f~rInpIe~~h~atià~ii4fI~MA~KIII ~~m~rationsjI 1

~Ii~I~II ~ ~IIIIi~

ft~AIMI ~IIII~ I 1111 Fl ~ II Fill

j:Iines

~ I’F I

lb P ~

WASH VESSELS

-nri

p

•-_~‘ ~

~TI~

—I

TAKE .1..Y BY TILTING~USE A LADLE

H ~j

PREFACE

INDIA hasthe largestnationalRuralWaterst~pplyProgrammein the world usingthe India Mark H

deepwellHandpuinpfor thesupplyofsafe,potablegroundwater.Extensivefield andlaboratorytestshave

provedthat theIndia Mark II HPis adurableandreliablehandpumpbut it is not easyto maintain at the

village level,asit requiresheavytoolsandconsiderableskifis for carryingout below-groundrepairs.After

carrying out researchanddevelopmentalstudieson India Mark II, the India Mark UI HP having VLOM

(village level operationsandmaintenance)featureswasdeveloped.

To introduce theconceptof VLOM, a Planof Action waspreparedto implementthe India Mark III

(VLOM) HP Project in the select Blocks, which has beensimplified and given in this Manual. The

organisatlon structure and functioning are figuratively depicted which can be converted into

transparenciesthatcanbeusedasvisualaid for field-level presentation.This ManualIs speciallydesigned

for Plannersand Facifitators for their ready reference.The guidelinessuggestedIn this Manual are

adaptableto local situations.

LIBRARY, INTERNATK”NAL REFERENCECENTRE FOR COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLYAND SANITATION (IRC)P.O. Box 93190, 2509 AD The Ha~*~&Tel. (070) 814911 ext 141/142

1

VILLAGE LEVEL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OFINDIA MARK Il HANDPIJMPS

INTRODUCTION

TheRuralWaterSupplyProgrammein India hasachievedsignificantprogressin termsof coverageof problem-villagesthroughlargescaleuseof India Mark H deepwellhandpumpwhich hasprovedto bea sturdy andreliablesourceof drinking water.

IndiaMarkII handpump,althoughsturdyandreliable,requirespreventiveandcurativemaintenancefrom time to time andneedsspecialskills, manpowerandtools to repair,which arenot alwaysavailableat the village level andarethereforelocalisedat theDivision/Block-level.

Studiesconductedsofar indicatethat thepresentcentralisedHandpu.mpsMaintenanceSystemhashigh overheadcosts and efficiency of the MaintenanceTeam deteriorateswith increasednumberofhandpunipsover a large area in a District. Moreover, the community Is not Involved in planning,implementingandmaintenance.To overcomethedifficulties encountered,adecentralised,Village-based,Community-managedhandpumpMaintenanceSystemwas thoughtof. After carrying out researchanddevelopmentalstudieson India Mark H by the UNDP/World BankWaterandSanitationProgrammeandUNICEF In collaborationwith the NationalDrinking WaterMissionof India, the India Mark Ill handpumphaving VLOM (village level operationandmaintenance)featureswasdeveloped.

The India Mark HI (VLOM) handpumpIs a modification of India Mark II which can be easilymaintainedandrepairedatthevillage level with minimum, simpletoolsandlessertime. Thiscanbe usedfor deepwell conditionsupto 40 metres.

2

Main ObjectivesofProject

- To convert the existing centralisedsystemto vIth~ge-basedMaintenanceSystem throughcommunityparticipation.

- To IntroduceMark III (VLOM) Handpumpby gradually convertingexisting India Mark II toIndia Mark UI Hi’s.

Who will implement?

I) Tamil NaduWater& DrainageBoard(TWAD)Directorateof Rural Development(DRD)

II) Non GovernmentOrganisation(NGO)

ill) UnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sFund(UNICEF)

Implementingagencies

Software&mobifisationsupport

Technical& materialsupport

3

TECHNICAL DIFFERENCESBETWEENMARK II ANDMARK III HANDPUMPS

MARK II MARK HI

1. 32mm dla. (11/4”) GI pipeUsed. 65mmdia. (21/2”) GI pipehasbeenused.

2. To changethepistoncupwashersandmaintenanceof foot valve

The whole rising main hasto be removed Canbe donewithout disturbingthe risingmain.

3. More sophisticatedspecialheavytools, manpowerandtime areneeded.Hence,centralisedMaintenanceSystematDivisional/Block-level Is required

Modified for easierandquickerremoval/replacementof the wearingcomponentsbelowground. Fewsimple, lighttools, lesslabourandtime is neededtoreplacetheparts.Hence aperatlonandmaintenancecanbe undertakenat thevillage-level.

4

rTECHNICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEENMARK II ANI) MARK III HAND PUMPS

HANDLE ASSEMBLYHEAD ASSEMBLY

•~DDrnONALFLANGE-WATER TANK ASSEMBLY

•CEMENT CONCRETEFOUNDATION X — ALTERNATIVE FOR

TELESCOPIC STAND ASSEMBLY

_CYUNDER ASSEMBLY

/~,

X~—.ALTERNATiVE FOR ,~,

TELESCOPIC STAND ASSEMBLV~

HANDLE ASSEMBLYHEAD ASSEMBLYADD~ONALFLANGE

-WATER TANK ASSEMBLY

CONCRETE

~ERROD

CYLINDERASSEMBLY

India Mark II India Mark III

5

TECHNICAL DIFFERENCEBETWEEN MARK II AND MARK III

YOI~EBODY

RUBBER SEAT RETAINER

_—RUB~ERSEATING (LOWER VALVE)

~— CHECK VALVE GUIDE

_~-CHECKVALVE SEAT~—_6EALING IRING

India Mark II Cylinder India Mark III Cylinder

PLUNGER ROD

_.~,RUBBERSEATING (UPPER VALVE)

— UPPER VALVE ~3UIDE

— SPACER~PUMP BUCKET

~— FOLLOWER

CYLINDER

6

I COMMUNITY ORGANISATION PROCESS

FOR INDIA MARK III VLOM HANDPUMP PROJECT

I PRE-PROJECTPLANNING

1) Planof Action2) ResponsibilityChart3) Work Schedule4) Supplyof equipmentsandmaterials

STAGE 1 WORKSHOP

5) Developmentof communicationActionplan/materials

6) MinImum operatingstandards/Procedures

Orientation of GovernmentOfficials & NGOs

STAGE2 VILLAGE CONTACT DRIVE

Meetingswith Leaders,Village Members.DiscussInformation about the Project, rolesandresponsibifitlesof the Project& the community

Registrationof WATSANCommitteeas Self-help

Group

WATSAN Committeesignsits commitment

Formationof WATSAN Committeewith moreWomenRepresentatives.Selectionof the

Motivator/ Village Mechanic

Site SelectionforNew Source

Land AgreementforNew Source

Improvementofdrainage,other

sanitation facilities

7

STAGE3 TRAINING PROGRAMMEfor WATSANCommitteeMembers,Motivators &Village Mechanics

STAGE4 TraineesandProject-staffconstructwell orboreholes& platformsandinstall pumps

STAGE 5 HandpumpIs handedover to the WATSAN Committeeat aPublic Functionwith Certificate

STAGE6

STAGE7

WATSAN Committeeoperatesandmaintainsthe watersystem

TrainingTeamMonitors andevaluates

On-siteTraining (ongoing)e

8

PLAN OF ACTION FOR SOFTWAREASPECTS -

MARK m IrlM’uMP

MAInActivity

SubActivity ResponsiblePersons

TargetGroup

Outcome Monitoring

1 DetailedPlanning

- Coordinator,Delhi-Consultant &EE,AEE,TWADBoard & PPM &NGO

- A comprehensivePlanof Actionforimplementationof each activity

-

2

Productionofcommunicationmaterials

AEEs (TWADBoard & PPM) &NGOs, AEs,Consultant

- Communicationmaterial kit forthe WorkshopandVillageContact Drive

Consultant

DIstrict/Block-levelWorkshop

- EE, AEEs, AEsof TWAD Board& PPM andNGOsConsultants

DDO, BDO,all Block-levelofficials &staff, NGOconnectedwith theProject

Action Plan forVillage ContactDrive,methodology &time-frame

Action plan forother trainingactivities

BDO/AEEPPMConsultant

Village ContactDrivedemonstration

Resourcepersons

“ Practical,field -

leveldemonstration

BDO/AEE(PPM)Consultant

9

Main

ActivitySubActivity Responsible

PersonsTargetGroup

Outcome Monitoring

Village contactdrive coverage

NGO, AEs ofTWAD Board&AEE (PPM) & staffof Block Office

Usercommunity,VillageLeaders&Members

Exposureto the BDOfield situation Consultant

Coursecorrection

Formationof ConsultantWATSAN AEE, (PPM)Committee,selectionofvillage Mechanicand Motivators/Final list of theabove ~____________

3 Impactassessment

- ExternalConsultant

User-community,VillageLeaders&Members

4 VillageContactDrive

- NGO, AEs-TWAD,AEE (PPM), BlockOffice staff

Usercommunity,VillageLeaders&Members

Filling upVillageMappingFormat

NGO, AEs-TWAD,AEE (PPM) &Block Office staff

Usercommunity,VillageLeaders&Members

Baseline dataabouteachvillage

ConsultantAEE (PPM)

10

TRAINING PROGRAMMES

1

2

MAInActivity

SubActivity

ResponsiblePersons

Target Group Outcome Monitoring

Preparationof trainingmaterialsfor all thetrainingprogrammes

Consultant -

AEEs andNGO- Communication

kits available forall the trainingprogrammes

-

Trainers’TrainingProgramme

AEE, MedicalOfficer, ResourcepersonsfromMyrada/Gandhigram

DDO, BDO,AEs TWAD &PPM BlockFitters & NGOs

TrainedTrainersavailable forconducting thetrainingprogramme

EE/TWAD -

Consultant

3

4

5

WATSANCommitteeTrainingProgramme

DDO, BDO, AEs,JE, TWAD & PPM,NGOs, MedicalOfficer

Members ofWATSANCommittee

Establishment ofthe trainedWATSANCommittee asSelf-help Group

EE TWADAEE (PPM)Consultant

MotlvatorTrainingProgramme

DDO, BDO & AEs,JE, PPM, TWAD,NGO, Block-levelFitter

SelectMotivatorsfrom eachBlock (App.50in each Group

TrainedMotivatorattached to eachhandpamp

EE, TWAD &AEE, (PPM)Consultant

MechanicsTrainingProgramme

AEE, PPM &TWAD NGO &Master Fitter

SelectedMechanic fromeachBlock(App.30 ineach Group)

TrainedMechanicattached to eachVillagePanchayat

EE TWAD &Consultant

11

6

MainActivity

SubActivity

ResponsiblePersons

TargetGroup Outcome Monitoring

Monitoringthe TrainingProgramme

EE, TWAD &AEEs, PPM &TWAD & NGO -

Consultant

WATSANCommittee,MechanicandMotivators

Informationavailableforcoursecorrection

EE/TWADAEEs, PPMandTWAD -

Consultant

7

8

Monitoringall theactivities

EE, AEEsTWAD& PPM -

Consultant

NGO, WATSANCommittee,Mechanic&Motivators

Informationavailableforcoursecorrection

EE TWAD &AEEs, PPMandTWADConsultant

Reviewofprogress

EE,AEE TWAD &AEE, (PPM) &NGO - Consultant

WATSANCommitteeMechanic &Motivators,user -

community

Informationavailable forcoursecorrection

EE TWAD &AEEs, PPMandTWADConsultant

9 ImpactStudy

EE, AEE, TWAD &PPM & NGO -

Consultant

WATSANCommitteeMechanic&Motivators,user-

community

Overallachievementsofthe Project

EE TWAD &AEEs, PPMand TWADConsultant

EEAEE~WADNGOAE

DDOBDOJEMOPPM

- Divisional DevelopmentOfficer- Block DevelopmentOfficer- Junior Engineer- Medical Officer- PowerPump Maintenance

ExecutiveEngineerAssistant ExecutiveEngineerTantilnaduWaterSupply & DrainageBoardNon-GovernmentOrganisationAssistant Engineer

12

PROJECT TEAM FOR MARK III (VLOM) PROJECT

DISTRICT COLLECTOR

EE, (RWS) TWAD BOARDCOIMBATORE

Overall chargeof Project

Implementationand monitoring

Liaise with allconcernedwithtraining onInstallation,maintenanceandtraining ofVillageMechanics.

AEEPPMCELL

MOBILE TEAM

MonitoringPlanningandconductingtheVillage ContactDrive, TrainingProgramme&Maintenance

AEETWADBOARD

AE Liaise withNGOs duringVillage ContactDrive andResourcePersonsforTraining

13

NGOBDO

Coordinatingat alllevelswhileconducting VillageContact Drive andTrainingProgrammes

Installation&Monitoring

* 3 - 4 membercore group

PlanningandimplementingVillageContact Drive. Formationof WATSAN Committee-

Help In selectingtheVillage Mechanic andMotivators, Coordinatingat all levels

Active participationIn~ planning, implementing,

monitoring the activities

BDO TEAMMADUKKARA!

BlockOfficials/staff

1 AE TWAD1AE PPM

NGO*

COMMUNITY

14

r

Village

PROCEDURESTO BE ADOPTED IN FORMINGWASTSAN COMMITTEE

Village

Village Panchayat

Contactsall villagersto motivatethem forcollectiveaction

Village Village

15

THE OUTCOME OF VILLAGE CONTACT DRIVEVillage Panchayat

WATSAN Committee

Oneor twoRepresentativesfrom eachVillageto form WATSANCOMMITFEE

Oneor two VillageMechanicwill be selectedfor eachWATSANCoutmittee

OneMotivatorfor eachHPIs selected

The list of WATSANCommitteemembers,Village MechanicandMotivator will be sentby the N.G.Osto theBlock office andAEE &PPM Cell.

16

VLOM TEAM FOR MARK III HP PROJECT

Village Level PanchayatLevel Area Level

- OneMotivator foreachHP will beselected

- Oneor twoRepresentativesfromeachVifiage(Preferablywoman)

- Oneor two VifiageMechanicsfor eachWATSAN Committee

Mobile Team

- Junior Engineer- Mechanic- Part-timeMason- Driver with a van- Helpers

11112

17

FUNCTIONING OF THE VLOM

Reportsmajorrepairs/replacements

Reports

repair

I

Preventivemaintenance

18

rCRITERIA FOR SELECTING WATSAN

COMMITTEE MEMBERS

WATSANCOMMITTEE MEMBERS

~Nc

7~m~~te’j.w-\

/ ~

-~

Mustbe aresidentof thehabitation,village, willingto servethe communityvoluntarily.

PreferablyaWOMAN fromuser-community

Able to readandwrite

Haveleadershipqualifies

Willing to unerdgotr~iining

19

Providetools andspareparts forrepairsto Village Mechanics

Refer major replacementstothe back-up Mobile Team

ROLE OF THE WATSAN COMMITTEE ON OPERATION ANDMAINTENANCE OF VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Maintain records onHandpunip repairs

Keep HP surroundings andDrainageareasclean Monitor Motivators,Village

Mechanics Activities

Promotesafe-waterdisposal

Takepart in conversion

ParticipateIn otherdevelopmentactivities

Collect nominalcontribution fromthe community for repalrlhghandpuinp andpaying the villageHP Mechanic for carrying outrepairs

j

20

I

SELECTION OF HANDPUMP MECHANIC

To reduce the handpumpdowntimeandmaintenancecost, aVillage Mechanicwill beselectedby WATSAN Committeetoundertakerepairwork of all Mark III HandpumpsInstalledIn thePanchayat.

I

CRITERIA FOR SELECTINGVILLAGE MECHANIC

A Woman from user- community.

To be a permanentresident of thatarea.

To be able to read andwrite

To be inclined to undertakethemaintenanceactivity

To be willing to undergo training.

A Bl-cycle mechanicor any otherMechanic may also be selected.

J

21

To maintain a RegisterIndicatingall the repairsdone.

To account to WATSANCommittee all the sparesusedfor repairing.

ROLE OF VILLAGE MECHANIC

To attend to the repair ofall the handpampswithinthe Village Panchayat.

22

Must be able to read andwrite.

Must be Inclined to servethe community voluntarily.

J

SELECTION OF THE MOTIVATOR

“The Motivator actsas ‘pivot’ aroundwhich theentire MaintenanceSystemrevolves.Thereforecareshouldbetakento selectthe right personasa Motivator”.

-~

SELECTING THE MOTIVATOR

Preferablya Womanfrom

user - community.Must be a permanentresidentofthe village.

Must be willing to undergotraining.

23

ROLE OF THE MOTIVATOR

To attend to preventivemaintenance.

To report the breakdowntotheWATSAN Committee.

To educatethe Communityon proper usageof thehandpump and itsmaintenance.

To impart HealthEducation.

‘I

1

To help the VillageMechanicwhile attendingthe repair.

24

r TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR THE SELECTED WATSAN COMMITTEE

MEMBERS/VILLAGE MECHANICS/MOTIVATORS

INTRODUCTION

The TrainingProgrammeis an Important cogin thewheel of theMaintenanceSystem.To ensureanefficient and result-orientedTraining Schedule,a separateTrainingTeamwill beformedin the Project-area.

METHODOLOGY

After successfulcompletion ofthe village Contact Drive In eachVillage Panchayat,thelist of selectedWATSAN Committee Members,Village Mechanicsandthe Motivators wffl be sentby the NGOs to the Blockoffice and AEE(PPM).

Block DevelopmentOfficer sendsthe list to the Divisional DevelopmentOffice;

On receiving the list, the AE of Divisional Mobile Team, the AE finalises the datesof the TrainingProgramme In consultationwith the BDO & AEE, PPM at Collectorate.

Duties of the officials/staff involved in the Training Programme:

EE - Overall supervisionandfunctioning

AEE, (PPM) - Incharge of providing training materials and supervisethe programme.

AE, MO, NGOFitter - Resourcepersons

BDO - Inchargeof Training Programmearrangements

A Certificate of Participation will be given to all theTraineesat the endof the TrainingProgramme.

25

___—

, ~ tI-~.4~

I

I -~

1 -

~ T~.. ~

~j I_.~,~I J ~ i ~ ~I~ f~I~L~N[t~~t4:1 ILI~1hIII~ ! ~ ~ ~it’I~I I III I ~t~Ii [I ~I ~ ~LI I

~IIIIH!

______ - -

—1 ::..

~- :;~‘~. ~iI_____

i~~f1~~I ~I4~J~I 1 t~ I 1411 1 t~J4*A~t IP