SEMINAR ON WIDENING PARTICIPATION IN SEMINAR ON WIDENING PARTICIPATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA AND THE UKHIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA AND THE UK

SPONSORED BY UKIERISPONSORED BY UKIERI2626thth –28 –28thth February February

KOLKATA, INDIAKOLKATA, INDIA

THEMETHEME:: THE EDUCATION SYSTEM:OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO ACCESS; THE EDUCATION SYSTEM:OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO ACCESS; PROVIDING FOR WIDER PARTICIPATIONPROVIDING FOR WIDER PARTICIPATION

TITLE OF THE PAPERTITLE OF THE PAPER:: IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIATO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA MS PONNI IYERMS PONNI IYER

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

THE TWO FACES OF INDIATHE TWO FACES OF INDIA

INDIA IS THE WORLD’S SECOND MOST POPULOUS COUNTRY AND THE SEVENTH

LARGEST COUNTRY BY AREA. SINCE THE 1980S THE COUNTRY’S LEVEL OF

DEVELOPMENT HAS IMPROVED SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT THERE ARE STILL WIDE

DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE, EDUCATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE.

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

Despite government attempts at improving education for all its citizens, India still has one of the lowest female literacy rates in Asia. There are 330 million women above the age of 7 in India. Today about 60 percent, or over 200 million, are illiterate

Reference source : www.islamonline.net ;Unus S; Islam Online, Washington DC ;The Education of Women in India

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA- THE TOTAL PICTUREHIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA- THE TOTAL PICTURE

TABLE 1. HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA (2003-04)*

TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS NUMBERSI. UNIVERSITIES 2172. INSTITUTION DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY 743. INSTITUTIONS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE 134. RESEARCH INSTITUTES 85TOTAL 389II- COLLEGES 1. GENERAL EDUCATION 94272. ENGG., TECH & ARCH. 10683. MEDICAL (ALLO/AYUR/HOMEO/ UNANI) 7834. TEACHERS TRAINING 9005. OTHERS (LAW,/MGT./ MCA/ IT/AGRI ETC.) 1991 TOTAL 14169Referencesource http://www.education.nic.in/pdfs/Table5NumberofInstitutions.pdf:

*Provisional 

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA- THE TOTAL PICTUREHIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA- THE TOTAL PICTURE

TABLE 2. INSTITUTIONS RUNNING DIPLOMA/ CERTIFICATE COURSES (2003-04) * TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS NUMBERS 1. POLYTECHNICS 11052. TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS 13033. TECH., INDUS., ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOLS 4877 Reference:

http://www.education.nic.in/pdfs/Table5NumberofInstitutions.pdf:

*Provisional

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA TABLE 3. PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS ENROLMENT TO TOTAL ENROLMENT BY STAGES

YEAR *provisional

PRIMARY

I-V MIDDLE

VI-VIII SEC./HR. SEC/ Intermediate(IX-XII)

HIGHER EDUCATION(DEGREE&

ABOVE LEVEL)

1990-91

41.5 36.7 32.9 33.3

2000-01*

43.7 40.9 38.6 39.4

2001-02*

44.1 41.8 39.5 39.9

2003-04*   46.8 43.9 41.3 40.12003-04 * 46.7 44.0 41.1 39.7

Reference Source: http://www.education.nic.in/pdfs/Table20PercentageofGirlsEnrolment.pdf 

http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=village+School+India

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA A VILLAGE SCHOOLA VILLAGE SCHOOL

http://www.flickr.com/photos/praries880/19832069/

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

A VILLAGE SCHOOLA VILLAGE SCHOOL

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

TABLE 4. GIRLS’ SURVIVAL RATE IN EDUCATION: PRIMARY GRADES: RURAL/URBAN (2004)

AREA I II III IV V

RURAL 100 83 74 66 60

URBAN 100 91 87 89 82

Reference Source: Table D15; Elementary Education In India Analytical Report 2004 (NIEPA )

A typical single teacher rural school in Kuppam, AP

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAWOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA EDUCATION IN INDIA ; RURAL SCENARIO ; LACK OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE

http://www.agastya.org/summary.htm

School Children Sitting on FloorChannakeshava High school, Karki

http://www.kamat.com/picturehouse/campus_life/13126.htm

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN

INDIAINDIATABLE 5. TRANSITION RATES FROM PRIMARY (IV/V) TABLE 5. TRANSITION RATES FROM PRIMARY (IV/V)

TO UPPER PRIMARY (V/VI): (2003) TO UPPER PRIMARY (V/VI): (2003)

AREA BOYS GIRLS TOTAL

RURAL 72.92% 68.02% 70.68%

URBAN 93.88% 92.18% 93.06%

ALL AREAS

76.01% 71.98% 74.15%

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAWOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

CAN RURAL INDIA PRODUCE ITS OWN CAN RURAL INDIA PRODUCE ITS OWN SCIENTISTS AND INNOVATORSSCIENTISTS AND INNOVATORS

The first India Science Report, released in 2005 by the National Council of Applied Economic Research, says that although people in all sections of society want to study science, the poor and those living in the countryside miss out because it is too expensive and they lack the infrastructure, among other factors

Reference:SciDev.Net Home > Features Home > Features Article 2006 Village India: untouched by the science boom

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAWOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

EDUCATION IN RURAL INDIA_:_ A CASE STUDYEDUCATION IN RURAL INDIA_:_ A CASE STUDY

Take the case of the Shukul Bazaar region in the next district to Bahadurpur Jais. It needs 50 schools, but only has 21 — including some in makeshift warehouses and tin sheds. One school has 305 students taught by five teachers, including two parents who volunteered to help. Without a science teacher, the head teacher fills the role

There are no science colleges in Shukul Bazaar, so some students have to travel 40 kilometres to study science in the town of Rae Bareily. But most opt out instead

Reference:SciDev.Net Home > Features Home > Features Article 2006 Village India: untouched by the science boom

http://www.kamat.com/picturehouse/campus_life/13116.htm

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

A CLASSROOM IN RURAL INDIA Pupils at Janata Vidyalaya

Village of Kasarkod, near Honavar, Karnataka, 2005

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA THE VILLAGE SCHOOLTEACHERTHE VILLAGE SCHOOLTEACHER

VIEW FROM STAFF ROOM http://www.flickr.com/photos/middlecampscott/116773668/in/photostream/

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

TABLE 6. EXAMINATION RESULTS IN TERMINAL GRADE: TABLE 6. EXAMINATION RESULTS IN TERMINAL GRADE: 20032003

TERMINAL GRADE GENDER PASS %ALL AREAS

PASS %RURAL

AREAS

PASS %URBAN AREAS

GRADE IV/V BOYS 94.47 94.54 94.18

GIRLS 94.56 94.53 94.69

GRADE VII/VIII BOYS 88.53 88.44 88.88

GIRLS 89.14 88.95 89.71

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA EDUCATION IN RURAL INDIA ;WHERE ARE THE EDUCATION IN RURAL INDIA ;WHERE ARE THE

GIRLS?GIRLS?

IT IS SONAL’S JOBTO TAKE CARE OFHER FAMILY’S

BUFFALO.

www.SciDev.Net Home > Features Home > Features Article

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAHIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAVILLAGE INDIA: UNTOUCHED BY THE SCIENCE BOOM

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAHIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

TABLE 7: SHOWING AVAILABILITY OF SCHOOLS IN RURAL INDIATABLE 7: SHOWING AVAILABILITY OF SCHOOLS IN RURAL INDIA

Sr no.

RURAL HABITATIONS

1993 2002 Growth %

1 TOTAL NO. OF HABITATIONS 1060612 1231391 16.10

2 NO. OF HABITATIONS WITH PRIMARY STAGE WITHIN THEM

528051 653076 23.68

3 NO. OF HABITATIONS WITH PRIMARY STAGE WITHIN 1 KM.

884089 1070863 21.13

4 NO. OF HABITATIONS WITH UPPER PRIMARY STAGE WITHIN THEM

147140 227146 54.37

5 NO. OF HABITATIONS WITH UPPER PRIMARY STAGE WITHIN 3 KM

807656 961899 19.10

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

TABLE 8: SOCIO- CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF TABLE 8: SOCIO- CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENDER IN INDIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STATUS OF GENDER IN INDIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STATUS OF

WOMENWOMENINDIAN SCENARIO—Attitudes beliefs and customs

VALUE OF GIRLS

VALUE OF BOYS

DOWRY negative positiveReturns on investment in education

nil positive

Returns of expenses on food clothing medicines

nil positive

Expected Old age support nil positiveOverall value Liability Asset

IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S IMPACT OF URBAN –RURAL DISPARITY ON WOMEN’S

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA Higher Education in India: Ensuring Higher Education in India: Ensuring Accessibility, Equity and RelevanceAccessibility, Equity and Relevance

1.REGIONAL DISPARITY TO BE SERIOUSLY TACKLED ON A PRIORITY BASIS.

2. SPECIAL INCENTIVES TO NGO’S AND PRIVATE SECTOR TO SET UP EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN RURAL AREAS WITH MODERN INFRASTRUCTURE

3. EMPHASIS ON E- LEARNING TO OVERCOME THE OBSTACLES WITH REGARD TO ACCESS TO EDUCATION DUE TO REMOTENESS OF RURAL AREAS FROM THE MAIN TOWNS AND HIGHWAYS

4. ERADICATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC BARRIERS TO WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN RURAL INDIA –ROLE OF NGOS /EDUCATION FOR GENDER SENSITIVITY