impressionism subtle. table of contents edgar degas eugene boudin claude monet edouard manet berthe...
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Impressionism
subtle
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Table of Contents• Edgar Degas• Eugene Boudin• Claude Monet• Edouard Manet• Berthe Morisot• Camille Pissarro • Pierre Auguste Renoir• Alfred Sisley• Mary Cassatt• James Abbott McNeill Whistler
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In General• a movement in painting that originated in France in the late 19th
century• French art critic Louis Leroy coined the term impressionist in a
satirical review of a private exhibition of paintings – Leroy argued that as soon as these artists had suggested an
impression of a subject by means of a few abrupt, shorthand brushstrokes, they were satisfied and stopped work.
• found many subjects in life around them rather than in history• tried to depict what they saw at a given moment, capturing a
fresh, original vision• often painted out of doors
– To observe nature more directly and set down its most fleeting aspects
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Features• The appearance of spontaneity• Used broken brushstrokes of bright, often unmixed colors. • Which produced loose or densely textured surfaces rather
than the carefully blended colors and smooth surfaces favored by most artists of the time.
• The colors have an overall luminosity because the painters avoided blacks and earth colors.
• Simplified compositions, omitting detail to achieve a striking overall effect.
• Impressionists were united by a desire to gain independence from an annual government-sponsored exhibition in Paris called the Salon.
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Édouard Manet
• 1832-83, French painter • Manet was influenced by Velázquez and Goya and
later by Japanese painters and printmakers and photography.
• he did not employ impressionism's typical broken color or sketchy brushstrokes.
• Manet worked in broad, flat areas, using almost no transitional tones, to show what the eye takes in at a glance.
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With its bold brush strokes and realistic portrayal
of everyday events, Manet’s work served as a forerunner of the
impressionist
movement. Self-
portrait
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Olympia based on a portrait by Renaissance master Titian.
Received severe criticism because of his unorthodox portrayals of nude subjects that were neither mythological nor biblical.
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Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe
Rejected from the Salon in Paris
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History from ManetZola, Emile (1840-1902) French writer and art critic; was introduced to Manet in February 1866. Three months later Zola wrote an enthusiastic essay in defense of Manet’s work (L’Evénement, May 1866). Manet painted this portrait as an expression of his thanks. In 1870-1903 Zola wrote and published his novel series about the Rougon-Macquart family, including Nana, in 1880. Nana was a character in Emile Zola’s novel.
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Manet’s Mother above
Manet’s wife below
The Women in Manet’s Life
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The Execution of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico. 1867-1868
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fragment of "The Execution of
Maximilian"
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Manet often illustrated scenes from
contemporary life in his paintings. With his
modern subject matter and spontaneous, brushy technique, he influenced
the development of
modern art. Argenteuil
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Chanteur espagnol
One of his works that was accepted
by the Salon
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The Balcony. 1868
The painting shows Berthe Morisot, next to
her is the violinist Fanny Claus, and
behind the women is the painter Antonin
Guillemet
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Manet’s Legacy
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Edgar Degas • French painter and sculptor 1834-1917 • He strove to unite the discipline of classical art with the
immediacy of impressionism • Degas chose to paint theater and ballet performances,
races, and café life, subjects that allowed him to capture movement in his off-center and oddly cropped compositions.
• He made notes and sketches from living models in motion to preserve informality of action and position
• Right before he went blind, he produced more freely executed, glowing pastels and charcoal drawings
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He was precociously gifted as a draftsman and a brilliantly subtle and penetrating portraitist Bellelli Family, 1859
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Woman with Chrysanthemumseffected a remarkable balance by giving special weight to the focus of interest
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The Star 1876-77
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Dancing Examination
ability to capture a
momentary pose
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Eugène Boudin
• French painter • Boudin met Claude Monet and did much to help
the young painter find his true artistic self • In the 1860s he frequently saw Edouard Manet• His land- and seascapes of that period are filled
with a constantly changing iridescent light; his palette grows lighter and the brushstrokes assume the aspect of soft, blurred patches of color
• His pictures of the sea made him one of the precursors of the Impressionists.
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Noted for the pervasive clarity and directness of
his outdoor scenes, Boudin excelled in
depicting nuances of light and atmosphere. He
painted from nature, influencing the
impressionists
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Claude Monet • 1840-1926, French landscape painter • Monet lifelong objective: portraying the variations of light and
atmosphere brought on by changes of hour and season. • Monet learned from his friends, from the landscape itself, and
from the works of his older contemporaries Manet, Corot, and Courbet.
• Monet's representation of light was based on his knowledge of the laws of optics as well as his own observations of his subjects.
• He often showed natural color by breaking it down into its different components as a prism does.
• Eliminated black and gray from his palette
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Monet
• In his later works Monet allowed his vision of light to dissolve the real structures of his subjects
• he chose simple matter • 1874 Sisley, Morisot, and Monet organized the
first impressionist group show, which was ferociously maligned by the critics – It failed financially
• In the last decade of his life Monet was nearly blind
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Impression: Sunrise 1873
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The White Water Lilies. 1899
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The Rouen Cathedral. Portail. The Albaine Tower 1893-1894, The Rouen Cathedral at Noon (1894)
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Beach Scene, Trouville 1863
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Beach Scene, Trouville 1863
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Woman with an Umbrella
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Self-Portrait. 1886.
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Berthe Morisot• French impressionist painter • She formed a close friendship with Manet, when she
married Manet’s brother Eugene• Her later work inclined toward pure impressionism in its
rendering of light • Unusual smoothness of brushwork • She painted in clear, luminous colors. • Her early subject matter included landscapes and marine
scenes• Later she most frequently painted tranquil portraits of
mothers and children.
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The Mother and Sister
of the Artist (Reading). c.1869-70When asked to
criticize the work, Manet loved it but when Moriscot left he touched it up.
She was very upset
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The Cradle
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In the Grass. 1874
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The Harbor at Lorient. 1869
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Girl in a Boat with
Geese. c.1889
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Camille Pissarro
• 1830-1903, French impressionist painter • Pissarro's warmth and generosity made him an
endearing figure. He was especially beloved as teacher and friend to Gauguin, Cézanne, and Cassatt
• In 1884 he experimented with theories of color called divisionism (dots)
• Abandoning divisionism in the 1890s, he reverted to a freer, more vital interpretation of nature
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L'Hermitage a Pontoise. 1867
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Vegetable Garden at the Hermitage, Pontoise (1879). The real subject matter here is light, and there is no black in the palette, exemplifying impressionist painting. The style also borders on pointillism with its small, even dabs of color. The effect of light brush strokes over dark gives it a shimmering quality.
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Self-Portrait
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The Red Roofs
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Lucien Pissarro. The Deaf Woman's House. 1888
Lucien was a pupil of his father
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Pierre Auguste Renoir
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• 1841-1919, French impressionist painter and sculptor • His early work reflected myriad influences including those of Courbet, Manet, Corot,
Ingres and Delacroix• he developed the ability to paint joyous, shimmering color and flickering light in
outdoor scenes • He went beyond impressionism.
– His ecstatic sensuality, particularly in his opulent, generalized images of women, and
– his admiration of the Italian masters removed him from the primary impressionist concern: to imitate the effects of natural light.
• “harsh” period in which his forms were closely defined in outline • In the 1890s he changed, diffusing both light and outline, and with dazzling,
opalescent colors describing voluptuous nudes, radiant children, and lush summer landscapes.
• 1903, Renoir fought arthritis at the same time that his work attained its greatest sensual power and monumentality
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Lise. 1867the Salon in 1867 accepted
Lise, portrait of his model and lover Lise Treho. She posed
in these others as well
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The figure in this painting is bathed in light, and the artist’s
unique brushwork gives the figure a glowing
quality.Portrait of the Actress Jeanne Samary. 1878
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Madame Charpentier and her Children
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The SwingThe Family of the Artist. In the picture: standing - Pierre (11 years old), Aline (the wife); in the lower part – Jean (about 2 years old), governess; in the right part - a neighbor’s girl
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Moulin de la Galette
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The Bathers (detail). 1887
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Luncheon of the Boating Party
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Dance at Bougival
Lady Sewing
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In the know
Self- portrait Frédéric Bazille at His Easel. 1867
Alfred Sisley and His Wife. 1868.
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Renoir’s World of Aquaintances
Portrait of Claude Monet. 1875
In 1880, Renoir met Aline Charigot, a common woman, whom he would marry in 1890, they had 3 sons: Pierre, Jean, Claude, called “Coco” Aline and Pierre. 1887
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Alfred Sisley • 1839-99, French impressionist landscape
painter • painted subtly shimmering small-town
landscapes that reveal a wistful, lyrical sensibility
• Influenced by his friends Renoir and Monet in his selection of colors but closer to the Barbizon School tradition
• Sisley did not live to see his talent recognized
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impressionist style, applying clear, bright colors in short, visible brushstrokes. Sisley's paintings are distinguished by their serenity and their focus on the effects of light and atmosphere. Moret-sur-Loing in Morning Sun. 1888.
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Square in Argenteuil (rue de la Chaussée). 1872
Monet had moved in 1871 to the village of Argenteuil on the north bank of the Seine. Sisley often visited Monet
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Moret-sur-Loing. 1891
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Mary Cassatt
• (1844-1926), American painter • she typically portrayed family members and
friends in intimate, domestic settings– she used members of her own family as subjects
• she began to emphasize line rather than form or mass and experimented with asymmetric composition and informal, natural gestures and positions.
• loss of her sight in 1914, meant she was no longer able to paint.
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Mrs. Cassatt Reading to Her Grandchildren
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The Cup of TeaMary’s sister is the model
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Sleepy Baby. c.
1910
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Two Children at the Seashore
Summertime. c. 1894.
The Child's Caress.
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler • An American• Whistler was dismissed from West Point for insufficient knowledge of
chemistry and from the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, where he had learned etching and map engraving
• Whistler resorted to elaborate exhibits, lectures, polemics, and more than one lawsuit. – In Falling Rocket: Nocturne in Black and Gold (Detroit Inst. of Arts)
he sued Ruskin in 1878 for writing that Whistler asked “two hundred guineas for flinging a pot of paint in the public's face.”
• Whistler explained that the harmonious arrangement of light, form, and color was the most significant element of his paintings.
• To de-emphasize their subjective content, he called them by fanciful, abstract titles such as Nocturne in Black and Gold, and Arrangement in Gray and Black
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Arrangement in Black and Grey No. 1: The Artist’s
Mother used monochromatic
colors, like Degasthe two-dimensional format of the composition recalls
the similar flattened style of Claude Monet.
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Symphony in White No. 1: The White
Girl. 1862.
His brushy impressionistic technique is evident in
Valparaiso Harbor
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The End