improving human and environmental health in peri urban areas
TRANSCRIPT
Initial city partners:
Improving Human
and Environmental
Health in Peri-Urban
Areas
M. Ann Tutwiler
Director General
Bioversity International
Diets Drive Global Burden of Disease
Adapted from Murray (EAT 2014)
Agriculture Producing Too Much of Some and Not
Enough of Other Crops…
Steffen et al., 2016
Agriculture Pushing Planetary Boundaries
Global Diets Link Environmental Sustainability and
Human Health
D Tilman & M Clark Nature 000, 1-5 (2014) doi:10.1038/nature13959
Agriculture is a Key Driver of Human and Environmental Health
• How is food produced?
• Diversity of crops / land use
• Cropping systems
• Where is food produced?
• Land capability and environmental risk
• Links to markets
• What food is consumed?
• Driving human health
• Driving production and environmental health
Why Focus on Urban Areas?Over half the world’s population already
lives in cities. Share of urban population
projected to increase to 66% by 2050.
• Rapid urbanization influencing
consumption:
• Urban populations consume less
healthy and more environmentally
intensive diets
• Food and land use policies:
• Made and executed at municipal and
regional level
• Jobs:
• Food sector is a major employer in
urban economies
Why Focus on Peri-Urban Areas?
Peri-urban land-use:
• Proximity to centres of population means
environmental externalities (e.g. air and water
quality) have a high impact
• Important for supply of local fresh produce
to cities
• Pressure on agriculture through conflict
between different demands
• High land prices
• Development pressure
• Influenced by municipal as well as national
policy
Influencing urban health• Food supply
• Environmental pathways
Influencing land use • Consumption: markets & demand
• Policies & Actions
Urban outcomes• Food affordability
• Non-communicable diseases
• Healthy diets
• Environmental exposure
• Food waste
• Jobs & employment
Rural outcomes• Ecosystem services
• Water resources
• Flood mitigation
• Clean air
• Greenhouse gasses
• Food waste
• Jobs & employment
1. System Assessment in Each City
EnvironmentalClimate
Landscape characteristics
EconomicMacroeconomics, markets, commodity prices
Food imports
Social and culturalCultural drivers of food choice
Demographic growth
PoliticalNational policy (agriculture, food, health,
education)
External drivers
• Work within pre-existing urban initiatives (Milan Urban Food
Policy Pact; C40 Cities)
• Work with cities committed to reshaping their urban-peri-
urban areas
• Work with cities in 3 different agricultural and food
economies (developed, emerging, developing)
• Build on existing Bioversity International research
• Build on strong research partners (universities,
environmental organizations).
Research Proposal: A Tale of 6 Cities
Sustainable
Diets and
Nutrition
Governance
Social and
Economic
Equity
Food
Production
Food Supply
and
Distribution
Food Waste
Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
• Shorter food chains linked to public procurement (Cu/ M)Farmer cooperatives
• Social food fairs, Nossa Feira (Cu)
• Market infrastructure, commercial units (Cu/Ac)Markets
• Social access to cheap, healthy food (Cu)Food affordability
• Promoting backyard farming (Ac)
• Menu planning & food prep. (Ac/ Cu/ Co) Education
• Health certification for dishes (M)
• Mapping restaurants for healthy lunches (M) Certification
• 90% organic, less meat, seasonal… (Co/ M)
• School lunches, city institutions (Cu, M)Public procurement
Institutional and Policy Levers
Research and Engagement
City stakeholder engagement through action research cycles
1. System
assessment in
each city
2. Identify and
evaluate
existing
interventions
4. Synthesis,
scaling-up and
policy tools
3.Test new
interventions
1. System Assessment
Describe trends and gaps in urban and peri-urban food and
agricultural systems
Characterize food and environmental service flows to and
from urban to peri-urban areas
Evaluate policy environment
Assess opportunities and constraints for interventions to
improve human and environmental health
2. Identify and Evaluate Existing Interventions
Identify interventionsStakeholder consultations to identify existing interventions
Explore impact pathway to screen interventions to evaluate
Evaluate interventions‘Natural experiments’ to test existing interventions
Model impacts and trade-offs (environment, economic, diet, health).
Foresight modelling
Quantify gap between projected outcomes & policy goals
3. Test New Interventions
Co-design new interventions
Work with city stakeholders to design interventions
Model / assess impacts
Impact and trade-offs (environment, economic, diet, health)
Resilience to changes in external drivers
Piloting
Innovation fund to establish pilot studies
RCT or cohort experiments on pilots
Co-develop business cases within cities for impact investors
C40:• 80+ cities
• 600M people
4. Impact: Synthesis and Scaling-up
Building on Bioversity International Research
• Whole of diet; whole of year nutrition
• Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition
• Measuring ecosystem health
• Marketing neglected and underutilized crops
• Innovative financing model
Whole of Diet - Whole of Year Nutrition
Source: Kehlenbeck K, McMullin S.
2015. Fruit tree portfolios for
improved diets and nutrition in
Machakos County, Kenya. ICRAF
Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition
Brazil
1 in 3 children
aged between 5 &
9 are overweight
73 high potential native species
Sri Lanka
1 in 3 children aged between 5
& 9 are overweight
20 Native root & tuber crops,
bananas, rice varieties, leafy vegetables & fruits
Turkey
31% population
overweight
43 species of local
wild edible plant species
Kenya
1/3 of population food
insecure
20 Native leafy
vegetables, sorghum,
millets, nuts, fruits, livestock
MESH: Mapping Ecosystem Services for Human Wellbeing
Building Markets for Foods to Improve Nutrition
New Financing Mechanisms
A consistent long-term monitoring system for agrobiodiversity
to be applied across four sustainable food system
components:
Nutritious, diverse
diets
Productive and
resilient farms and
landscapes
Farmers’ access
to quality, diverse
seeds
Conservation of
agrobiodiversity
for future options
Photos: Bioversity International/A. Camacho, P.Lepoint, A. Sidhu, N.Capozio
