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ISSN 2319-8885
Vol.02,Issue.18,
December-2013,
Pages:2151-2160
Copyright @ 2013 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI
1, R.V.KRISHNAIAH
2
1PG Scholar, Dept of ECE, DRK Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, AP-NDIA, E-mail: [email protected].
2Principal, Dept of ECE, DRK Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, AP-NDIA, E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: The concept of intelligent homes has attracted the attention of a number of researchers and practitioners during the
last years. Most of these recent techniques focus on exploiting wireless communications to communicate with the devices. The
idea of using Bluetooth as a cable replacement for home automation. However, no implementation details are given. Based on
RF modules an automation system was developed. A cost-effective solution that uses a Field Programmable Gate Array
(FPGA) controller at the core of the system to provide the intelligence for the home system. The controller interfaces to a
receiver device through the RF modules communications port to allow monitoring, configuration, and switching of devices.
This allows the user to set the home environment according to the personal needs. The hardware inside the FPGA was
developed using the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language (VHDL). A modular
approach was taken such that the design and test phases are simplified and scalability is facilitated. Most of the modules were
developed using Finite State Machines (FSM).our project is implemented with the RF modules to increase the Range of
communication. In this all modules coded in VHDL and demonstrated on the FPGA Board.
Keywords: Processing Element (PE), Motion Estimation (ME), Residue-and-Quotient Code Generation (RQCG), Test Code
Generator (TCG).
I. INTRODUCTION
Home automation is the residential extension of building
automation. It is automation of the home, housework or
household activity. Home automation may include
centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation
and air conditioning), appliances, security locks of gates
and doors and other systems, to provide improved
convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security.
Home automation for the elderly and disabled can provide
increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise
require caregivers or institutional care. The popularity of
home automation has been increasing greatly in recent
years due to much higher affordability and simplicity
through Smartphone and tablet connectivity. The concept
of the "Internet of Things" has tied in closely with the
popularization of home automation.
A home automation system integrates electrical devices
in a house with each other. The techniques employed in
home automation include those in building automation as
well as the control of domestic activities, such as home
entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet
feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for different
events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic
robots. Devices may be connected through a computer
network to allow control by a personal computer, and may
allow remote access from the internet. Through the
integration of information technologies with the home
environment, systems and appliances are able to
communicate in an integrated manner which results in
convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits.
Automated homes of the future have been staple exhibits
for World's Fairs and popular backgrounds in science
fiction. However, problems with complexity, competition
between vendors, multiple incompatible standards, and the
resulting expense have limited the penetration of home
automation to homes of the wealthy or ambitious
hobbyists. Possibly the first "home computer" was an
experimental home automation system in 1966.
Home appliances are electrical/mechanical machines
which accomplish some household functions, such as
cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified
into:
1. Major appliances or White goods
2. Small appliances or Brown goods
3. Consumer electronics or Shiny goods
II. ABOUT HOME AUTOMATION
Home automation refers to the use of computer and
information technology to control home appliances and
features (such as windows or lighting). Systems can range
from simple remote control of lighting through to complex
computer/micro-controller based networks with varying
degrees of intelligence and automation. Home automation
is adopted for reasons of ease, security and energy
CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI, R.V.KRISHNAIAH
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
efficiency. In modern construction in industrialized
nations, most homes have been wired for electrical power,
telephones, TV outlets (cable or antenna), and a doorbell.
Many household tasks were automated by the development
of specialized appliances. For instance, automatic washing
machines were developed to reduce the manual labor of
cleaning clothes, and water heaters reduced the labor
necessary for bathing. Other traditional household tasks,
like food preservation and preparation have been
automated in large extent by moving them into factory
settings, with the development of pre-made, pre-packaged
foods, and in some countries, such as the United States,
increased reliance on commercial food preparation
services, such as fast food restaurants. Volume production
and the factory setting allow forms of automation that
would be impractical or too costly in a home setting.
Standardized foods enable possible further automation of
handling the food within the home.
The use of gaseous or liquid fuels, and later the use of
electricity enabled increased automation in heating,
reducing the labor necessary to manually refuel heaters and
stoves. Development of thermostats allowed more
automated control of heating, and later cooling. As the
number of controllable devices in the home rises,
interconnection and communication becomes a useful and
desirable feature. For example, a furnace can send an alert
message when it needs cleaning or a refrigerator when it
needs service. Rooms will become "intelligent" and will
send signals to the controller when someone enters. If no
one is supposed to be home and the alarm system is set, the
system could call the owner, or the neighbors, or an
emergency number.
A. SYSTEM ELEMENTS
Elements of a home automation system include sensors
(such as temperature, daylight, or motion detection),
controllers (such as a general-purpose personal computer
or a dedicated automation controller) and actuators, such as
motorized valves, light switches, motors, and others. One
or more human-machine interface devices are required, so
that the residents of the home can interact with the system
for monitoring and control; this may be a specialized
terminal or, increasingly, may be an application running on
a smart phone or tablet computer. Devices may
communicate over dedicated wiring, or over a wired
network, or wirelessly using one or more protocols.
Building automation networks developed for institutional
or commercial buildings may be adapted to control in
individual residences. A centralized controller can be used,
or multiple intelligent devices can be distributed around the
home.
B. Tasks
1 HVAC
2 Lighting
3 Audio-visual
4 Shading
5 Securities
6 Intercoms
7 Domestic robotics (domestics)
8 Other systems
Home automation technologies are viewed as integral
additions to the Smart grid. The ability to control lighting,
appliances, HVAC as well as Smart Grid applications (load
shedding, demand response, real-time power usage and
price reporting) will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives
are rolled out. Green Automation is the term coined to
describe energy management strategies in home
automation when data from smart grids is combined with
home automation systems to use resources at either their
lowest prices or highest availability, taking advantage, for
instance, of high solar panel output in the middle of the day
to automatically run washing machines.
The requirement for a suitable technology that enhances
the quality of life in homes has always been at the center of
research. User needs that a home must satisfy can vary
from basic requirements to external and internal aesthetics
to comfort within the home. With the advancements in
technology, electrical appliances are filling the homes,
Providing more comfort to the dwellers and improved
entertainment systems. However, their proliferation and
costs related to electricity consumption are increasing user
demands for home automation systems. Yet, commercially
available solutions are still limited and most of the time
they are tailor-made for a customer, resulting in high costs.
III. IMPLEMENTATION
A. BLOCK DIAGRAM
(a) Home Automation Transmitter
(b) Home Automation-Receiver
Fig1. Home Automation Architecture
Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
B. Modules:
RF MODULE-TRANSMITTER
RF MODULE –RECEIVER
FPGA (Control and Monitoring Devices)
TERMINAL SOFTWARE
APPLIANCES.
1. RF MODULE-TRANSMITTER - RECEIVER:
An RF module (radio frequency module) is a (usually)
small electronic circuit used to transmit and/or receive
radio signals on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF
modules are widely used in electronic design owing to the
difficulty of designing radio circuitry. Good electronic
radio design is notoriously complex because of the
sensitivity of radio circuits and the accuracy of components
and layouts required achieving operation on a specific
frequency. Design engineers will design a circuit for an
application which requires radio communication and then
"drop in" a radio module rather than attempt a discrete
design, saving time and money on development. RF
modules are most often used in medium and low volume
products for consumer applications such as garage door
openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial remote
controls, smart sensor applications, and wireless home
automation systems. They are often used to replace older
infra red radio communication designs as they have the
advantage of not requiring line-of-sight operation.
A. Module application
Module has two modes: communication mode and
configure mode, it is determined by the status of CONFIG
pin when power on:
CONFIG=LOW. It enter communication mode for data
transmission
CONFIG=HIGH. It enter configure mode to setup work
parameters
B. Communication mode
If CONFIG pin is low when powering on, the module
will enter into communication mode. The module provides
RS232 connector to connect with PC or TLL level with
MCU directly.
Fig2. Communication Diagram
It can work properly with the default configuration
(default configure is 9600, 8N, 1. the module work
parameters can be set up via HM-TR setup tool. When the
serial data rate is below 9600bps HM-TR module supports
continuous Transmission and the maximum data stream
can reach 1000000bytes; however, the data transmitted
each time should not exceed 32bytes in high-speed
applications>9600bps. HM-TR module work in half-
duplex mode. When receiving 32 Bytes from the serial
port, it will send data out at once. If the data package
received is below 32 Bytes, the module will wait for about
30 ms and then send it. In order to send data immediately,
32 Bytes data per transmission is necessary. After each
transmission, HM-TR module will be switched to receiver
mode automatically. The switch time is about 5ms.
ENABLE pin is used to control the power consumption.
Once this pin is pulled down, the module will enter into
sleep mode immediately. Users can use this pin to control
the receiving duty circle.
C. Configuration mode
If the CONFIG pin is in high level when powering on,
the module will enter into configuration mode
automatically. In this mode the module communicates with
the host in fixed serial format 96008N.
Fig3. Configure mode connection
2. FPAG (Control and Monitoring Devices)
The number of control and monitoring devices attached
to the FPGA depend on the number of free input/output
ports available on the FPGA. Furthermore, the system can
be further expanded by cascading FPGAs or by
multiplexing data coming from different sensors. This
makes the system scalable. The devices connected to the
FPGA can use either a wired connection or a wireless one,
such as RF module or Infra-red. In this work wired
solutions were used, however, the interface can be easily
replaced by a wireless solution.
D. TERMINAL SOFTWARE
Terminal is a simple serial port (COM) terminal
emulation program. It can be used for communication with
different devices such as modems, routers, embedded
microcontroller or FPGA devices, C systems, GSM
phones, GPS modules... It is very useful debugging tool for
serial communication applications.
CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI, R.V.KRISHNAIAH
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
Fig4. Terminal Software
E. TCP/IP remote control
Terminal can also act like telnet server and listen on
selected TCP port. You can connect to it with any telnet
client program from another computer in network (or over
internet from different location) and see what's going on in
terminal and send commands etc. Implementing with
terminal emulator by sending the commands like a,b,c and
d. For ex: If send the command “a” it will send through
wireless by RF module transmitter. And received by FPGA
and RF module receiver and results will displayed as “61”.
That means ASCII value of “a” is 61 so that what the
command is passed by terminal software is which is
displayed in chipscope software. Now by receiving the
commands use to light on and off or fan on and off like
home appliances. This way by using terminal through RF
module doing the home automation appliances. Here
connected “a” with light1 accordingly switches on and off.
Likely all commands are connected to remaining switches.
By sending the “a” command light1 is on and send another
command “b” then light2 is on position and send another
command “c” then fan1 is on again send the commands “a”
it will show light1 off position likely all command are
resending it will take on and off position.
TABLE1:
IV. RESULTS
Fig5. Simulation Results
Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
Fig6. RF module receiver with FPGA
Fig7. RF Module Transmitter
V. SYNTHESIS REPORT
Timing Summary:
---------------
Speed Grade: -5
Minimum period: 8.191ns (Maximum Frequency:
122.084MHz)
Minimum input arrival time before clock: 1.731ns
Maximum output required time after clock: 7.995ns
Maximum combinational path delay: 2.191ns
VI. CHIPSCOPE RESULTS
A. CHIPSCOPE PRO ANALYSIS
The Xilinx ChipScope tools package has several
modules that can be added to the VHDL design to capture
input and output directly from the FPGA hardware.
ChipScope Pro Core Generator: Provides full
design generation capability for the IBERT core.
The user chooses the MGTs and parameters
governing the design, and the Core Generator uses
the Xilinx ISE toolset to produce a configuration
file.ChipScope.
Pro Analyzer: Provides device configuration,
project management, monitoring status and
controlling variables.
JTAG Scripting: JTAG scriptable command
interface makes it possible to interact with devices
in a JTAG chain from a Tcl shell .Tcl stands for
Tool Command Language. A Tcl shell is a shell
program that is used to run Tcl scripts. Tcl/JTAG
requires the Tcl shell that is included in the Xilinx
ISE 8.1i tool installation.
The Chip Scope Pro Analyzer tool supports the
following download cables for communication
between the PC and the devices in the JTAG
Boundary Scan chain:
Platform Cable USB
Parallel Cable IV
Parallel Cable III
MultiPRO (JTAG mode only)
Users can place the ICON, ILA cores (collectively
called the ChipScope Pro cores) into the design by
generating the cores with the ChipScope Pro Core
Generator and instantiating them into the HDL source
code. The design is then placed and routed using the Xilinx
ISE implementation tools. Next, the bit stream is
downloaded into the device under test and analysis of the
design is done with the ChipScope Pro Analyzer software.
Fig8. ChipScope Pro Systems
VII. IMPLEMENTATION WITH FPGA BY WITH
RF MODULE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER BY
TERMINAL IN CHIPSCOPE SIMULATION
First open Terminal command software and connect or
check for available com port. After connecting com port
click on connect command.
CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI, R.V.KRISHNAIAH
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
Now send the commands for
a= light_1=> it will sends the ASCII value as 61.
b =light_2 => it will sends the ASCII value as 62.
c= fan_1 => it will sends the ASCII value as 63.
d=fan_2 => it will sends the ASCII value as 64.
Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
A. CHIPSCOPE RESULTS
Here I send the command “a” which is equals light_1
equals “on” position if u send command “a” again an it
will indication of off. Similarly command b, c and d
commands.
You are going to see the light on and off in FPGA
BOARD.
CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI, R.V.KRISHNAIAH
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
Fig9. This is for command a so observe the signal as light1 is on position.
Fig10. This is again sending the command a it will shows the light signal as off position.
Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
Fig11. This is sending the all commands like a,b,c,d, and any bits the it will shows the all signal are in HIGH position
and error flag also high. These are the chipscope simulation results.
VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
An implementation of a home automation system using
an FPGA central controller was presented. The FPGA was
selected as, compared to microcontrollers, it provides a
larger number of input/output ports and the parallel
implementation of hardware results in faster algorithm
execution. The user interface on the RF module
communicates with the FPGA using the RF module
interface. This leads to a low cost system that can be easily
scaled up. Furthermore, pairing allows some level of
security to avoid network intrusion. Modelsim Xilinx
Edition will be used for functional simulation and
verification of results. Xilinx ISE will be used for
synthesis. The Xilinx’s chip scope tool will be used for
verifying the results on Spartan 3E FPGA.
In this paper home automation or appliances are done
by Using RF module through a Central FPGA
Controller.In future this can be implemented to control all
electronic appliances and mechanical appliances to make
digitized house.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] A. Alheraish, “Design and Implementation of Home
Automation System” IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 1087-1092, November
2004.
[2] Theodoros Giannakopoulos, Nicolas - Alexander
Tatlas, Todor Ganchev and Ilyas Potamitis, “A Practical,
Real-Time Speech-Driven Home Automation Front-end”
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No.
2, pp. 514-523, May 2005.
[3] A. R. Al-Ali and M. AL-Rousan, “Java-Based Home
Automation System”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 498-594, May 2004.
[4] Ali Ziya Alkar and Umit Buhur, “An Internet Based
Wireless Home Automation System for Multifunctional
Devices”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,
Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 1169-1174, November 2005.
[5] A. R. Al-Ali and M. AL-Rousan, “Java-Based Home
Automation System” , IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 498-594, May 2004.
[6] Juing-Huei Su, Chyi-Shyong Lee, and Wei-Chen Wu,
“The design and implementation of a low-cost and
programmable home automation module,” IEEE Trans.
Consumer Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 1239-1244, Nov
2006.
[7] Ali Ziya Alkar and Umit Buhur, “An Internet Based
Wireless Home Automation System for Multifunctional
Devices”, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No.
4, pp. 1169-1174, Nov 2005.
[8] Baris Yuksekkaya, A. Alper Kayalar, M. Bilgehan
Tosun, M. Kaan Ozcan, and Ali Ziya Alkar, K. Elissa, “A
GSM, internet and speech controlled wireless interactive
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CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI, R.V.KRISHNAIAH
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160
Author’s Profile:
Chandra Sekhar Rayi, has
completed B.Tech (E.C.E) from
Kakinada Institute of Engineering &
Technology, pursuing M.Tech in
DRK institute of science and
technology, JNTUH, Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India. Her main
research interest includes in
Electronics, Embedded & VLSI Systems.
Dr.R.V.Krishnaiah, did M.Tech
(EIE) from NIT Waranagal, MTech
(CSE) form JNTU, Ph.D, from
JNTU Ananthapur, He has
memberships in professional bodies
MIE, MIETE, MISTE. His main
research interests include Image
Processing, Security systems,
Sensors, Intelligent Systems, Computer networks, Data
mining, Software Engineering, network protection and
security control. He has published many papers and
Editorial Member and Reviewer for some national and
international journals.