Nicknames Of Indian Cities

General Awareness

6

Nicknames are formulated for cities to showcase the cities uniqueness or Strength or Distinction among

other cities. So Indian cities also have been distinguished from other cities with their nick names. So here

is the complete list of nicknames of Indian cities, which are tabulated State-wise with respect to

memorizing easily and also for the benefit of aspirants appearing for State Wise Selection Commission

exams and other competitive exams.

S.No City Name Nick Names

1 Hyderabad-Secunderabad

(Telangana) Twin City

2 Hyderabad (Telangana) City of Nizams, City of Pearls, Bangle City, Hitech City

3 Tenali (Andhra Pradesh) Andhra Paris

4 Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) City of Chillies, City of Spices

5 Bhimavaram (Andhra Pradesh) Secon Bardoli of India

6 Rajahmundry (Andhra

Pradesh) Cultural City

7 Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) Fertilizer City, Pensioners Paradise, Second Madras

8 Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh) Place of Victory, Land of Victory

9 Amritsar (Punjab) Golden City

10 Patiala (Punjab) Royal City

11 Muzzaffarpur (Bihar) Lychee City

12 Ahmadabad (Gujarat) Manchester of India, Boston of India

13 Palanpur (Gujarat) City of Diamonds, Flower City

14 Surat (Gujarat) Diamond City

15 Bardoli (Gujarat) Butter City

16 Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) City of Lakes

17 Mundi (Madhya Pradesh) Power Hub City

18 Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) City of Rivers

19 Panipat (Haryana) City of Weavers, Eco-City

20 Gurgaon (Haryana) Millennium City

21 Allahabad or Prayag (Uttar

Pradesh) Abode of the God, Sangam City, City of Prime Ministers

22 Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Taj Nagari, Petha Nagari

23 Varanasi or Benares or

Banaras or Kashi (Uttar City of Temples, Holy City, Religious Capital of India

Pradesh)

24 Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) Leather City, Manchester of the East

25 Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) Sports Capital of India, Scissor City

26 Luck now (Uttar Pradesh) City of Nawabs, City of Marbels, City of Elephants

27 Mysore (Karnataka) Sandal Wood City

28 Coorg (Karnataka) Scotland of India

29 Auroville (Pondicherry) City of Dawn

30 Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) Steel city, Pittsburg of India

31 Dhanbad (Jharkhand) Coal Capital of India

32 Udaipur (Rajasthan) Lake City, White City, Venice of the East

33 Jaipur (Rajasthan) Pink City, City of Palaces, Paris of India

34 Jodhpur (Rajasthan) Sun City, Blue City

35 Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) Golden City

36 Tezpur (Assam) City of Blood

37 Bhuvaneshwar (Orissa) Temple City

38 Cuttack (Orissa) Silver City

39 Yavatmal (Maharashtra) Cotton City

40 Mumbai (Maharashtra) City of Seven Islands, Gateway of India, Hollywood of

India, City of Dreams

41 Thane (Maharashtra) City of Lakes

42 Nasik (Maharashtra) Grape City, Wine Capital

43 Pune (Maharshtra) Deccan Queen

44 Nagpur (Maharashtra) City of Orange

45 Kolhapur (Maharashtra) City of Wrestlers

46 Ichalkaranji (Maharashtra) Manchester of Maharashtra

47 Bengaluru or Bangalore

(Karnataka)

Garden City, Electronic City, Silicon Valley, Space City,

Pensioners Paradise

48 Yercaud (Tamil Nadu) Poor Mans Ooty

49 Vaniyambadi (Tamil Nadu) Leather City of South India

50 Salem (Tamil Nadu) Mango City

51 Namakkal (Tamil Nadu) Egg City

52 Tiruchirappali or Trichy

(Tamil Nadu)

Rock Fort City, Energy Equipment & Fabrication Capital

of India

53 Nilgris (Tamil Nadu) Blue Mountains

54 Chennai (Tamil Nadu) Gateway of South India, Detroit of Asia or India, Motor

city of India, Banking capital of India, Autohub of India

55 Madurai (Tamil Nadu) City of Festivals, Temple City, Sleepless City

56 Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) Manchester of the South, Textile city of India, Capital of

Kongu Nadu, Engineering City of India

57 Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu) Pearl City, Pearl Harbor of India

58 Rishikesh (Uttarkand) City of Sages, Yoga City

59 Nainital (Uttarkhand) City of Lakes

60 Mussorie (Uttarakhand) Hill Queen City

61 Kollam (Kerala) Cashew Capital of the World, Prince of Arabian Sea

62 Alappuzha (Kerala) Venice of the East

63 Trivandrum (Kerala) City of Statues

64 Kochi or Cochin (Kerala) Queen of Arabian Sea, Garden of Spices

65 Kolkatta (West Bengal) City of Castles, City of Buildings

66 Asansol (West Bengal) Land of Black Diamonds

67 Darjeeling (West Bengal) The Queen of the Hills

68 Durgapur (West Bengal) Ruhr of India

69 Malda (West Bengal) Mango City

70 Siliguri (West Bengal) Gateway of North East India, City of Hospitality

71 Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh) Land of Rising Sun

72

Dispur (Assam) (A locality in

the Guwahati city, which is

capital of Assam)

City of Temples

73 Guwahati (Assam) City of Eastern Astrology, City of Temples, Gateway of

North East India

74 Shillong (Meghalaya) Scotland of the East

75 New Delhi (NCR-National

Capital Region) City of Rallies

76 Noida (NCR) IT Capital of NCR

Tricky Countries Capital List

General Awareness

Memorizing list of the countrys capital is a tedious task. So most people memorize the important capitals

of the world. But there is some countrys capital which confuses or tricks you in the examinations. So here

I have listed out some important capitals of the world countries that are easy, that confuses you

often, that have more than one capital. I also have written some of the facts or notes which make you

to remember the capitals easier. Thus the list of tricky countries capital list are as follows

S.No Countries Capital Notes/Points to note for easy remembrance

1. Singapore Singapore Singapore is a small country expanded by land

reclamation. Easy to remember.

2. Vatican City Vatican City Smallest Internationally recognized Independent

state by area and population. Easy to remember.

3. Australia Canberra

Largest Inland city is Canberra. Most of the

cities you heard of are in the coastal area like

Adelaide, Melbourne, and Gold coast,

Newcastle, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney.

Canberra is a planned city after a settlement was

made between rivals Sydney and Melbourne.

4. Canada Ottawa

Toronto is the most populous city and hosts

Toronto stock Exchange. Toronto headquarters

5 largest banks. So Toronto is the commercial

capital of Canada, not the national capital.

5. Belize Belmopan

The only country in Central American to

have English also as National Language. Belize

city is the largest city.

6. Brazil Brasilia

Brasilia was planned and founded in 1960, to

move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a central

location.

7. Burma/Myanmar Naypyitaw

The capital was moved from Yangoon

(Rangoon) to give a strategic position centrally

to provide stability to other areas of the country.

8. China Beijing

Not to be confused with Shanghai. As Shanghai

is the world most populous city, global financial

center and worlds busiest container port but not the capital of China.

9. El Salvador San Salvador En Salvador is the most populated district and

also hosts most of the MNCs & Banks as its

Head Quarters. It also has a World Trade

Center.

10. Guatemala Guatemala City Not to be confused with Guantanamo detention

camp, run by USA.

11. Guinea Conakry It is also called French Guineau. It was formerly

a French colony.

12. Guineau-Bissau Bissau Easy to remember. Was formerly a Portuguese

colony. It is also called Portuguese Guineau.

13. Equatorial Guineau Malabo

Oyala is the planned city and future capital

which is under construction. Equatorial Guineau

was formerly a Spanish colony.

14. Equador Quito Quito lies near the Earths Equator line.

15. Ghana Accra Accra lies near the Earths Equator line.

16. Kazakhstan Astana

Akmola was renamed as Astana. It was formed

only in 1997 after moving the capital from

Almaty. Astana is the second coldest capital in

the world. First new capital of 21st century.

Astana is a Kazak title meaning Capital.

17. Kuwait Kuwait City Easy to remember.

18. Luxembourg Luxembourg

City Easy to remember.

19. Nauru Yaren Nauru is the worlds second least populated state next to Vatican City.

20. Panama Panama City Easy to remember.

21. San Marino San Marino Easy to remember.

22. South Africa

Pretoria,

Bloemfontein,

Cape Town

Has three capitals namely Capetown

(Legislative), Pretoria (Executive) and

Bloemfontein (Judicial). Pretoria is the de facto

capital.

23. Sri Lanka

Colombo, Sri

Jayawardenepura

Kotte

Has two capitals namely Sri Jayawardenepura

Kotte (Administrative) and Colombo

(Commercial).

24. Switzerland Bern Bern is the de facto capital or Federal capital.

Not to confuse with Zurich, Geneva and Basel.

25. Tunisia Tunis

Easy to remember. Housed the Arab League

(League of 22 Arab nations) HQ from 1979-

1990 during Egypts peace with Israel. In 1970-2003 also housed Palestine Liberation

Organisation as it was bombed by the Israeli Air

Force.

26. United Arab

Emirates Abu Dhabi

Not to be confused with Dubai, as it is the

global hub for tourism, retail and finance. Dubai

and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to

have veto power over major matters in the

UAEs legislature.

27. Vietnam Hanoi Ho Chi Minh city is the largest city in Vietnam

but not the capital.

28. United States of

America Washington D.C

Planned capital and selected by President

George Washington. Not to be confused with

New York city as it is the head quarters to

United Nations, cultural and financial capital of

the world. D.C stands for District of Columbia.

List of waterfalls in India

Waterfall Height Location

Kunchikal Falls 455 meters (1,493 ft) Shimoga district, Karnataka

Barehipani Falls 399 meters (1,309 ft) Mayurbhanj district, Odisha

Langshiang Falls 337 meters (1,106 ft) West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Nohkalikai Falls 335 meters (1,099 ft) East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Nohsngithiang Falls 315 meters (1,033 ft) East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Dudhsagar Falls 310 meters (1,020 ft) Karnataka, Goa

Kynrem Falls 305 meters (1,001 ft) East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Meenmutty Falls 300 meters (980 ft) Wayanad district, Kerala

Thalaiyar Falls 297 meters (974 ft) Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu

Barkana Falls 259 meters (850 ft) Shimoga district, Karnataka

Jog Falls 253 meters (830 ft) Sagar, Karnataka

Khandadhar Falls 244 meters (801 ft) Sundargarh district, Odisha

Vantawng Falls 229 meters (751 ft) Serchhip district, Mizoram

Penchalakona Falls 219 meters (719 ft) Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh

Kune Falls 200 meters (660 ft) Lonavla, Maharashtra

Soochipara Falls 200 meters (660 ft) Wayanad district, Kerala

Magod Falls 198 meters (650 ft) Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka

Hebbe Falls 168 meters (551 ft) Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka

Duduma Falls 175 meters (574 ft) Koraput district, Odisha

Joranda Falls 157 meters (515 ft) Mayurbhanj district, Odisha

Palani Falls 150 meters (490 ft) Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh

Lodh Falls 143 meters (469 ft) Latehar district, Jharkhand

Bishop Falls 135 meters (443 ft) Shillong, Meghalaya

Chachai Falls 130 meters (430 ft) Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh

Keoti Falls 130 meters (430 ft) Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh

Kalhatti Falls 122 meters (400 ft) Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka

Beadon Falls 120 meters (390 ft) Shillong, Meghalaya

Keppa Falls 116 meters (381 ft) Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka

Koosalli Falls 116 meters (381 ft) Udupi, Karnataka

Pandavgad Falls 107 meters (351 ft) Thane, Maharashtra

Rajat Prapat 107 meters (351 ft) Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh

Bundla Falls 100 meters (330 ft) Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh

Shivanasamudra Falls 98 meters (322 ft) Mysore, Karnataka

Agaya Gangai 92 meters (302 ft) Tamil Nadu

Lower Ghaghri Falls 98 meters (322 ft) Latehar district, Jharkhand

Hundru Falls 98 meters (322 ft) Ranchi district, Jharkhand

Sweet Falls 98 meters (322 ft) Shillong, Meghalaya

Gatha Falls 91 meters (299 ft) Panna district, Madhya Pradesh

Teerathgarh Falls 91 meters (299 ft) Baster district, Chhattisgarh

Kiliyur Falls 91 meters (299 ft) Yercaud, Tamil Nadu

Kedumari Falls 91 meters (299 ft) Udupi district, Karnataka

Muthyala Maduvu Falls 91 meters (299 ft) Bangalore, Karnataka

Palaruvi Falls 91 meters (299 ft) Kollam district, Kerala

Kuntala Falls 45 meters (148 ft) Nirmal, Telangana

Important Rivers in India

Length of some important Indian Rivers

Sl.

No. River Length (km)

1 Indus 3,200

2 Brahmaputra 2,900

3 Ganga 2,525

4 Godavari 1,465

5 Narmada 1,312

6 Krishna 1,290

7 Mahanadi 890

8 Kaveri 760

State-Wise details of Rivers Covered

S. No. State River

1 Andhra Pradesh Godavari & Musi

2 Bihar Ganga

3 Delhi Yamuna

4 Goa Mandovi

5 Gujarat Sabarmati

6 Haryana Yamuna

7 Jharkhand Damodar, Ganga & Subarnarekha

8 Karnataka Bhadra, Tungabhadra,Cauvery, Tunga & Pennar

9 Kerala Pamba

10 Madhya Pradesh Betwa, Tapti, Wainganga, Khan, Narmada, Kshipra, Beehar,

Chambal & Mandakini.

11 Mahrashtra Krishna, Godavari, Tapi and Panchganga

12 Nagaland Diphu & Dhansiri

13 Orissa Brahmini & Mahanadi

14 Punjab Satluj

15 Rajasthan Chambal

16 Sikkim Rani Chu

17 Tamil Nadu Cauvery, Adyar, Cooum, Vennar, Vaigai & Tambarani

18 Uttar Pradesh Yamuna, Ganga & Gomti

19 Uttranchal Ganga

20 West Bengal Ganga, Damodar & Mahananda

Cities on River Bank

City River State

Chandauli Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Jajmau Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Naubasta Pandu Uttar Pradesh

Nawabganj Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Bithoor Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Ujjain Kshipra Madhya Pradesh

Kolhapur Panchganga Maharashtra

Rajkot Aji Gujarat

Vadodara Vishwamitri Gujarat

Agra Yamuna Uttar Pradesh

Mathura Yamuna Uttar Pradesh

New Delhi Yamuna Delhi

Auraiya Yamuna Uttar Pradesh

Etawah Yamuna Uttar Pradesh

Jabalpur Narmada Madhya Pradesh

Hyderabad Moosi Andhra Pradesh

Vijayawada Krishna Andhra Pradesh

Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Karnataka

Farrukhabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Fatehgarh Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Kannauj Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Mangalore Netravati,

Gurupura Karnataka

Shimoga Tunga River Karnataka

Bhadravathi Bhadra Karnataka

Hospet Tungabhadra Karnataka

Karwar Kali Karnataka

Bagalkot Ghataprabha Karnataka

Honnavar Sharavathi Karnataka

Gwalior Chambal Madhya Pradesh

Gorakhpur Rapti Uttar Pradesh

Luck now Gomti Uttar Pradesh

Kanpur Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Kanpur

Cantonment Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Shuklaganj Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Chakeri Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Kolkata Hooghly West Bengal

Varanasi Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Allahabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh

Ahmadabad Sabarmati Gujarat

Patna Ganges Bihar

Malegaon Girna River Maharashtra

Guwahati Brahmaputra Assam

Cuttack Mahanadi Orissa

Sambalpur Mahanadi Orissa

Rourkela Brahmani Orissa

Haridwar Ganges Uttarkhand

Pune Mula, Mutha Maharashtra

Daman Daman Ganga

River Daman

Madurai Vaigai Tamil Nadu

Thiruchirapalli Kaveri Tamil Nadu

Chennai Cooum, Adyar Tamil Nadu

Coimbatore Noyyal Tamil Nadu

Erode Kaveri Tamil Nadu

Tirunelveli Thamirabarani Tamil Nadu

Surat Tapti Gujrat

Bharuch Narmada Gujarat

Kota Chambal Rajasthan

Karjat Ulhas Maharashtra

Nashik Godavari Maharashtra

Mahad Savitri Maharashtra

Rajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh

Nanded Godavari Maharashtra

Nellore Pennar Andhra Pradesh

Sangli Krishna Maharashtra

Karad Krishna,Koyna Maharashtra

Classification of Missile

Missiles are generally classified on the basis of their Type, Launch Mode, Range, Propulsion, Warhead

and Guidance Systems.

Type:

Cruise Missile

Ballistic Missile

Launch Mode:

Surface-to-Surface Missile

Surface-to-Air Missile

Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile

Air-to-Air Missile

Air-to-Surface Missile

Sea-to-Sea Missile

Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile

Anti-Tank Missile

Range:

Short Range Missile

Medium Range Missile

Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

Propulsion:

Solid Propulsion

Liquid Propulsion

Hybrid Propulsion

Ramjet

Scramjet

Cryogenic

Warhead:

Conventional

Strategic

Guidance Systems:

Wire Guidance

Command Guidance

Terrain Comparison Guidance

Terrestrial Guidance

Inertial Guidance

Beam Rider Guidance

Laser Guidance

RF and GPS Reference

On the basis of Type:

(I) Cruise Missile: A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled (till the time of impact) guided vehicle

that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path and whose primary mission is to

place an ordnance or special payload on a target. They fly within the earths atmosphere and use jet

engine technology. These vehicles vary greatly in their speed and ability to penetrate

defences.ICBMCruise missiles can be categorized by size, speed (subsonic or supersonic), range and

whether launched from land, air, surface ship or submarine.

Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:

1) Subsonic cruise missile

2) Supersonic cruise missile

3) Hypersonic cruise missile

Subsonic cruise missile flies at a speed lesser than that of sound. It travels at a speed of around 0.8

Mach. The well-known subsonic missile is the American Tomahawk cruise missile. Some other examples

are Harpoon of USA and Exocet of France.

Supersonic cruise missile travels at a speed of around 2-3 Mach i.e.; it travels a kilometer

approximately in a second. The modular design of the missile and its capability of being launched at

different orientations enable it to be integrated with a wide spectrum of platforms like warships,

submarines, different types of aircraft, mobile autonomous launchers and silos. The combination of

supersonic speed and warhead mass provides high kinetic energy ensuring tremendous lethal effect.

BRAHMOS is the only known versatile supersonic cruise missile system which is in service.

Hypersonic cruise missile travels at a speed of more than 5 Mach. Many countries are working to

develop hypersonic cruise missiles. BrahMos Aerospace is also in the process of developing a

hypersonic cruise missile, BRAHMOS-II, which would fly at a speed greater than 5 Mach.

(ii) Ballistic Missile: A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight

path, regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle. Ballistic missiles are categorized

according to their range, maximum distance measured along the surface of earths ellipsoid from the point

of launch to the point of impact of the last element of their payload. The missile carries a huge payload.

The carriage of a deadly warhead is justified by the distance the missile travels. Ballistic missiles can be

launched from ships and land based facilities. For example, Prithvi I, Prithvi II, Agni I, Agni II and Danish

ballistic missiles are currently operational in the Indian defense forces.

On the basis of Launch Mode:

(I) Surface-to-Surface Missile: A surface-to-surface missile is a guided projectile launched from a hand-

held, vehicle mounted, trailer mounted or fixed installation. It is often powered by a rocket motor or

sometimes fired by an explosive charge since the launch platform is stationary.

(ii) Surface-to-Air Missile: A surface-to-air missile is designed for launch from the ground to destroy

aerial targets like aircrafts, helicopters and even ballistic missiles. These missiles are generally called air

defense systems as they defend any aerial attacks by the enemy.

(iii) Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile: A surface (coast)-to-sea missile is designed to be launched from

land to ship in the sea as targets.

(iv) Air-to-Air Missile: An air-to-air missile is launched from an aircraft to destroy the enemy aircraft. The

missile flies at a speed of 4 Mach.

(v) Air-to-Surface Missile: An air-to-surface missile is designed for launch from military aircraft and

strikes ground targets on land, at sea or both. The missiles are basically guided via laser guidance,

infrared guidance and optical guidance or via GPS signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of

target.

(vi) Sea-to-Sea Missile: A sea-to-sea missile is designed for launch from one ship to another ship.

(vii) Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile: A sea-to-surface missile is designed for launch from ship to land

based targets.

(viii) Anti-Tank Missile: An anti-tank missile is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy

heavily-armored tanks and other armored fighting vehicles. Anti-tank missiles could be launched from

aircraft, helicopters, and tanks and also from shoulder mounted launcher.

On the basis of Range:

This type of classification is based on maximum range achieved by the missiles. The basic classification

is as follows:

(I) Short Range Missile

(ii) Medium Range Missile

(iii) Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile

(iv) Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

On the basis of Propulsion:

(I) Solid Propulsion: Solid fuel is used in solid propulsion. Generally, the fuel is aluminum powder. Solid

propulsion has the advantage of being easily stored and can be handled in fuelled condition. It can reach

very high speeds quickly. Its simplicity also makes it a good choice whenever large amount of thrust is

needed.

(ii) Liquid Propulsion: The liquid propulsion technology uses liquid as fuel. The fuels are hydrocarbons.

The storage of missile with liquid fuel is difficult and complex. In addition, preparation of missile takes

considerable time. In liquid propulsion, propulsion can be controlled easily by restricting the fuel flow by

using valves and it can also be controlled even under emergency conditions. Basically, liquid fuel gives

high specific impulse as compared to solid fuel.

(ii) Hybrid Propulsion: There are two stages in hybrid propulsion solid propulsion and liquid

propulsion. This kind of propulsion compensates the disadvantages of both propulsion systems and has

the combined advantages of the two propulsion systems.

(iii) Ramjet: A ramjet engine does not have any turbines unlike turbojet engines. It achieves

compression of intake air just by the forward speed of the air vehicle. The fuel is injected and ignited. The

expansion of hot gases after fuel injection and combustion accelerates the exhaust air to a velocity higher

than that at the inlet and creates positive push. However, the air entering the engine should be at

supersonic speeds. So, the aerial vehicle must be moving in supersonic speeds. Ramjet engines cannot

propel an aerial vehicle from zero to supersonic speeds.

(iv) Scramjet: Scramjet is an acronym for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. The difference between

scramjet and ramjet is that the combustion takes place at supersonic air velocities through the engine. It

is mechanically simple, but vastly more complex aerodynamically than a jet engine. Hydrogen is normally

the fuel used.

(v) Cryogenic: Cryogenic propellants are liquefied gases stored at very low temperatures, most

frequently liquid hydrogen as the fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. Cryogenic propellants require

special insulated containers and vents which allow gas to escape from the evaporating liquids. The liquid

fuel and oxidizer are pumped from the storage tanks to an expansion chamber and injected into the

combustion chamber where they are mixed and ignited by a flame or spark. The fuel expands as it burns

and the hot exhaust gases are directed out of the nozzle to provide thrust.

On the basis of Warhead:

(I) Conventional Warhead: A conventional warhead contains high energy explosives. It is filled with a

chemi al explosive and relies on the detonation of the explosive and the resulting metal casing

fragmentation as kill mechanisms.

(ii) Strategic Warhead: In a strategic warhead, radioactive materials are present and when triggered they

exhibit huge radio activity that can wipe out even cities. They are generally designed for mass

annihilation.

On the basis of Guidance Systems:

(I) Wire Guidance: This system is broadly similar to radio command, but is less susceptible to electronic

counter measures. The command signals are passed along a wire (or wires) dispensed from the missile

after launch.

(ii) Command Guidance: Command guidance involves tracking the projectile from the launch site or

platform and transmitting commands by radio, radar, or laser impulses or along thin wires or optical fibers.

Tracking might be accomplished by radar or optical instruments from the launch site or by radar or

television imagery relayed from the missile.

(iii) Terrain Comparison Guidance: Terrain Comparison (TERCOM) is used invariably by cruise

missiles. The system uses sensitive altimeters to measure the profile of the ground directly below and

checks the result against stored information.

(iv) Terrestrial Guidance: This system constantly measures star angles and compares them with the

pre-programmed angles expected on the missiles intended trajectory. The guidance system directs the

control system whenever an alteration to trajectory is required.

(v) Inertial Guidance: This system is totally contained within the missile and is programmed prior to

launch. Three accelerometers, mounted on a platform space-stabilized by gyros, measure accelerations

along three mutually perpendicular axes; these accelerations are then integrated twice, the first

integration giving velocity and the second giving position. The system then directs the control system to

preserve the pre-programmed trajectory. These systems are used in the surface-to-surface missiles and

in cruise missiles.

(vi) Beam Rider Guidance: The beam rider concept relies on an external ground or ship-based radar

station that transmits a beam of radar energy towards the target. The surface radar tracks the target and

also transmits a guidance beam that adjusts its angle as the target moves across the sky.

(vii) Laser Guidance: In laser guidance, a laser beam is focused on the target and the laser beam

reflects off the target and gets scattered. The missile has a laser seeker that can detect even miniscule

amount of radiation. The seeker provides the direction of the laser scatters to the guidance system. The

missile is launched towards the target, the seeker looks out for the laser reflections and the guidance

system steers the missile towards the source of laser reflections that is ultimately the target.

(viii) RF and GPS Reference: RF (Radio Frequency) and GPS (Global Positioning System) are

examples of technologies that are used in missile guidance systems. A missile uses GPS signal to

determine the location of the target. Over the course of its flight, the weapon uses this information to send

commands to control surfaces and adjusts its trajectory. In a RF reference, the missile uses RF waves to

locate the target.

List of Indian Missiles

General Awareness

Missile Name Origin Type Range Speed

Air-to-air missiles

Astra Missile India Air-to-Air Missiles 60 80 km Mach 4 +

K-100 Russia &

India Medium Range air-to-air missile 300400 km Mach 3.3

Surface-To-Air Missiles

Akash Missile India Medium-range surface-to-air

missile 30-35km

Mach 2.5

to 3.5

Barak 8 Israel/India Long Range surface to air

Missile 100 km Mach 2

Defense Missile

Prithvi Air Defense

(PAD) India

Exeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic

missile

Altitude-

80km Mach 5+

Advanced Air Defense

(AAD) India

Endoatmospheric Anti-ballistic

missile

Altitude-

30km Mach 4.5

Prithvi Defense

Vehicle (PDV) India

Exeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic

missile

Altitude-

120km

Cruise Missiles

Nirbhay India Subsonic cruise missile(Ship,

submarine, aircraft and land)

1,000 -1500

km Mach 0.8

BrahMos Russia &

India

Supersonic cruise missile(Ship,

submarine, aircraft and land) 290 km

Mach 2.8

to 3 Mach

BrahMos II India Hypersonic cruise missile(Ship,

submarine, aircraft and land) 300km Mach 7

Surface-to-surface missiles

Agni-I India Medium-range ballistic missile

(MRBM) 700-1250 km Mach 7.5

Agni-II India Intermediate-range ballistic

missile(IRBM)

2,0003,000 km

Mach 12

Agni-III India Intermediate-range ballistic

missile(IRBM)

3,500 km 5,000 km

56 km/s

Agni-IV India Intermediate-range ballistic

missile(IRBM)

3,000 4,000 km

Mach 7

Agni-V India Intercontinental ballistic

missile(ICBM)

5000 8000Km

Mach 24

Prithvi I India Short Range Ballistic

Missile(Tactical) 150 km

Prithvi II India Short Range Ballistic

Missile(Tactical) 350 km

Dhanush India Short Range Ballistic

Missile(Tactical)

350 600 km

Prahaar(Pragati) India Short Range Ballistic

Missile(Tactical) 150 km Mach 2.03

Shaurya India Medium-Range Ballistic Missile

(MRBM)

750 to 1,900

km Mach 7.5

Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles

Sagarika (K-15) India Ballistic Missile 700 1900Km

Mach 7+

K-4 India Ballistic Missile 3,5005,000 km

Mach 7+

K-5 India Ballistic Missile 6,000 km

Anti-Tank Missile

Nag India Anti-Tank Guided Missile 4km 230 m/s

Helina(HELIcopter

launched NAg) India Anti-Tank Guided Missile

7-8km

Nicknames of famous Personalities

General Awareness

S.No Nickname Person

1 Akbar of Kashmir Jainul Abdin

2 Andhra Kesari T. Prakasam

3 Anna C.N. Annadurai

4 Babuji Jagjeevan Ram

5 Banga bandhu Sheikh Mujibut Rahman

6 Bard of Avon William Shakespeare

7 Bengal Kesari Ashutosh Mukherji

8 Bengali Tiger,Punjab Kesari,Lal,

Bal

Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin

Chandra Pal

9 Bihar Kesari Dr. Srikrishna Singh

10 Bihar Vibhuti Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh

11 Bird man of India Salim Ali

12 C. R. / Rajaji Chakravarti Rajagopalachari

13 Chacha,Pandit ji Jawaharlal Nehru

14 Deen bandhu C.F. Andrews

15 Desert Fox Gen Ervin Rommel

16 Desh bandhu Chitta Ranjan Das

17 Desh Ratna, Ajatshatru Dr. Rajendra Prasad

18 Deshpriya Yatindra Mohan Sengupta

19 Enlightened One Lord Buddha

20 Father of English Poetry Geoffery Chaucer

21 Father of Gujarat Ravi Shankar Maharaj

22 Father of Medicine Hippocrates

23 Father of the Local Self-

Government Lord Rippon

24 Father of the Nation,Bapu,Mahatma Mahatma Gandhi

25 Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

26 Fuehrer Adolf Hitler

27 G.B.S George Bernard Shaw

28 Grand Old man of Britain Willium E. Gladstone

29 Grand Old man of India Dadabhai Naoroji

30 Grand old man of Indian Journalism Tushar Kanti Ghosh

31 Grandfather of Indian Films Dhundiraj Govind Phalke

32 Guruji M.S. Golvalkar

33 Haryana Hurricane Kapil Dev

34 II Duce Benito Mussolini

35 Indian Einstein Nagarjuna

36 Jana Nayak Karpuri Thakur

37 King Maker Earl of Warwick

38 King Maker of Indian History Sayyed Bandhu

39 Kuvempu K.V. Puttappa

40 Lady with the lamp Florence Nightinga

41 Li-Kwan Pearl Buck

42 Little Corporal,Man of Destiny Napoleon Bonaparte

43 Little Master Sunil Gavaskar

44 Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak

45 Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan

46 Machiavelli of India Chanakya

47 Magician of Hockey Dhyanchand

48 Mahamana, Prince of Beggars Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya

49 Maid of Orleans Joan of Arc

50 Maiden Queen Queen Elizabeth I

51 Man of Blood and Iron Otto Van Bismark

52 Man of Peace Lal Bahadur Shastri

53 Martin Luther of India Dayanand Saraswati

54 Morning Star of India Renaissance Raja Ram Mohan Roy

55 Mother Mother Teresa

56 Mysore Tiger Tippu Sultan

57 Napoleon of India Samudra Gupta

58 Neta Ji, Patriot of Patriots Subhash Chandra Bose

59 Nightingale of India Sarojini Naidu

60 Parrot of India, Tota-e-hind Amir Khushro

61 Poets Poet Edmund Spencer

62 Prince of Autobiography Babur

63 Prince of Builders Shahjahan

64 Prince of Martyrs, Sahid-e-Azam Bhagat Singh

65 Prince of Money Makers Muhammad bin Tughlaq

66 Prince of Pilgrims Hiuen Tsang

67 Punjab Kesari Lala Lajpat Rai

68 Quaid-I-Azam Md. Ali Jinnah

69 Rajashree Purushottam Das Tandon

70 Sage of Kanchi Sankaracharya

71 Scourage of God Chengiz khan

72 Shakespeare of India Mahakavi Kalidas

73 Sher-e-Kashmir,Lion of Kashmir Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah

74 Sparrow Major General Rajinder Singh

75 Strong (Iron) Man of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

76 Swar Kokila Lata Mangeshkar

77 Tau Chaudhury Devi Lal

78 Udanpari P.T. Usha

79 Uncle Ho Ho Chi Minh

80 Vishwa Kavi,Kaviguru,Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore

81 Young Turk Chandra Shekhar

Large Dams in India Complete List

General Awareness

Large dams of India

Note: Dam list taken from Water Resources Information System of India(india-wris.nrsc.gov.in)

S.No Dam Name River State Height

(m)

Length

(m)

Storage

capacity

(MCM)

1 Tehri Dam Bhagirathi Uttarakhand 260.5 575 3540

2 Lakhwar

Dam Yamuna Uttarakhand 204 451 580

3 Idukki Dam Periyar Kerala 169 366 1996.3

4 Bhakra Dam Satluj Himachal

Pradesh 167.64 518.16

5 Pakal Dul

Dam Marusudar

Jammu &

Kashmir 167 305 0.1254

6

Sardar

Sarover

Gujarat Dam

Narmada Gujarat 163 1210 9500

7

Srisailam

(N.S.R.S.P)

Dam

Krishna Andhra

Pradesh 145 512 8722

8 Ranjit Sagar

Dam Ravi Punjab 145 617 3.28

9 Baglihar

Dam CHENAB

Jammu &

Kashmir 143 364.362 428.28

10 Chemera I

Dam Ravi

Himachal

Pradesh 140 295 391.3

11 Cheruthoni

(Eb) Dam Cheruthoni Kerala 138.38 651 1996.3

12 Pong Dam Beas Himachal

Pradesh 132.59 1950.7 8570

13 Jamrani Dam Gola Uttarakhand 130.6 465 208.6

14

Subansiri

Lower HE

(Nhpc) Dam

Subansiri Arunachal

Pradesh 130 284 1365

15 Ramganga

Dam Ramganga Uttarakhand 127.5 630 2448

16 Nagarjuna

Sagar Dam Krishna

Andhra

Pradesh 124.66 4865 11561.3

17 Kakki (Eb)

Dam Kakki Kerala 116.13 336.19 455.02

18 Nagi Dam Nagi Bihar 113.5 1884 10.8029

19

Salal

(Rockfill

And

Concrete )

Dam

Chenab Jammu &

Kashmir 113 487 28.5

20 Lakhya Dam Lakhya hole Karnataka 108 1048 273.79

21 Sholayar

Dam Sholayar Tamil Nadu 105.16 1244.18 152.7

22 Koyna Dam Koyna Maharashtra 103.02 807.72 2980.68

23 Idamalayar

(Eb) Dam Idamalayar Kerala 102 373 1089.8

24 Supa Dam Kali Nadi Karnataka 101 331.29 4178

25 Karjan Dam Karjan Gujarat 100 903 630

26 Kulamavu

(Eb) Dam Kilivillithode Kerala 100 385 1996.3

27 Koteshwar

Dam Bhagirathi Uttarakhand 97.5 300.5 88.9

28 Lower :

PPSP Dam West Bengal 95 310 16

29 Doyang Hep

Dam Doyang Nagaland 92 462 565

30 Rihand Dam Rihand Uttar

Pradesh 91.46 932 10600

31

Indira Sagar

(NHDC)

Dam

Narmada Madhya

Pradesh 91.4 654 12200

32 Warna Dam Varna Maharashtra 88.8 1580 974.188

33 Bhatsa Dam Bhatsa and

chorna Maharashtra 88.5 959 976.1

34 Pillur Dam Bhavani Tamil Nadu 88 357 44.4

35

Upper

Kodayar

Dam

Kodayar Tamil Nadu 88 166 98.51

36 Minimata

(Hasdeo) Hasdeo Chhattisgarh 87 554.5 3417

Bango Dam

37 Jakham Main

Dam

Jakham

(mahi) Rajasthan 87 253 142.02

38

Teesta -V

(NHPC)

Dam

Teesta Sikkim 86.8 176.5 13.5

39

Lower

Ghatghar

Dam

Maharashtra 86.14 449 3.21

40

Kallada

(Parappar)

(Id) Dam

Kallada Kerala 85.35 335 524

41 Madupetty

(Eb) Dam Palar Kerala 85.34 237.74 55.23

42 Parbati II

Dam Parbati

Himachal

Pradesh 85 101.5 6.55

43 Chakra Dam Chakra Karnataka 84 570 222.6

44 Bandardhara

Dam Paravara Maharashtra 82.35 2717 312.6

45

Lower

Vaitarna

Dam

Vaitarna Maharashtra 82 567.07 204.98

46 Ukai Dam Tapi Gujarat 81 4927 7497

47 Upper Aliyar

Dam Aliyar Tamil Nadu 81 315

48 Aruna Dam Aruna Maharashtra 80.41 1240 93.378

49

Upper

Bhavani

Dam

Bhavani Tamil Nadu 80 419 101.2

50 Podagada

Dam Podagada 77.5 462 2300