IMPACT OF TECH ON WAR

QUESTION 2

• STUDY OF MIL HISTORY REVEALS IMPACT OF TECH ON WAR. EXAMINE– ITS IMPACT IN THE PAST WITH

APPROPRIATE HISTORICAL EXAMPLES.

– EFF ON MODERN WARS - PAST TWO DECADES.

– IMPACT ON FUTURE WARS.

INTRODUCTION

To us every American life is precious. We will use ourtech advances, in ways seen

and unseen, that the Iraqi army never dreamed of.

Colin Powell

SFF/SSB‘ALL INDIANS ARE PHYSICIANS

JUST AS ALL HUMANS ARE ENGINEERS’

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

• AGE OF TOOLS (UPTO 1500 AD)

• AGE OF MACHINES (1500 – 1830)

• AGE OF SYSTEMS (1830 – 1945)

• AGE OF AUTOMATION (1945 ONWARDS)

THE AGE OF TOOLS

• FD WARFARE

• SIEGE WARFARE

• INFRASTRUCTURE OF WAR

• NAVAL WARFARE

FD WARFAREFD WARFARE

• STONE – MOST IMP MTRL.• SURVIVAL – SEARCH FOR RESOURCES

TO FULFILL BASIC NEEDS.• INVENTION OF TECHNIQUES, TOOLS

WPNS. EVERY HUMAN- A SOLDIER.• SOCIAL GROUPS- ORG DEF- DEVP OF

FMNS.• SUPERIORITY OF MOUNTED SOLDIERS.• ADVENT OF ARCHERS- STAND OFF. • DISCOVERY OF IRON SMELTING.

SIEGE WARFARESIEGE WARFARE

• FORTRESS WARFARE.• EARLIEST EVIDENCE – 1200 BC.• INVENTION OF AN ARRAY OF SIEGE

DEVICES MARKED THIS PERIOD.

INFRASTRUCTURE OF INFRASTRUCTURE OF WARWAR

• NON MIL TECH – WRITING.• MEANS OF COMN.• COMD AND CONT OF OPS.• RELIANCE ON MESSENGERS.

NAVAL WARFARENAVAL WARFARE

• FISHING.• ECONOMICS OF TPT.• WOOD USED FOR CONSTR OF BOATS.• BATTLE OF ACTIUM IN 31 BC.

THE AGE OF MACHINES

• FD WARFARE

• SIEGE WARFARE

• INFRASTRUCTURE OF WAR

• COMD OF THE SEA

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• QUEST FOR CONT OF RESOURCES.• MOB OF POPULATION- TRADE CENTRES.• TRADE INTEREST- EXPANSIONISM.• STEAM ENGINE, IC ENGINE, SHIPS-

TRADE & LARGE SCALE MOB OF TRADERS-SOLDIERS.

• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECO-MIL GROWTH.

• INVENTION OF GUN POWDER AND ADVENT OF ARTY- INCREASE STAND-OFF.

THE AGE OF SYSTEMS

• MOB WARFARE

• LAND WARFARE

• COMD OF THE AIR

• SEA WARFARE

TRANSISTION TO MODERN TRANSISTION TO MODERN WARFAREWARFARE

– ABILITY TO DOMINATE AND CONT.– AREA OF INTEREST/ RADIUS OF

ACTION.– WORLD WARS- INNOVATIONS AND

IMPROVEMENTS.– DIVERSE USE OF AIR-POWER.– FIRE POWER & LETHALITY.– COMN.

TRANSISTION TO MODERN TRANSISTION TO MODERN WARFAREWARFARE

–VULNERABILITY-SURVIVABILITY.

–DEVP OF TK & ANTI TK CAPABILITY.

–SPEED & MVRE.–SHIFT FROM ATTRITION TO MVRE.–MINE WARFARE.–SUPPORT – LGS.–USE OF ATOM BOMB.

THE AGE OF AUTOMATION

• CMPTR WAR.

• NUC WAR.

• INTEGRATED WAR.

• MAKE BELIEVE WAR.

MODERN WARSMODERN WARSENVIRONMENT

• AUTOMATION.• WPNS OF MASS DESTR.• ARMS RACE- ARMS TRADE.• COLD WAR- LTD WARS.

– FALKLANDS.– GULF WAR.– AFGHANISTHAN.

FALKLANDS CRISIS

GULF WAR

MODERN WARSMODERN WARSADVANCEMENT – TECH

• ELECTRONICS & MATERIALS.• AIR-POWER – PGMs, STEALTH TECH.• MSLS- RG, ACCURACY AND PAYLOAD.• SATL- ENHANCED AND CONTINUOUS

SVL OVER LARGE AREAS.• NI VISION- NI FIGHTING.• UNDERWATER ( SUB-SURFACE) WPN.• GPS.

MODERN WARSMODERN WARSADVANCEMENT – TECH

• C 3 I ( C4I2).• ENHANCED MOB, PROTECTION & FIRE

POWER.• INFO WARFARE- ROLE OF MEDIA.• EW.• GUIDANCE SYS FOR WPNS.

MODERN WARSMODERN WARSIMPACT ON MODERN WARS

•SHORT REACTION TIME.•INTENSE- SHORT DURATION WARS.•GREATER TRANSPARENCY.•STAND- OFF BETWEEN OPPOSING FORCES.

•MULTI - DIMENTIONAL WARFARE( LAND-AIR-SEA-SPACE-IW)- JOINTMANSHIP.

•DETERRANCE WITH WMD.•DISPARITY – TERRORISM.

FUTURE WARSFUTURE WARSADVANCEMENT

• ENHANCED USE OF SPACE- SVL, MSLS AND WPN PLATFORMS.

• INCR RELIANCE ON UNMANNED SYS.• MINIATURISATION.• TRANSPARENCY- REAL TIME.• SMART WEAPONARY.• ROBOTICS.• NON-LEATHAL WPNS-

ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE.

FUTURE WARSFUTURE WARSIMPACT

• RELEVANCE AND ROLE OF GROUND FORCES ?

• LIKELIHOOD OF MASS CAS?• SIZE OF BATTLE FD- NATION AT

WAR?• INVOLVEMENT OF ORDINARY CITIZEN

AND NON-COMBATANTS?• OFF THE SHELF TECH Vs R&D? • ROLE OF GOVT? CONT OF WMD.

NECESSITY OF QUALITATIVE NECESSITY OF QUALITATIVE CHANGECHANGE

• IW- CRUCIAL FOR OUTCOME OF CONFLICT. SUCCESS WILL DEPEND ON INFO DIFFERENTIAL.

• TRIM ARMY. LT FORCES - MODERN WEAPONARY – RAPID DPLY. LAND WARRIORS.

• DEVP OF STRONG AIR & NAVAL POWER TO DETER AGGRESSION & CURB WAR.

NECESSITY OF QUALITATIVE NECESSITY OF QUALITATIVE CHANGECHANGE

• STEP UP R&D AND OPTIMALLY UTILISE AVAILABLE OFF THE SHELF TECH FOR SPEEDY DEVP.

• REVISE MIL DOC & STRAT IN CONCERT WITH HI TECH WAR.

• DEVP COMD, CONT & INT SET UP CAPABLE OF MOUNTING PRECISION STRIKES AGAINST EN FROM LAND/ AIR /SEA.

• RAISING PROFESSIONALISM - EFFORTS TO BRIDGE GAP BETWEEN TRG AND COMB (TECH BASED).

FUTURE WARS : CHARACTERISTICS

• BATTLEFIELD TRANSPARENCY• INFO WARFARE

– INFO ATTACKS, FIREPOWER COMBINED.– JAMMING/DESTR OF EN COMN/ELECT EQPT WITH EW SYS.– DESTR OF COMD CENTRES.– DESTR OF ELECT SYS WITH EMP WPNS.– DESTR OF EN CMPTR SOFTWARE WITH ‘VIRUS’.

• PRECISION WARFARE– EXTENSIVE EMP OF PGMs & ADV CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS

(ACM).– HIGH TEMPO MECH OPS BY DAY & NI.– ENHANCED RELIANCE ON ARTY ASLT, MSL STRIKES.

BATTLE FD TRANSPARENCY

• SENSORS– DEVP OF INTELLIGENT OR SMART SENSING DEVICE.

– EMERGENCE OF INTEG MULTIFUNCTIONAL SENSORS.

• SVL & TA– SVL BY UAVs FOR REAL TIME INT.

– MIL SATL RESOLUTION OF LESS THAN ONE METER.

– DEVP OF INVERSE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RDR FOR GRND BASED SATL TRACKING CAPABILITY.

• UAV. ‘SEARCHER’ (ISRAEL) & ‘NISHANT’ (IA) PROVIDES EXTENDED FWD LOOK INTO EN TERRIROTY.

• TETHERED BALLOON SYS. LIGHT & MOB, CAPABLE OF CARRYING MULTIPLE SENSORS ON STABLE PLATFORM. MUST SURVIVE HOSTILE OP REQMT & ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS.

• AEROSTAT. AE PLATFORM (5000M).

• AEW / AWACS.

FUTURE WARS : CHARACTERISTICS

• BATTLEFIELD TRANSPARENCY• INFO WARFARE

– INFO ATTACKS, FIREPOWER COMBINED.– JAMMING/DESTR OF EN COMN/ELECT EQPT WITH EW SYS.– DESTR OF COMD CENTRES.– DESTR OF ELECT SYS WITH EMP WPNS.– DESTR OF EN CMPTR SOFTWARE WITH ‘VIRUS’.

• PRECISION WARFARE– EXTENSIVE EMP OF PGMs & ADV CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS

(ACM).– HIGH TEMPO MECH OPS BY DAY & NI.– ENHANCED RELIANCE ON ARTY ASLT, MSL STRIKES.

• STEALTH WARFARE– HIGH PRECISION, LETHAL, EARTH PENETRATING SOLID FUEL RKTs.– HIGHLY AUTOMATED MOB MSLS WILL COMPEL FORCES TO ADOPT STEALTH

TECH / INCR SURVIVABILITY.

• NI / ALL WEATHER OPS.

• ENHANCED DIMENSIONS OF BATTLEFD– INCR FIREPOWER & SVL RESOURCES WILL EXTEND DEPTH & FRONTAGE OF

AREA OF OPS.– FRONT & REAR WILL BE ATTACKED SIMULTANEOUSLY.

• MOB– MULTIDIMENSIONAL, MULTIDIRECTIONAL LEADING TO RAPIDLY CHANGING OP

SITS.– REQUIRE SPEED IN DECISION MAKING & PASSAGE OF ORDERS FOR EXEC.– GREATER DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY & FREEDOM OF ACTION TO

SUBORDINATE CDRs.

STEALTH BOMBER

• STEALTH WARFARE– HIGH PRECISION, LETHAL, EARTH PENETRATING SOLID FUEL RKTs.– HIGHLY AUTOMATED MOB MSLS WILL COMPEL FORCES TO ADOPT STEALTH

TECH / INCR SURVIVABILITY.

• NI / ALL WEATHER OPS.

• ENHANCED DIMENSIONS OF BATTLEFD– INCR FIREPOWER & SVL RESOURCES WILL EXTEND DEPTH & FRONTAGE OF

AREA OF OPS.– FRONT & REAR WILL BE ATTACKED SIMULTANEOUSLY.

• MOB– MULTIDIMENSIONAL, MULTIDIRECTIONAL LEADING TO RAPIDLY CHANGING OP

SITS.– REQUIRE SPEED IN DECISION MAKING & PASSAGE OF ORDERS FOR EXEC.– GREATER DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY & FREEDOM OF ACTION TO

SUBORDINATE CDRs.

• DIRECTED ENERGY WPNS (DEW)– PGMs FOR SWIFT & ACCURATE DESTR AND MIN

COLLATERAL DAMAGE.– LASERS, PARTICLE BEAMS & MICROWAVE BEAMS FOR

PRECISION & LETHALITY.

• DISASTER MGT. CONVENTIONAL STRIKES ON NUC POWER PLANTS/ REACTORS & CHEM PLANTS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION CALLING FOR DISASTER RELIEF OPS.

• AMPH WARFARE. SPECTRUM OF THREAT TO ISLE TERROTORIES, EEZ AND SLOC.

• SPACE WARFARE. DPLY OF ORBITAL WPN SYS BY SUPER POWER WILL COMB STRAT MSLS IN FLT & STRIKE PGMs AGAINST GRND, SEA & AB TGTs.

• STRAT DETERRENCE & SEC STRIKE CAPABILITY. WILL DETERMINE ESCALATION THRESHOLD & OUTCOME OF FUTURE WAR.

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TILL 2025

• INFO TECH.– DATA FUSION.

• SENSORS FOR SVL, INT ACQN, PASSAGE OF INFO & ISSUE OF ORDERS.

• SIGNATURES OF POTENTIAL TETs TO BE UPDATED.

– DIGITISED BATTLEFD.• INFO BASED DECISION SP SYS, IFF, BATTLEFD AWARENESS

AT ALL LEVELS AND WORD OF OP LGS IS IMPERATIVE.• EXTENSIVE CMPTR NETWK IN ARMED FORCES.

– INFO SECURITY• ‘TEMPEST HARDENING’, DYNAMIC PASSWORD

AUTHENTICATION SYS, VOICE & DIGITAL SIGNATURES.• ANTIDOTES TO VIRUS HAVE TO BE INSTALLED.

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TILL 2025

• INFO TECH.– DATA FUSION.

• SENSORS FOR SVL, INT ACQN, PASSAGE OF INFO & ISSUE OF ORDERS.

• SIGNATURES OF POTENTIAL TETs TO BE UPDATED.

– DIGITISED BATTLEFD.• INFO BASED DECISION SP SYS, IFF, BATTLEFD AWARENESS

AT ALL LEVELS AND WORD OF OP LGS IS IMPERATIVE.• EXTENSIVE CMPTR NETWK IN ARMED FORCES.

– INFO SECURITY• ‘TEMPEST HARDENING’, DYNAMIC PASSWORD

AUTHENTICATION SYS, VOICE & DIGITAL SIGNATURES.• ANTIDOTES TO VIRUS HAVE TO BE INSTALLED.

• STEALTH TECHNOLOGY.– RAISED SURVIVABILITY OF WPNS & ENABLE SURPRISE

ATTACKS.

– DEEP PENETRATION INTO DEPTH As TO ATTACK STRAT OBJs.

• SSMs. TO ENHANCE COMB EDGE.• NANOTECHNOLOGY. SOME OF THE NANO TECHNOLOGICAL WPNS

:-

– MICROSCALE ROBOT ELECT INCAP SYS.• THESE ARE SENSORS, INFO PROCESSING, AUTO NAV,

MANOEUVRING, COMNS & DESTR SYS.• ATTACK EN’S ELECT SYS BY USING UAVs TO DISPERSE

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYS IN VICINITY OF TGT TO CREATE MALFUNCTION.

• MICRO AIR VEH (MAV). UNMANNED DRONES (MANPACK) CAN PROVIDE CRITICAL INFO OF ‘OTHER SIDE OF HILL’.

• ADV MTRLS TECHNOLOGY.– CARBON COMPOSITES, ADV CERAMICS & METAL MATRIX

COMPOSITES ARE FUTURE STRUCTURE MTRLS.

• BEAMED ENERGY WPNS– HIGH POWER CHEM LASER & PARTICLE BEAM BASED

WPNS WILL DESTROY ELECT SYS, INFO NETWK & ELECTRO OPTIC SVL & TRACKING SYS.

• MANOEVRABILITY. HEPTRS PROVIDING VERTICAL ENVP FOR GRND TPS.

• FIREPOWER– CARRIER SHELLS, SMART MUNITIONS, TANDEM

WARHEADS, SSM/SAM PROVIDE VERSATILITY & REACH.– MICROWAVE, PLASMA WPNS USE ELECTOMAGNETIC

ENERGY IN MILLIMETRIC BAND.– PENETRATING WARHEADS FOR DESTR OF HARDENED

TGTS.

COMNS

• TRANSMISSION MEDIA– FIBRE OPTIC CABLE.

• REPLACING COPPER CABLES & ARE IDEAL FOR TXN, SWITCHING, SIGNALLING & CONT TECHNIQUES FOR INTELLIGENT NETWK.

• HIGH BANDWIDTH, HIGH IMMUNITY TO INTERFERENCE & NEGLIGIBLE LOSSES.

– MILLIMETER WAVE• RADIO RELAY BASED ON MM WAVES IS AN ALT.

• HIGH BANDWIDTH, HIGHLY DIRECTIONAL (ECCM).

• SATL COMNS. USE OF ‘KA’ BAND.• MOB COMN SYS (3G).

– PROVIDE FAST WRLS ACCESS TO INTERNET REAL TIME VIDEO CONF & BROADCAST, VIDEOPHONE, VIDEO & AUDIO E MAIL.

• TAC RADIO. BROAD BAND SERVICES IN TBA.– MULTI ROLE RADIO. FREQ HOPPING & FIXED FREQ (ECCM)

MODE.– ULTRA WIDE BAND RADIO. STEALTH RADIOS HAVE VERY

LOW PROBABILITY OF INTERCEPT & DECEPTION.

• GLOBAL POSITIONING SYS (GPS).– SVL SATL. PSLV TECH PROVIDES FOR SVL & COMN SATL

DEDICATED FOR DEF.

OP TAURUS

A COUNTER TO THE IED CHALLENGE FACED IN LIC

THE PROBLEM

• REMOTE CONT IED (RCIED)

• SPATE OF INCIDENTS IN 2000

• ASHI

• INADEQUACY OF R&D

BACKGROUND TO THE SOLUTION

• TASKING OF AN ENGR REGT

• TIME FACTOR

AIM

TO FIND CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE IED CHALLENGE FACED BY THE IA

CONCEPTS

• IMPROVED ASHI

• MULTIPLE RS PRE-INITIATOR

• RCIED DETECTOR

• REACTIVE JAMMER

• ELECTRIC DETONATOR BLASTER

DEVP OF PROTOTYPES

• TAURUS PRE-INITIATOR – MAR 2001

• TAURUS REACTIVE JAMMER – JUL 2002

LESSONS LEARNED

• AVAILABILITY OF TECH IN THE POST MODERN ERA

• ‘NO IEDs IN 2 CORPS’

• STRENGTH OF A REGT

• TASKING IN THE POST MODERN ERA

WE KNOW WHATS’ BEST

?