

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mot

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vel p

layi

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r co

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rs a

nd

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men

t su

ppl

iers

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anci

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ts t

o

end

-use

rs.

Fan

mot

ors

Fan

mot

ors

con

sum

e an

es

tim

ated

30

% o

f el

ectr

icit

y u

sed

in n

on-d

omes

tic

refr

iger

atio

n a

ppl

icat

ion

s.

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mot

ors

are

com

mon

ly

purc

has

ed o

n lo

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t ca

pita

l pr

ice

rath

er t

han

life

cycl

e co

st.

Set

Min

imu

m E

ner

gy

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form

ance

Sta

nd

ard

s (M

EP

S) a

nd

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h E

ffici

ency

P

erfo

rman

ce S

tan

dar

ds

(HE

PS)

.

Incr

ease

th

e u

pta

ke o

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ore

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cien

t fa

n m

otor

s in

new

equ

ipm

ent

and

wh

ere

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wit

h r

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cem

ent

com

pon

ents

.

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sure

s w

ith

fan

s ar

e es

tim

ated

to

del

iver

mor

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,00

0 G

Wh

per

an

nu

m

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ss n

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tic

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iger

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n a

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ion

s in

A

ust

rali

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nd

by

th

e en

d o

f th

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rate

gy,

dep

end

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on e

ffici

ency

le

vels

an

d t

imin

g.

A s

ign

ifica

nt

por

tion

of

fan

mot

ors

hav

e p

oten

tial

to

imp

rove

op

erat

ing

effi

cien

cies

by

mor

e th

an

50%

an

d im

pro

vem

ents

wil

l p

rovi

de

a n

et fi

nan

cial

ben

efit

to e

nd

-use

rs.

Min

imis

e th

e ri

sk o

f d

um

pin

g in

effi

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t fa

n m

otor

s in

A

ust

rali

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d N

ew Z

eala

nd

.


Background

The energy sector is the fastest growing contributor

to greenhouse gas emissions in Australia and New

Zealand, growing at an average of around 2% per annum

between 1990 and 2008 (CA 2009 and MED 2010a).

In Australia electricity generation accounted

for 37% of national greenhouse gas emissions in

2008. Greenhouse gas emissions from electricity

generation rose by 58% between 1990 and 2008

(DCC&EE, 2010), compared to a population

increase of only 27% (ABS 2010).

In New Zealand, the energy sector is the second

largest source of emissions after agriculture and

electricity generation makes up about a fifth of

these emissions (EECA 2010). In 2009, emissions

from electricity generation were 70% higher than

1990 levels (MED 2010b), compared to a population

increase of only 28% (SNZ 2009). Since 1995,

electricity used by non-domestic refrigeration has

increased from 3.8 PJ (3.2% of national electricity

use) to 9.6 PJ (7%) in 2008 showing a total increase

of 153% or 7.4% per annum (EECA 2010).

Improving the efficient use of energy is consistent

with public policy objectives of stimulating

economic development, maintaining energy

security and achieving environmental benefits.

For this reason, all Australian governments and

the New Zealand Government are committed to

measures which promote greater energy efficiency.

The non-domestic refrigeration sector spans a wide

range of technologies, and involves suppliers of

products and services ranging from small specialised

operations to large companies that provide multiple

products across Australia and New Zealand. End-users

are similarly diverse, including national supermarket

and fast-food chains, large processors and exporters

and distributors of foodstuff and dairy products,

refrigerated transport, fishing fleets, schools,

cafes and restaurants.

All of these participants in the commercial

refrigeration sector, sometimes also called the cold

food chain, are illustrated in Figure 1. However,

since this strategy also encompasses industrial

Figure 1. The Cold Food Chain, from primary producers to end-users


2 The strategy includes CO2 (R744) applications that may not operate with a true vapour compression cycle in all instances.

3 Excluding diesel-fuelled mobile refrigeration sources, which accounts for approximately 2% of sectoral greenhouse gas emissions, is currently beyond the jurisdiction of the Equipment Energy Efficiency (E3) Committee.

applications, the sector is simply referred to as

‘non-domestic refrigeration’ in this document.

Non-domestic refrigeration technology is defined

as refrigerating systems and equipment that use

the Vapour Compression cycle2 with reciprocating,

scroll, rotary, screw and centrifugal compressors

driven by electric motors in applications to preserve,

process and store produce and beverages.

Application temperatures range from zero degrees

Celsius and below (freezers) to zero degrees Celsius and

above (refrigerators) but below ambient temperature,

and excluding applications that are intended for

human comfort and built environment climate

control (e.g. air conditioners).

In 2008 non-domestic refrigeration in Australia

consumed approximately 13,400 GWh and was

responsible for greenhouse gas emissions of 13.7 Mt

CO2-e, equivalent to 4% of emissions from all fuel

combustion in Australia’s energy sector3. In New

Zealand, non-domestic refrigeration consumed an

estimated 2,900 GWh in 2008, equivalent to 7% of

the total electricity demand in New Zealand for that

year, producing 1.7 Mt CO2-e or 6% of emissions

from all fuel combustion in the energy sector.

Figure 2 and Figure 3 provide one view of the

distribution of electricity consumption in the non-

domestic refrigeration sector in the two countries,

although the sector can be subdivided in many ways:

by application, by technology, by equipment category

or even by groupings with similar service providers.

In from the Cold was developed to identify

barriers that stop enterprises from choosing

efficient refrigeration equipment or using energy

more effectively, and ways to overcome these

barriers. Understanding these relationships and

how they overlap is a key factor in designing

Figure 2. Distribution of electricity consumption in non-domestic refrigeration, Australia,

2008 (Source: Draft Strategic Plan and Technical Report Volume 2, Strategies to increase

the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia & New Zealand, Oct 2009 –

refer section 7)


effective policies and determining their potential

impact. As in all sectors, no single policy measure

on its own will be completely successful in optimising

energy efficiency across non-domestic refrigeration

(IEA 2009).

This strategy provides a cohesive package of

policies acting on the different stakeholders to

increase energy efficiency, and to reduce energy

use and energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.

However, it recognises the importance of reducing

direct emissions of refrigerant gases and the inter-

relationships between energy-related emissions and

emissions of working gases.

Figure 3. Distribution of electricity consumption in non-domestic refrigeration, New Zealand,

2008 (Source: Draft Strategic Plan and Technical Report Volume 2, Strategies to increase

the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia & New Zealand, Oct 2009 –

refer section 7)

The Australian Government Department of Climate

Change and Energy Efficiency is liaising closely

with the Ozone and Synthetic Gas Team within

the Department of Sustainability, Environment,

Water, Population and Communities (formerly the

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage

and the Arts) and with New Zealand officials to

ensure the strategy is complementary to plans to

reduce direct emissions of refrigerant gases and

explore opportunities with natural refrigerants.


Energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions potential

There is significant technical potential to reduce

energy-related greenhouse gas emissions from

non-domestic refrigeration. Fully implemented

in Australia and New Zealand, In from the

Cold is expected to reduce annual electricity

consumption from non-domestic refrigeration

by 14% (3,300 GWh) in 2020, and cut annual

greenhouse gas emissions by 2.5 Mt CO2-e.

Due to the long term effect of policy measures

which improve the efficiency of new equipment, the

projected impacts continue to grow long after 2020,

so that by 2030 the strategy will reduce electricity

consumption from non-domestic refrigeration by

27% (8,000 GWh), equivalent to 5 Mt CO2-e. Between

2010 and 2030, it is expected that greenhouse gas

emissions avoided from this scale of energy saving

will in aggregate total nearly 50 Mt CO2-e.

Figure 4. Estimated impact on electricity consumption in non-domestic refrigeration,

Australia and New Zealand (Source: Draft Strategic Plan and Technical Report Volume 2,

Strategies to increase the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia

& New Zealand, Oct 2009 – refer section 7)

Despite forecast improvements to technology and

services, electricity consumption in the sector is

likely to continue rising, driven by demand for more

refrigerated food and beverages, which will increase

the total volume of refrigerated space. Against this

‘business as usual’ (BAU) scenario, In from the Cold

will come close to stabilising electricity consumption

from this sector, as shown in Figure 4.

The lowering greenhouse gas intensity of electricity

supplies in Australia and New Zealand means that

implementation of In from the Cold will cause an

absolute reduction in greenhouse emissions from

the sector, as shown in Figure 5.


Figure 5. Estimated impact on greenhouse gas emissions in non-domestic refrigeration,

Australia and New Zealand (Source: Draft Strategic Plan and Technical Report Volume 2,

Strategies to increase the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia &

New Zealand, Oct 2009 – refer section 7)


Energy efficiency strategies and policy measures

Strategic approach to energy efficiency

In this strategy, there are a number of approaches

and policy measures considered for non-domestic

refrigeration that either apply horizontally across

the market sectors, or are aimed at specific sectors.

The key types of policy measures are described

in Table 1.

Approaches to energy efficiency need to consider

emerging trends, such as advances in equipment,

advances in components including the emergence

of alternative refrigerants, and new practices that

will play a significant role in improving energy

efficiency and reducing direct emissions over

the decade ahead.

Energy-efficient outcomes are also impacted by

social and behavioural changes. An example of

this is the emergence of businesses undertaking

energy efficiency retrofits where corporations are

driven by broader policy and business objectives

such as lower carbon footprints, customer demands

for sustainable changes, and improved property

values rather than simple cost reductions.

The following sections outline the energy efficiency

strategies and policy measures proposed for non-

domestic refrigeration equipment, components

and key application sectors.

Table 1. Description of types of policy measures that are considered in this strategy

Policy measures Description

Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)

Mandatory requirements designed to remove the worst performing products from the market by setting a performance threshold that products must meet to gain entry to the market.

High Efficiency Performance Standards (HEPS)

Identified performance levels used as a reference threshold for procurement, specification, labelling or incentives.

Benchmarks A set of performance metrics designed to enable comparison across a range of similar facilities or activities.

Information programs Encompassing a variety of methods for the provision of information to different stakeholder groups, including online facilities.

Industry training Specific energy efficiency training or education modules for service providers, typically within existing training processes.

Market-based incentives Including measures designed to encourage new investment and draw attention to energy efficiency opportunities.

Electricity sub-metering Electricity sub-meters measure and record the electricity usage of individual plants and services such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, lighting and general power.

Best practice guidelines and processes

Guidelines and processes that identify best practice, share knowledge and improve behaviour in relation to system design, installation and maintenance.


New Zealand’s implementation of proposed measures

The strategy was largely prepared based on

Australian research and industry consultation,

which means further detailed investigation and

consultation is required in New Zealand before

policy measures outlined in the strategy can be

regarded as definite proposals.

New Zealand’s commitment to the E3 program

extends to MEPS and labelling of appliances only.

However, many of these initiatives are of interest to

New Zealand and could be incorporated in related

programs within EECA or developed by other

government agencies. Therefore, strategies outside

the scope of New Zealand’s current commitments

under the joint E3 program are possible, given

further detailed investigation, and approval

from Ministers and Cabinet.

Refrigerated cabinets, refrigerated beverage vending

machines, ice makers and storage, refrigerant

compressors and fan motors are on the E3 work

program that has been ratified by the New Zealand

Cabinet. As such, New Zealand will participate fully

in these parts of the strategy.

Recommendations to improve sub-sector efficiency

The following sections outline the energy efficiency

measures considered for non-domestic refrigeration

equipment, components and key application sectors.

Supermarkets

The supermarket industry is the largest single

end-user of electricity for non-domestic

refrigeration in Australia and New Zealand,

using one third of the total electricity used in

refrigeration. In the best case ‘business as usual’

(BAU) forecast, electricity use for this sector

will remain at this level for the next decade.

The development of a few demonstration ‘green’

stores incorporating energy-efficient technologies

and natural refrigerants indicates that the industry

is keen to display its environmental credentials

to customers. Many significant improvements are

being made by individual companies, but raising

the awareness of energy use and the economic

benefits of energy efficiency, and sharing best

practices across the whole sector, are areas that

can be addressed in addition to the individual

measures already identified in this strategy.

The key measures and challenges proposed

for supermarkets are as follows:

a) a commitment to work collaboratively with

government in establishing the use of aggregate

electricity intensity benchmarks by region,

and/or climate zone, based on total electricity

consumption per unit of trading floor area to

stimulate further investments in energy efficiency

b) for benchmarks to be effective, they must compare

‘like for like’ and take into account factors that

might prove to be significant such as the climatic

conditions, store sizes, amount of refrigerated and

frozen display cases, opening hours, air locks and

air conditioning (stand-alone or part of shopping

centre). The benchmark targets, types and review

periods will be set based on an extensive review

of industry data and further consultation with

the supermarket industry

c) transitioning from less efficient ‘open’ display

cabinets for refrigerated and frozen foods at

the end of their life, or sooner, to cabinets with

doors and lids or ‘open’ display cabinets with

similar efficiency levels to acceptably efficient

‘closed’ cases. Key Performance Indicators

(KPIs) to be measured include the length of

refrigerated display cabinets (closed/open/night-

blinds) and the length of horizontal and vertical

freezers (closed/open/night-blinds).

d) investigate the opportunities for sub-metering

as a means of measuring the electricity

consumption and performance of refrigeration

systems in new and refurbished supermarkets,

to raise awareness of energy use and spend


e) promote sharing of proven best practice

initiatives and knowledge to stimulate wider

industry investment in energy efficiency.

It is proposed that these measures will be driven

by collaboration between the supermarket industry

and Government. Should collaboration prove

difficult these benchmarks and KPIs could be

adopted as regulations. Requirements for regular

reporting and verification are to be included

in any agreement with industry or regulation.

Where practical, and with industry support,

New Zealand’s alignment with Australia on

this initiative will be explored over the term

of the strategy.

Walk-in coolrooms

More than 70,000 walk-in coolrooms (WICs)

are currently used throughout the cold food chain

in Australia and New Zealand, for refrigerated and

frozen storage. The majority are small (up to 100

m2 floor area and up to 4 m in height) and built

on-site to fit an internal space. Uses range from

catering, hospitality and food retailing (groceries

and liquor) to primary producers (fruit and flowers)

through to processed food storage such as meat,

dairy and bakery dough. Many older constructions

provide very poor energy performance and while

some companies have realised the benefits of

efficient practices and modest investment in

thermal improvements, a number of market

barriers prevent widely spread energy-efficient

outcomes across the broad range of micro, small

and medium enterprises across the community

that use and rely on walk-in coolrooms.

Catering and hospitality applications account

for around 60% of coolrooms and 50% of the

total electricity consumption in this sub-sector.

The industry consists of many small to medium

enterprises (contractors and end-users) driven

by short term financial objectives that act as

a market barrier to energy-efficient outcomes.

Practices commonly encountered in industry

that contribute to poor efficiency include

refrigeration systems that are oversized for the

application; poorly controlled heated surfaces to

prevent condensation or ice build up and a lack

of maintenance that can lead to poor seals, poor

airflow and poor heat exchange performance.

The key measures that should be further investigated

for walk-in coolrooms for refrigerated and frozen

storage are:

a) regulated minimum thermal insulation ratings

for walls, ceilings and floors depending on

storage temperature category

b) specified requirements for doors to minimise

infiltration

c) requirements to ensure all WICs are properly

sealed to ensure air-tightness and moisture

resistance

d) specified requirements for glazing of all

transparent areas in medium temperature

WICs and low temperature WICs

e) assessment of the merits of a Code of Practice

for WICs and the effectiveness of self-regulated

industry compliance

f) the development of the above performance

standards could be harmonised with the

regulatory requirement for WICs that are

implemented in the United States.

These measures represent a combination of potential

tools to address design, installation and maintenance

issues that will improve the efficiency within this

sub-sector. Fan motor and refrigerant compressor

efficiency standards will also complement future

energy savings from coolrooms.

While performance standards for ‘rooms’

(as opposed to equipment) are currently beyond

the scope of New Zealand’s participation in the

E3, there may be opportunities to align with

Australia on this initiative through alternative

business programs within EECA, and in other

government agencies responsible for insulated

building structures. Participation will be explored

throughout the course of the strategy.


Process refrigeration and cold storage

Process refrigeration and cold storage is responsible

for 31% of the total electricity use in Australia for

non-domestic refrigeration, and 29% in New Zealand.

Process refrigeration includes large chilling and

freezing applications for meat, dairy products and

ice-making as well as industrial applications such

as manufacturing and cooling of plastics, rubber,

pharmaceuticals and mechanical engineering and

mining. Cold storage is essential for the production,

handling and storage of many food products

consumed locally and exported. The majority

of refrigeration systems in these sub-sectors

use ammonia (R717) as the refrigerant.

Benchmarking and Key Performance Indicators

(KPIs) are already used by major facility operators

in this part of the cold food chain in Australia

and New Zealand. To date the benchmarking has

been confined within corporations and is unlikely

to extend to smaller participants. Benchmarks

enable and encourage operators to compare key

characteristics of best practice and to become open

to new methods, ideas, processes, and practices to

improve performance. Measuring major plant and

equipment performance is an essential process for

any modern day facility operator, particularly in

the current tough economic climate.

A recent industry forum in Australia unanimously

agreed that effective benchmarks must compare ‘like

for like’ and that factors such as size, application, blast

freezing, type of produce and climate zones need

to be taken into account, and that the information

should be made public so that knowledge can be

shared. These types of measures can help identify

specific problem areas, assist in building business

cases and be used in specifications for designers

and installers of facilities.

With over 10 million m3 of cold storage facilities

in Australia alone there are significant energy

saving opportunities, greenhouse gas reductions

and financial gains available for those who invest

in efficiency. The key recommendations for these

sub-sectors are:

a) Government and industry organisations form

a working group to investigate the development

of an online benchmarking tool for cold storage

facilities to measure and compare energy use and

to provide best practice information to the cold

storage industry. Participants to include cold

storage facility operators and processors with

private cold storage facilities

b) appropriate benchmark targets and key

performance indicators be set in consultation

with industry, aiming for a date not later than the

beginning of 2012, based on the data on individual

sites collected through this tool, and other

sources such as international benchmarks

c) Governments should further investigate

how such benchmarks and key performance

indicators should be applied in order to be most

effective, including through collaboration with

industry or through regulation.

Process refrigeration has not been directly

targeted in this strategy because in many instances,

rising energy prices and other policy measures

will drive these facilities to seek their own solutions.

This class of equipment has strong commercial

drivers for energy efficiency with fewer market

barriers than in other sectors. Best practice in

non-domestic refrigeration initiatives and efficiency

improvements to fans and compressors will further

support the efficiency of process refrigeration.

Refrigerated cabinets

Refrigerated Display Cabinets (RDCs) manufactured

in, or imported into, Australia and New Zealand since

1 October 2004 have been regulated with MEPS and

high efficiency energy consumption levels, as defined

by Australian Standard AS 1731.14:2003. However,

a number of related types are not covered by the

current standards, either through overly specific

dimensional requirements or through lack of

MEPS levels.

Improvements need to be made to the current

regulations in order to clarify the requirements

and to provide more transparency to suppliers


and regulators in order to facilitate compliance.

Prior to the introduction of MEPS for RDCs in

2004, it was signalled that after five years the

specified efficiency levels should become more

onerous. Therefore, a reduction in the permitted

energy consumption is now overdue.

The key elements of recommended changes that

should be investigated include:

a) replace AS 1731 Part 1 to Part 13 with a locally

adapted version of the international standard

EN ISO 23953 that has had Australian and New

Zealand input and adopt the ISO classification

system for refrigerated display cabinets with

both self-contained and remote condenser units

b) extend the scope of MEPS to cover all types

of non-domestic refrigerated cabinets used to

display and store foodstuffs and beverages.

The energy performance of refrigerated service

cabinets (RSCs) should be determined according

to electricity consumption per unit refrigerated

volume, with energy performance tested to a local

version of EN ISO 23953 with suitable variations

c) for cabinets that are built on site or in very

low volume, introduce an alternative ‘deemed

to comply’ allowance comprising minimum

efficiency specifications for key technology

components

d) increase the stringency of MEPS and HEPS levels

for RDCs to reflect the improving performance

of products in the current market and in line

with overseas programs, where appropriate. The

performance of those cabinets that do not have

doors or lids fitted (open displays) should be

aligned with closed cabinets. Performance levels

for Refrigerated Storage/Service Cabinets (RSCs)

should be harmonised with international levels

as appropriate

e) require all new open display cabinets (i.e. those

not fitted with doors or lids) to have night blinds

f) additional reporting requirements to include both

the display area and refrigerated volume to enable

comparison in refrigeration energy intensity.

The Governments will work through the standards

development processes with reference to technical

working groups, in order to determine classification

of types, relevant test methods and energy

efficiency levels.

This work is on the E3 work program that has been

ratified by New Zealand Cabinet. As such, New Zealand

will participate in this part of the strategy.

Milk vats

Up to 30% of the electricity consumed in a dairy

is used for milk cooling, with some dairies using

four times the energy used by others to process

the same amount of milk. While some companies

and farmers have already implemented efficiency

improvements such as pre-chillers, heat recovery

systems, and maintaining their plant effectively,

there are further energy efficiency benefits to be

gained. Designing and operating an efficient milk

cooling system can reduce energy demand and

costs considerably. Combined with a scheme to

raise awareness by communicating knowledge,

benchmarking and improved maintenance

practices, savings of up to 20% of all electricity

consumed by a typical dairy farm could be made.

Contributing to the energy efficiency of milk

vats are the proposed measures for compressors

and fan motors in this strategy. However, other

activities that could make a significant contribution

and require further investigation include:

a) mechanisms to develop and distribute well

targeted information, including industry best

practice and benchmarks

b) work with Government and industry stakeholders

to consider incentives for the adoption of best

practice and investment in equipment that is

focused on energy efficiency opportunities.


In New Zealand this may be considered an area for

special attention, given that milk vats are estimated

to account for 10% of New Zealand’s non-domestic

refrigeration electricity consumption.

Beverage cooling systems

Beverage cooling systems consume around 3% of the

total electricity used in non-domestic refrigeration

in Australia and New Zealand. Beverage cooling

systems are used to supply chilled beverages for

consumption in all types of hospitality venues

including pubs, clubs, bars, hotels, large restaurants

and large entertainment venues such as sports and

event stadiums. Beverage cooling systems reviewed

include ‘beer cooling’ systems that decant beer from

beer kegs, typically chilled by glycol cooling systems

and ‘post-mix’ equipment that dispenses soft drinks,

mixed beverages and wine chilled typically with

ice bank cooling systems.

Since most of the potential savings will be achieved

through horizontal measures for compressors and

fan motors in this strategy, and consideration of

measures for pumps in the Equipment Energy

Efficiency Committee (E3) Industrial Equipment

Strategy, no additional measures are proposed at

this stage. It is anticipated that representatives from

the hotel and liquor industry will be involved in the

technical working group for walk-in coolrooms.

Mobile refrigeration

Energy reductions of more than 35% are available

from improved thermal insulation of refrigerated

rolling stock, together with more efficient

refrigeration equipment. The key measures

proposed for the mobile refrigeration sector are

to further investigate with relevant Government

agencies and industry, the following:

a) the design and use of materials to increase

insulation capacity of refrigerated transport

rolling stock to enhance benefits such as reduced

fuel use, greater quality control of products and

reduced risk of product spoilage

b) the feasibility of increasing the maximum

permitted width of trucks to 2.6 m to allow space

for adequate insulation materials when standard

pallets are used

c) ensuring that new refrigerated transport

products are insulated to a minimum level

equivalent to those in leading sustainable

economies. Investigate mechanisms such

as regulation to achieve this

d) specific incentives to encourage the use of

practices that increase the energy efficiency

of the refrigerated transport rolling stock

and development and promotion of targeted

information on best practice for this sector

e) the feasibility of putting in place emission

standards for refrigeration transport systems

similar to the US EPA Tier 4 non-road engine

standards and the CARB in-use program

without the onerous administration.

The emissions from refrigerated transport are

around 1% of total emissions in Australia and

New Zealand. Though is significant, the options

available are complex. Therefore, the timing and

extent of this investigation will be decided in the

second three-year period of the program.

Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines, Commercial Ice Makers and Ice Storage Bins

Test methods and minimum performance levels

for Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines,

Commercial Ice Makers and Ice Storage were

published in 2008. However, these sub-sectors

have not yet been subject to energy efficiency

requirements in Australia or New Zealand.

Considerable numbers of these products are

imported and operated in both countries, with the

majority of brands manufactured in countries that

have efficiency measures in place. It is recommended

that the current overseas regimes be reviewed,

and a cost benefit analysis conducted to determine

if any improvements in energy efficiency would

occur by the introduction of Minimum Efficiency


Performance Standards for these products, with

a view to updating the Australian New Zealand

standards in line with overseas levels.

This work is on the E3 work program that has

been ratified by the New Zealand Cabinet. As such,

New Zealand will participate in this part of the strategy.

Refrigerant compressors

Compressors are an essential component used

in all forms of vapour compression refrigeration

technologies, accounting for more than 40% of the

total energy used in the non-domestic refrigeration

sector. Improving the performance of all compressors

utilised in non-domestic refrigeration will be an

effective way to maximise savings across this whole

sector, covering some applications which might

not otherwise warrant individual policy measures.

The primary objective of the compressor strategy

is to migrate from less efficient technology to more

efficient technology and enhance the efficiency

levels of all types of compressors.

Proposed recommendations for implementation are:

a) Minimum Energy Performance Standards

(MEPS) and High Efficiency Performance

Standards (HEPS) should be introduced for

refrigerant compressors used in non-domestic

refrigeration applications with displacements

between 1.4 and 836 m3/h

b) MEPS and HEPS levels should be established

on the calculated coefficient of performance

(COP) based on input power and the refrigerating

capacity of the compressor at specific rating

points utilising selected, commonly used,

refrigerants

c) MEPS and HEPS levels should be in accordance

with accepted compressor rating standards such

as the International Standard EN12900.

It is proposed that the rating conditions outlined in

Table 2 for COP determination be used.

This work is on the E3 work program that has

been ratified by the New Zealand Cabinet. As such,

New Zealand will participate in this part of the strategy.

Table 2. Rating Conditions

Application (Tem-perature range)

Refrigerant(Depending on

application)

Evaporating0C

(Depending on application)

Condensing0C

Ambient0C

Suction vapour

0C

Sub cooling

K

Medium temperature

or

Low temperature

R134a

or

R404A

or

R717

-5, -10, -25, - 35

+ 45 + 32 + 20 0

Note: Rating on CO2 (R744) should be considered as it is a rapidly emerging refrigerant in certain applications.


Fan motors

Fan motors are used throughout most refrigeration

applications, consuming an estimated 30% of

electricity used in non-domestic refrigeration

equipment. There is considerable potential to reduce

energy consumption and lifecycle costs through

increasing the uptake of more efficient fan motors as

replacements, where possible, in existing equipment,

and when installed in all new equipment. There are

good prospects that policy measures encouraging

more efficient fan motors will grow this technology

sector and bring about cost reductions of high

efficiency fan motors. In these circumstances,

MEPS can be an effective tool for raising the

efficiency level of the lowest performing units.

It is, therefore, recommended that:

a) efficiency performance policy measures should

be adopted for all single-phase and three-phase

electric motors supplied into the Australian and

New Zealand markets that drive air moving fan

blades or impellors intended for incorporation

into, and incorporated into, non-domestic

refrigeration equipment, including combined

fan and motor assemblies

b) electric motors for driving fan blades or impellors

that are supplied as separate components; with

output ratings of 5 Watts and above should be

investigated for MEPS and HEPS

c) combined fan/impellor motor assemblies

supplied as complete units with input ratings

of 15 Watts and above should be investigated

for MEPS and HEPS.

The efficiency levels, form of percentage efficiencies,

and motor efficiency grades are to be developed

by Government and industry working groups.

The Equipment Energy Efficiency Committee (E3)

Industrial Equipment Strategy has similar plans

to harmonise with International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC) and International Standards

Organisation (ISO) standards, and fan motors

and combined fan/motor assemblies used in

non-domestic refrigeration and industrial

applications should be reviewed by the same

working group.

Consideration needs to be given to the appropriate

measurement method(s) and to the extension of

MEPS to fan assemblies once the international

efficiency standard for these products (ISO 12759)

has been finalised.

MEPS are to apply to fan motors used in non-

domestic refrigeration in Australia and New

Zealand at the earliest opportunity that allows for

reasonable adjustment by suppliers, customers and

equipment manufacturers. It is considered likely

that this might be towards the end of 2012.

This work is on the E3 work program that has been

ratified by the New Zealand Cabinet. As such, New

Zealand will participate in this part of the strategy.

Good system design, installation and maintenance – Best practice in non-domestic refrigeration

The correct design, installation and maintenance

of refrigeration systems can significantly improve

energy performance and this has a major impact on

the quantity of energy consumed throughout the life

of that system. However, even a refrigeration system

built with efficient components, but which is poorly

designed or not regularly maintained can lose up to

15% of its efficiency or more, in certain applications.

A lack of awareness and information often acts

as a barrier to the uptake of energy-efficient

behaviours, equipment and components in the

refrigeration sector. There is demand for a range

of content including examples of best practice

system design and maintenance, financial benefits

of investment in energy efficiency and specification

guidelines. A system approach can be taken with

many areas of the non-domestic refrigeration sector.

It is recommended that a working group be

called together by DCCEE, drawing on members

from industry, universities and Government


(including the Department of Sustainability,

Environment, Water, Population and Communities:

Ozone and Synthetic Gas Team, together with

New Zealand officials from the Energy Efficiency

and Conservation Authority, and the Ministry for

the Environment) to identify the priority projects

for stimulating good design, system selection,

installation, commissioning and maintenance

in non-domestic refrigeration.

This group, provisionally called the Best Practice

in Refrigeration (BPR) Working Group, will explore

synergies with the Australian HVAC High Efficiency

System Strategy (HVAC HESS) and the Australian

Cool Efficiency Program, and existing professional

and training/professional development organisations

and initiatives in Australia and New Zealand. It will

produce recommendations within 12 to 18 months

that include further options for implementating

this strategy.

The BPR working group may also identify

further specific information needs and consider

commissioning a number of studies to assist

with the communication of the benefits of

energy-efficient initiatives.

Data collection

The collection and analysis of data will be required

throughout the implementation of measures contained

within this strategy. The data will be used to finalise

specific policy measures as well as to monitor and

verify implementation and compliance, and evaluate

the impacts of the strategy actions. Recommendations

for data collection activities include:

a) detailed information on non-domestic

refrigeration markets and use in New Zealand

b) electricity consumption in supermarkets and

cold storage facilities to establish and monitor

benchmarks by type of facility

c) the gathering of other data as necessary to support

the development, implementation and monitoring

of specific policy measures within the strategy.


Strategy implementation

In from the Cold proposes initiatives to increase

the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration

in Australia and New Zealand. These will be further

developed and implemented with the Department

of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (DCCEE)

as the lead agency, under the guidance of the

E3 Committee and in consultation with the

Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism,

working in partnership with Australian and New

Zealand industry groups. The Energy Efficiency

and Conservation Authority (EECA) will coordinate

input from the New Zealand Government and

industries, as New Zealand’s representatives

on the E3 Committee.

The Department of Climate Change and Energy

Efficiency will be assisted, in this work, by an

Implementation Advisory Committee and subsidiary

working groups. It is important to note that the

Committee and its working groups will have advisory

capacity only, as opposed to executive capacity.

The Implementation Advisory Committee will be

a joint Australian and New Zealand Committee,

with multiple functions in providing advice

through the strategy program manager to the

E3 Committee: scoping standards and research

projects, developing appropriate test methods,

and proposing energy performance levels, as well

as providing general guidance and implementation

advice. The Committee’s proposed terms of

reference is attached in Appendix A.

When convened, the Committee will be provided

with clear and specific mandates and time lines

within which to complete tasks. Representatives of

the Committee will be nominated by key stakeholders

including government and industry bodies. Ad hoc

working groups made up of specialist technical

experts from industry and related fields, will

be appointed from time to time to advise the

Committee on specific issues or topics.

Where regulation is proposed as an outcome of the

Committee’s advice, this will not replace normal

approval processes through E3 and other higher

committees under which this work-program exists.

Processes required to develop the test methods and

recommended efficiency levels, and policy research

will be needed to determine the market coverage

and market impact for ministerial approval. These

activities will occur as part of, and to underpin

Regulation Impact Statements (RISs) to ascertain

the net worth or cost to the economy, prior to

obtaining approval to regulate, and subsequently

the writing of regulations or legislation.

The Standards Australia public consultation and

consensus process, where required, will be used

to ensure that the metrics and efficiency levels

are acceptable to key industry stakeholders and

government alike, and that they provide a net benefit

to both countries. Once standards are published

they may be called up as required in regulation

and legislation by national and state governments.

Initiatives that are not directly related to standards

development, such as refrigeration best practice

that require stakeholder input will be coordinated

alongside the delivery of existing industrial energy

programs such as the Australian Government’s

Energy Efficiency Opportunities program and the

Energy Efficiency Exchange (EEX) information

website. The establishment of a ‘Best Practice in

Refrigeration Working Group’ is contemplated to

facilitate the development of codes of practice and

other applicable initiatives and will involve leadership

from key industry bodies and participation from

technical specialists and industry practitioners

from across the non-domestic refrigeration sector.

Other working groups may be needed for development

of benchmark levels, training and education, and

advice on policy development through product

profiles and RIS assessments. Recommendations

from working groups will be judged on technical

merit to achieve sustainable energy-efficient

outcomes with a strong emphasis on public safety.

Key industry stakeholders and government will

need to agree on the structure and benchmark targets

or key performance indicators to be measured to

achieve ongoing efficiency improvements.


Project timing is prioritised according to the potential for, and certainty of, energy reduction outcomes.

The following table outlines the proposed projects to be covered in the first and second three-year periods for

Australia, with New Zealand priorities highlighted. The final work plan will be resolved through consultation

with key industry representatives. The performance of the 10-year strategy will be measured and reviewed every

three years from 2013 onwards. It is anticipated that strategy progress will be communicated in future industry

forums, public consultation, industry magazines and electronic media on government websites and via email.

Table 3. Project Workplan

Project 20101st Triennium 2nd Triennium

(2014, 2015, 2016)2011 2012 2013

Strategy

Completion of Strategic Plan

Inform industry stakeholders

Industry sector group forums

Establish administrative framework

Standards Committee operating

Working groups established

Detailed Action Plan for 2011

Standards development

Refrigerated Display Cabinets (RDCs) *

Refrigerated Storage Cabinets (RSCs) *

Fan Motors *

Compressors *

Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines *

Ice Makers and Ice Storage Bins *

Walk-in Coolrooms

MEPS Projects

Refrigerated Display Cabinets (RDCs) *

Refrigerated Storage Cabinets (RSCs) *

Fan Motors *

Compressors *

Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines*

Ice Makers and Ice Storage Bins *

Regulatory Impact Statements *


Project 20101st Triennium 2nd Triennium

(2014, 2015, 2016)2011 2012 2013

Good Practice Projects

Walk-in Coolrooms

Process refrigeration and cold storage

Best Practice in Refrigeration working group

Milk vats

Beverage cooling

Mobile refrigeration

Information sharing

Cold Storage industry on-line benchmarking tool and best practice portal

Working Groups/ Technical Committees

Supermarkets

Cold Storage operators

Data collection

New Zealand *

Supermarkets

Cold Storage facilities

RDC/RSC performance and test data

Monitoring and evaluation

Measure and evaluate performance of In from the Cold

Compliance surveys

Targeted MEPS compliance surveys

* Denotes high priority for New Zealand.


References and Data Sources

Refer to previous publications Draft Strategic Plan and Technical Volumes 1 and 2, In from the Cold,

Strategies to increase the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia and New Zealand,

published October 2009 for further detail, comprehensive product profiles by application sector and

analysis. Section 7 of the Draft Strategic Plan provides an explanation of the modelling undertaken to

estimate total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions including the assumptions and factors.

ABS 2010 3101.0, Australian Demographic Statistics, Australian Bureau of Statistics, June 2010.

CA 2009 National Strategy on Energy Efficiency, Council of Australian Governments (COAG), July 2009.

DCC&EE 2010 Australian National Greenhouse Accounts, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, May 2010.

EECA 2010 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority, Energy End-Use Database, 2010.

IEA 2009 Gadgets and Gigawatts - Policies for Energy Efficient Electronics, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2007.

IEA 2008 Energy Technology Perspectives – Scenarios and Strategies to 2050, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2008.

IEA 2007 World Energy Outlook 2007, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2007.

MED 2010a New Zealand Energy Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Ministry of Economic Development, 2010.

MED 2010b New Zealand Energy Data File, Ministry of Economic Development, 2010.

SNZ 2009 Historical population estimates tables, Statistics New Zealand, 2009.


Appendix A

Implementation Advisory Committee Terms of Reference

1. PRIME FUNCTION

The prime function of this committee shall be

to advise on implementation issues pertaining

to the strategy, particularly, in relation to the

development of standards for determining the

energy efficiency of refrigeration equipment

designed for application in the non-domestic

sector, including the identification of performance

thresholds that may be referenced in Australia

for the purpose of regulation or voluntary

implementation.

The Committee shall also provide technical input

and advice for the development and creation

of standards in the field of energy efficiency

testing and rating of non-domestic refrigerated

equipment and refrigeration components.

The Committee will be required to provide advice

on implementation of the non mandatory aspects

of the strategy.

2. SCOPE

The general scope of work for this Committee

will cover energy efficiency improvements of

non-domestic refrigeration components and non-

domestic refrigeration equipment in line with

the strategy to increase the energy efficiency

of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia and

New Zealand.

This includes formulation of test protocols to

measure the energy efficiency of non-domestic

refrigeration components and non-domestic

refrigeration equipment in line with the strategy

to increase the energy efficiency of non-domestic

refrigeration in Australia and New Zealand.

It also includes advising on the development

and creation of international standards and

international best practice relating to energy

efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration.

3. LIFETIME

The Committee shall be constituted as and

when required by the Department of Climate

Change and Energy Efficiency for specific tasks.

Where Australia’s participation in work on

International Standards (eg. ISO TC86 SC 7)

is required, the Department will, subject to the

availability of funding, from time to time provide

partial support for a designated expert from

Australia to attend.

4. INCLUSIONS

(a) Included:

(i) Refrigerated Display Cabinets (RDCs)

(ii) Refrigerated Storage/Service

Cabinets (RSCs)

(iii) Walk-in Coolrooms (WICS)

(iv) Refrigeration Compressors

(v) Fan Motors

(vi) Industrial Storage Facilities

(vii) Refrigerated Beverage Vending

Machines

(viii) Ice Makers and Ice Storage Bins.

5. LIAISONS

To liaise as required at appropriate stages with:

(a) Technical Committee(s) of Standards

Australia and Standards New Zealand

(b) DCCEE and EECA

(c) Industrial Energy Efficiency work program

(d) International Standards committees

especially ISO TC 86 SC 7.

6. STRUCTURE & REPRESENTATION

Participants shall be selected to reflect the broad

scope of the In from the Cold strategy including:

• Refrigerated Warehouse & Transport

Association of Australia Ltd


• Australian Institute of Refrigeration

Air Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH)

• Australian National Retail Association

• Australian Food & Grocery Council

• Australian Refrigeration Council (ARC)

• NZ Cold Storage Association

• Institute of Refrigeration, Heating &

Air Conditioning Engineers (IRHACE)

• TAFE/Technical colleges

• Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Authority (EECA)

• Test Laboratories

• Australian Industry Group (AIG)

• Department of Climate Change and Energy

Efficiency (DCCEE).

7. DUTIES

To participate in the development of biennial

action plans to guide and drive strategy

implementation

To act as a “sounding board” for DCCEE where

ideas and issues can be first canvassed and

tested prior to broader stakeholder consultations

To consider and propose appropriate test protocols

to measure the energy efficiency of non-domestic


refrigeration equipment in line with the strategy


refrigeration in Australia and New Zealand

To propose for consideration by DCCEE

methods, including performance standards for

improving the energy efficiency of non-domestic


refrigeration equipment; in line with the strategy


refrigeration in Australia and New Zealand

To review existing published energy test protocols

and performance standards for non-domestic

refrigerated equipment

To participate in working groups to provide

technical input into refrigeration equipment and

component performance levels and test protocols.

In carrying out such tasks, the Committee shall:

• review draft materials presented by

DCCEE, other government agencies

and their representatives

• review relevant international standards,

norms and guidelines and provide a rationale

in such cases where a determination is made

not to align with international standards,

norms or guidelines

• take into consideration existing standards

in Australia and New Zealand.

8. DELIVERABLES

• Provision of technical advice and input

into draft MEPS for consideration

• Provision of strategic advice in relation

to implementation issues

• Assist in determining valuable practical

research, data collection and other

investigative projects that will benefit

industry, including scoping such projects

• Attendance and participation in

Committee meetings.

In From the Cold. Strategies to increase the energy efficiency of non-domestic refrigeration in Australia and New Zealand. 2010–2020

www.energyrating.gov.au

A joint initiative of Australian, State and Territory and New Zealand Governments

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