imperialism - marshfield high...
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IMPERIALISM
Alaska
William Seward – Sec. of State – purchased from
Russia for $7 million.
Twice the size of Texas
Nicknamed Seward’s Folly or Seward’s Icebox
1890 gold found there
IMPERIALISM
Hawaii
Grew sugar that was sold in the US
King Kamehameha – 1st ruler of all of the Hawaiian islands together – issued a constitution in 1840
1875 – treaty between US and Hawaii – they didn’t have to pay tariff to the US
1890 – McKinley tariff passed – Hawaii had to pay tariff
Hawaii now had to compete with US and other sugar growers
IMPERIALISM
Queen Liliouokulani – new leader (did not like US
influence)
1893 – Queen Lil made herself absolute monarch
Americans in Hawaii revolt against her and win, Queen
Lil kicked off throne
US says Hawaii was now under US protection
Cleveland tries to give Hawaii back to Queen Lil,
leaders of the revolt say no… “Either Hawaii becomes
a state or a republic-but not back to Queen Lil”
IMPERIALISM
Policing the Western Hemisphere
James G. Blaine – Sec. of State
Organizes the pan-American Conference –all
countries in the Western Hemisphere attend
Held in Washington 1889
IMPERIALISM
Chilean Crisis 1891-1892
Civil War between the President and Congress
US sides with the President – He lost
Chile is angry with the US
IMPERIALISM
Venezuela and Great Britain argue over
boundary
US says the Monroe Doctrine gives them the
right to help Venezuela against Europe
IMPERIALISM
Spanish American War
1895 Cuba was the last important Spanish colony in
the Western Hemisphere
Cuba wants independence
1896 rebels were being placed in Reconcentrados –
concentration camps
McKinley sent the USS Maine to Havana to help
Americans in Cuba
IMPERIALISM
USS Maine is sunk
Explosion occurs – 200 people killed
Spanish are blamed, but there is no proof
April 1898 McKinley removes American forces
completely – too late
IMPERIALISM
First battles took place in the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo – revolutionary tried to gain
independence from Spain
Americans seen as allies to help gain
independence
After defeating the Spanish, America refused his
leadership and took over control of the
Philippines themselves
IMPERIALISM
Teddy Roosevelt enlisted to help lead a
volunteer cavalry called the Rough Riders
Led a charge up San Juan Hill in Cuba
Puerto Rico taken easily
War ended in a few weeks
IMPERIALISM
Reasons for US involvement in the Spanish
American War
American investments in Cuba
Spanish misrule in Cuba
Yellow journalism
De Loma letter
Sinking of the Maine
IMPERIALISM
America Expands Further
After the Spanish American War the US acquired
Puerto Rico and Guam
The US said they would maintain control of Manila
in the Philippines
Later they demand all of the Philippines and give
$20 million to Spain for it
Peace Treaty signed in December of 1898
IMPERIALISM
US was now an empire – many Americans were Anti-Imperialists and were against America taking the Philippines without their consent
McKinley assassinated by Leon Czolgosz (anarchist) and Teddy Roosevelt took over as President
March 1901 Aguinaldo – leader of Philippine revolt captured
1946 Philippines granted independence
IMPERIALISM
Open Door Notes
Great Britain-France-Germany force China to
allow them to develop a sphere of influence
there for economic reasons
US (Sec. of State Hay) writes to those
involved and says all countries should be able
to trade with China
IMPERIALISM
Boxer Rebellion – 1900
The Boxers were against the foreigners that were
ruling their country – They wanted to rid their
country of “Foreign Devils” a multi-national
force (including the US) put down the rebellion
2nd Open Door Note – from Sec. of State Hay to
European powers stated there would be no carving
up of China, Independence for China
IMPERIALISM
Roosevelt and his Canal
1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty – US and GB would
build a Canal together
1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty – US would build and
maintain a Canal, but others could use it
Choice between Nicaragua or Panama – France had
made an unsuccessful attempt to create a Canal in
Panama and US picked up the rights from the
French
IMPERIALISM
Panama was part of Columbia and they wanted
more money than the US offered for the
territory
The US aided Panama in a successful revolt
against Columbia
The US paid $10 million to Panama and agreed
to pay $250,000 a year to lease the Canal Zone
IMPERIALISM
Construction took 7 years – Malaria and Yellow
Fever slowed the progress – Dr. Gorgas drained
the swamps and spread kerosene to kill
mosquitoes carrying the disease
1914 – Canal finished – Teddy Roosevelt takes
credit for it
1978 – Jimmy Carter signs a treaty to return
control to Panama at the end of the century
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