IMPERIALISM

SOUTH AFRICA

THE DUTCH CAPE COLONY 1652

• Established 1652 to resupply ships• Boers(Dutch for “farmers”) take over Africans’

land & estab. Large farms• Boers are also known as Afrikaners – speak a

simplified version of Dutch: “Afrikaan”• Feel they are racially superior to African people• By 1790 pop. 15,000 (10,000 slaves)• Fear uprising – force free Africans to carry I.D.

passes when leaving work

British Cape Colony1806

• South Africa is rich in gold & diamonds• 1806 – British capture Cape colony &

impose British law on Afrikaners• Brit’s continue segregation forcing African

peoples to live far from white settlements

Diamond Mining

The Great Trek1830-1840

• Afrikaners try to escape Brit’s by “trekking” north

Shaka Zulu1787-1828

The African Wars

• Zulus – descendents of Bantu speaking peoples (Shosa, Zulu, Sotho)

• Boers/Afrikaners come into conflict with Zulus on the Great Trek

• Zulus led by Shaka – used military strategies (horns of the bull) and disciplined warriors

Battle of Blood River1838

• 1838 Afrikaners defeat Zulus (spears & shields no match for guns)

• Conquest of all South Africans complete in late 1880’s

• Afrikaners pass laws to control movement of Africans and force them to work on white owned farms

The Boer War 1899 -1902

• Boers resist British with guerrilla tactics & commando

raids• British burn crops and force

women & children into concentration camps (20,000 die)

• 1st Total War

Union of South Africa 1910

• Brits defeat Boers – combine old Cape Colony & Boer republics as self-governing nation

• Constitution: gives small white minority power (votes/control gov’t.) over large black majority

Native Lands Act 1913

• Whites enact laws which limit, confine, & exploit black Africans

APARTHEID Acts 1948

• National policy of racial separation• Blacks are forced to move to “reserves”

(worthless land)• Must carry passbooks (I.D.)• Native Lands Act: reserves 90% of land

for whites• Blacks forbidden in white areas unless

working

Passbook

Soweto

Soweto Uprising

Peaceful Protest Marchers

Soweto Riots

Steven BikoAnti-Apartheid and Black

Consciousness Leader1946-1977