7/29/2019 Important Data for Ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/important-data-for-ppt 1/6

"The number of patent applications by Indians comprised only 0.3 per cent of the

total applications filed in the world, a disappointing figure for a country with a share

of 17 per cent of the world population

"According to an international survey of universities, not a single Indian university

figures in the list of top 200 universities in the world. While in the global list we didnot figure at all, we had only 11 institutes in the best 300 Asian universities

the young workforce of the country should be tapped and the country should

"channelise the productive energy of youth" which has the potential to transform

the economic fortunes.

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news/38904530_1_patent-

applications-top-200-universities-indian-universities

Highlights of the Recent Thomson Reuters Report

In 2010, India’s share of world research output was 3.5%.

India’s share of world’s research output was on a decline from 3.1% in 1981 till

the mid-1990s, and regained the 3.1% mark only in 2007. The current trend is

therefore an ascending one. [As a benchmark, China’s share of world publications

increased from 2.5% in 1996 to 11.7% in 2010, placing it at #2 globally!].

In terms of disciplines, India’s share of world publications was highest in

Agricultural Sciences, Plant and Animal Sciences and Chemistry in 1981. In 2010,

the three disciplines in which India had the highest shares were Chemistry,

Materials Science and Agricultural Sciences.

Indian research still has relatively low impact, though this has improved over

time. In 1981-85, India’s citation impact was 0.35 (compared to a world average of 

1). By 2006-10, this had improved to 0.68.

The disciplines in which Indian research has the highest citation impact are

Psychiatry/Psychology (0.99), Engineering (0.95) and Physics (0.82). This means

that the citation impact of research in India is below the world average in every

discipline, but in at least two disciplines we are approaching the world average,

In the period 2006-10, 20% of Indian papers received more than the world

average of citations, and 35% received less than the world average. 45% of Indian

papers received no citations at all.

2.7% of India’s papers received more than 4 times the world average of citations,

and are labeled as highly cited papers. In 2006-10, Engineering had the highest

7/29/2019 Important Data for Ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/important-data-for-ppt 2/6

proportion of highly cited papers (6.5%) and shows an upward trend on this

dimension, while both Chemistry and Physics showed a downward trend in highly

cited papers.

India has 2.3% of the world’s researchers and accounts for 1.6% of world

spending on R&D. India’s spending on R&D per researcher is about 80% more thanthat of China, but about half that of the US (in 2007, in PPP dollar terms).

What Needs to be Done

 The good news from this report is clearly that the downward trend of research

output that began in 1981 was arrested by the mid-1990s, and India’s research

output has subsequently been on an upward trajectory. It is important that this

trajectory be maintained.

 The efforts in recent years to improve funding for Science & Technology, enhance

the working conditions in academia and research institutions, and evangelise

science education appear to have paid off. The government has programmes like

INSPIRE that provide encouragement to budding young scientists. Tighter

accreditation of the universities under the revised NAC guidelines and the new

appraisal processes for faculty introduced by the UGC should also create pressure to

enhance research output across disciplines. So, overall, I suspect that volume

increases will not be difficult to sustain.

However, increasing quality is a much trickier issue. Here a more focused effort may

be required. The Thomson Reuters report has classified different fields according to

a combination of output and impact. There are three fields – Engineering, Physics

and Materials Science – that are the “stars,” i.e. above the Indian average on both

share of world research output and citation impact. These may be the best bets for

the future. Three other fields – Psychology, Computing and the Social Sciences are

above average on citation impact but not on output – these offer the opportunity to

scale up without losing quality. Of course, a more careful examination of resources,

distinctive research opportunities from India, and the existence of a critical mass of 

researchers will be required before research priorities can be decided upon.

Having higher impact is also related to which journals you publish in. Journals with

high impact factors tend to have larger citation impact. Building the right research

agendas, being a part of the right networks, skills and aspirations to publish in the

top journals are important to be successful in such an endeavor. Some

7/29/2019 Important Data for Ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/important-data-for-ppt 3/6

incentivisation to target higher impact journals may also help. At IIMB, our research

incentives that are sharply skewed in favour of publishing in higher ranked journals

have had some positive impact.

In expanding research output, we need to take some precautions as well. One is to

make sure that we guard against fraud. Increased pressure for research

performance and incentives linked to output will put our academics whose research

skills are poor or rusty at a disadvantage. Some of them may be tempted to resort

to fraud to meet institutional requirements for promotion. India is already known as

a major source of research fraud, and we will need to put in place better verification

and validation processes if we need to prevent this from spreading. A second and

related measure is to put in place support systems like mentoring and faculty

development programmes to help faculty sharpen their research skills

http://jugaadtoinnovation.blogspot.in/2013/07/indias-research-output-quantity.html

For comparative tables, open-

http://www.dst.gov.in/whats_new/whats_new12/report.pdf 

To foster innovation, India must become the beacon, the safe haven that respects and rewards intellectual property, a

society that upholds and strengthens international commitments, and one that protects intellectual property rights with

a vengeance to spur and incentivise innovation.

The Indian government, recognising the power of innovation to kick-start socio-economic transformation, declared

2010-2020 as the "Decade of Innovation."

Just last year, the Government of India released its draft National IPR strategy, which is comprehensive. Still, over 

the same period, India has erected barriers to international trade and investment across the full range of IP-intensive

industries.

Its limitations on foreign direct investment and preferential market access policies have limited investment in critical

ICT infrastructure development and trade in high-tech products, limiting India's ability to compete in the global

innovation economy.

The Indian Patent Controller has revoked patents and has compulsorily licensed biopharmaceutical products,

creating an unpredictable environment for future investment in innovation and R&D.

7/29/2019 Important Data for Ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/important-data-for-ppt 4/6

There are grave concerns about intellectual property protection in India. The need for innovation is essential to the

well-being of every nation.

[https://www.google.co.in/url?

sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDMQFjAB&ur

l=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fmoney%2Fslide-show%2Fslide-show-1-column-why-india-lags-behind-in-innovation

%2F20130708.htm&ei=gmYfUt3lG8T7rAf4n4CIAQ&usg=AFQjCNF3sXna7yk 

pXyYWpbwMJki6uoMwiA&sig2=ujY529Os6cvS1suOmN6gvg]

India fails to deliver on promises to boost science budget

In January, prime minister Manmohan Singh said the country should aim to double

its research

expenditure by 2017, to reach 2% of its gross domestic product. Under a new policy

on

science, technology and innovation, India was supposed to be increasing its number

of scientists by 66% by 2017, and enhance private-sector participation in research;

the

spending targets were also proposed in a five-year plan released in December 2012.

But the government’s proposals in India’s 2013–14 budget, released last week,

indicate

that it is actually trying to cut research spending. Nine research departments* share

some

US$6.9 billion, a mere 4% more than budgeted for 2012–13, and below the rate of 

inflation.

the previous year’s budget for those departments was subsequently reviseddownwards by

some 30%, so that some reports

http://blogs.nature.com/news/2013/03/indiafailstodeliveronpromisestoboostscienceb

udget.html

7/29/2019 Important Data for Ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/important-data-for-ppt 5/6

Budget 2013: Hidden rural innovations to get Rs 200 crore fund

He started an edible oil business quickly, but his mind was ticking even as he watched the

business grow. All around him in the state were cassava processing plants that were energy-

intensive, water-intensive, and polluting. With over 800 functioning units, cassava-processingwas a big business in Tamil Nadu. Could he make them more economical and

environmentfriendly? By 1998, he had developed a machine that uses substantially less water 

and less energy, but he needed money to commercialise it. He got his break in 2006, when he

got a Rs 5.45 lakh grant from the department of science and technology (DST) to apply for a

patent. Last year, he got an award of Rs 5 lakh for the best commercialisable patent.

On budget day, Finance Minister P Chidambaram announced a special Rs 200-crore fund toscale up inventions like Rayar's grinding machine. He has closed his edible oil business and isnow operating a 20-tonne-per-day cassava-processing plant, and is all set to take his inventionto the market. "It takes Rs 50-60 lakh of investment to set up a commercial plant," says Rayar.Villages of India are teeming with innovations that go unnoticed, as many of them fall by the

wayside through lack of funding. Anil Gupta's fund, for example, has about 70 inventions readyfor commercialisation.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/emerging-businesses/startups/budget-2013-

hiddenrural-innovations-to-get-rs-200-crore-fund/articleshow/18784677.cms

graph of patents- http://www.teriin.org/div/briefing_paper_patents.pdf 

7/29/2019 Important Data for Ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/important-data-for-ppt 6/6

imp link- http://idjankit.wordpress.com/tag/lack-in-research-and-innovation/